The first update

After Teacher Lou Shuguang walked into the classroom, the originally noisy classroom immediately quieted down.

Teacher Lou Shuguang wrote two big words "feudal" on the blackboard, and then faced the students, "I think everyone is very familiar with the word composed of these two words." Feudalism, that is, feudal statehood, ancient emperors gave titles and land to relatives or meritorious heroes, so that they could establish states in their respective regions, that is, feudal relatives to feudal screens"

Lou Shuguang first explained the definition of feudalism, and then said: "Many historians believe that the Qin to Qing Dynasty is the real feudal social era in Chinese history, which is the mainstream of the historical view of the modern era, but many scholars do not agree with this. ”

After talking about the definition of feudal society and the differences between historians and mainstream views, Lou Shuguang threw out the topic of bargaining in today's class: "Today, the students will speak freely and discuss the topic of feudalism, and they can stand up and talk about any point of view." ”

After Lou Shuguang finished speaking, he stood proudly on the podium, his eyes looking at the students below.

With so many students coming to listen to his lectures, he is of course very proud, and he wants to make the lectures lively and interesting.

Interacting with students and allowing them to play the leading role in class is the most important thing he believes is to make the class lively.

So after he said something, he gave the initiative in the classroom to the students and let them speak freely.

As a member of the study committee, Li Xiaoyu was the first to stand up and express his views.

What she says is the same as the mainstream view.

After saying those views, she added some of her own arguments, such as the period of Chinese feudal society, the landlords took possession of the land, drove out the original landowners, and then leased the land to these landless peasants, who developed and cultivated the land on their own and paid the rent.

She believes that the basic characteristics of feudal society are: first, in the economy, private land ownership is dominant, second, in terms of politics and culture, the implementation of a highly centralized system, third, culturally, with Confucianism as the core, and fourth, in the social structure, it is a patriarchal hierarchy that combines clan power and political power.

She didn't get a lot of applause for her views, which are basically textbook content and have no new ideas.

"Cao Yue, Cao Yue," without waiting for Lou Shuguang's roll call, many students looked at Cao Yue, and several people shouted in unison, asking Cao Yue to stand up and express their views. Many people came to listen to Cao Yue and wanted to hear his wonderful speech.

"Class leader, so many goddesses have come to listen to the class because of you, if you don't stand up and express some opinions, you really can't say it," Wu Weiliang also stood up and shouted, and shouted at the other students, "Do you want to listen to our class leader's wonderful opinions?"

"Cao Yue, Cao Yue," a neat and loud voice immediately sounded, and it was a hundred people shouting in unison.

"Cao Yue, we're all waiting to hear your point of view," Lou Shuguang smiled and motioned for Cao Yue to stand up and express his opinion.

Zheng Han, Tong Weiwei, Xu Fei, and Feng Feng, who were sitting next to Cao Yue, also looked at him with a look of hope.

In particular, Fengfeng's eyes were full of curiosity and admiration, and she had higher expectations when she came to audit the lecture of the history department for the first time. During this time, she interned in the hospital, and today she specially asked for leave to listen to Cao Yue's class, and she very much hoped to hear Cao Yue's shocking remarks.

Looking at the appearance of these women, Cao Yue felt that if he didn't stand up and say something today, he would be really sorry for them.

He also stood up in unison with his classmates, "Teacher Lou and my classmates have called my name, so I can't say anything if I don't say anything, otherwise there will be beautiful women looking for bricks to pat my head in a while." ”

Cao Yue's words were suddenly exchanged for a burst of laughter, as well as the collective eyes of several beauties around him again.

The prototype of feudal society was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, officially began in 221 BC and ended in 1912 AD, that is, from the establishment of the Qin Dynasty to the end of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, which is the consensus of many historians and the standard answer in textbooks. But I personally don't agree with this," Cao Yue expressed his opinion as soon as he stood up, "After Qin Shi Huang unified China, he abolished the feudal system, and the Qin Dynasty implemented the county system throughout the country, my point of view is that the Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty were typical feudal societies, the early Western Han Dynasty can be counted, the early Ming Dynasty can barely be counted, and other dynasties are not feudal societies." ”

Seeing countless eyes falling on him, Cao Yue continued to state his reasons: "The word feudal, everyone knows that it means to seal the land and build princes, and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty wrote a feudal theory, identifying the four dynasties of Xia, Shang, Zhou, and Han as feudal. Obviously, the word "feudal" in feudal society is borrowed from this word. Judging by this standard, the Zhou Dynasty was a very standard feudal society, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang, the world was divided, and in the following years, there were many small princes, and its ruler was divided into kings or waits by Zhou Tianzi, which was a standard feudal society. In the early days of the Western Han Dynasty, it can also be counted when the kings were divided, but not later. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also divided the royal domain, but after the Yongle Emperor Zhu Di took power, the feudal measures also existed in name only. Therefore, I think that the feudal society in China began with the Qin Dynasty and ended with the Qing Dynasty, this view is not correct, of course, this is only my personal opinion, not to deny the judgment in the history textbook I am not capable of it. ”

The Han Dynasty inherited the administrative division management system of the county system of the Qin Dynasty, and the administrative division of the Qin Dynasty is different in that the implementation of the "county system" at the same time the implementation of the feudal system, the feudal state includes the kingdom and the marquis, these two parallel systems are also called the county system, but we all know that although the county and county were parallel in the Han Dynasty, the county system was still the mainstay. Moreover, after the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the feudal system was abolished, so it can also be said that the feudal system, after the unification of Qin, basically disappeared. Since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, what existed in China was not the feudal system, but the monarchical system. ”

When studying history, Cao Yue felt very strange that the Zhou Dynasty with the standard feudal system and the two dynasties with the prototype of feudal feudalism were strangely called "slave society" by historians. In the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the small princely states were gradually annexed into large vassal states, and the Later Qin State annexed the six countries, established a centralized state with a county system, and abolished the feudal system, and the society after this was called "feudal society".

The unified Qin Empire has abolished the feudal system of feudal land, and no prince can be feudal and build his own country, and the "feudal society" has actually died out, but in our history textbooks, the successive dynasties that have abolished the feudal system are called feudal societies, and the standard Shang and Zhou dynasties of "feudal princes" are called slave societies or societies in which slaves have changed to feudalism.

He disagreed with this point of view, so after being named today, he stood up and expressed his opinion.

Just as Cao Yue finished speaking his opinion, a sophomore student from the history department who came to audit stood up to refute Cao Yue's view. "The stage of historical development should be divided by Ma S's view of historical materialism, and the mainstream view is based on the division of slave society and feudal society before and after the unification of Qin. May I ask Cao Yue, do you think your knowledge is as profound as that of Ma Weiren? Why do you deny Ma Weiren and the views that have been written into the textbooks?"

As soon as the classmate's big cap was thrown, the entire classroom fell silent instantly, and everyone's eyes looked at Cao Yue, wondering how he could refute.