Yao is the holy king of ancient Chinese legends, and later generations say that he is called Tao Tang and surnamed Yiqi, so he is also known as Tang Yao. The pen %fun %Ge www.biquge.info "Shangshu" and "Historical Records" both say that his name is Fang Xun. Yao's father is said to be the emperor, and his mother is Chen Feng's daughter. The emperor is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, reigned for 70 years, "the sun and the moon shine, the wind and rain come, do not obey", and was succeeded by Yaozhi's half-brother Zhi after his death. Zhi reigned for 9 years, and he was not good at politics, and Zen gave way to Yu Yao.

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Emperor Fu Mi of the Jin Dynasty said in "The Imperial Century": "The capital of Yao is Pingyang, and the "poem" is the Tang Kingdom." In the future, there is a saying of "Yaodu Pingyang". Pingyang is now Linfen City, Shanxi, and the Tang Kingdom mentioned in the Book of Songs is in Shanxi. Today, Linfen still has the Yao Temple built in the Jin Dynasty and the Yao Mausoleum built in the Tang Dynasty. Yao's qualities and intellect are extraordinary, "his benevolence is like heaven, and his common knowledge (wisdom) is like a god." It is like the sun, and the hope is like a cloud. Rich but not arrogant, expensive but not comfortable". Therefore, after he ascended the throne, the situation changed greatly: He recommended sages of his own nationality who had both ability and political integrity, first of all, so that the people of his clan could unite closely and achieve "harmony among the nine tribes"; he also examined the achievements of hundreds of officials, distinguished between the superior and the inferior, rewarded the good and punished the evil, and made the government affairs orderly; at the same time, he paid attention to coordinating the relations between various states and ethnic groups, and educated the common people to live in harmony, so that "all nations are in harmony, and the people are in harmony with the changing times", and the world is peaceful, politically clear, and the world is peaceful.

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Legend has it that in Yao's time, the calendar was formulated for the first time, so that the working people could engage in production activities according to the time and festival, without delaying the agricultural time. The Han nationality is an ethnic group with a long history of agricultural reclamation, and attaches great importance to agricultural time, so there is a detailed record of this in the "Shangshu Yaodian". The "Yao Dian" says: Yao ordered the Xi clan and the He clan to formulate a calendar according to the operation of the sun, moon and stars, and then promulgated the world, so that agricultural production can be followed, which is called "respecting the people"; Pai Xizhong lived in a place called Yanggu on the eastern coast and observed the situation of the sunrise, taking the day of the equinox as the vernal equinox and correcting it with reference to the position of the stars; Uncle Pai Xi lived in a place called Mingdu and observed the movement of the sun from north to south, taking the day with the longest day as the summer solstice and correcting it with reference to the position of Mars; Pai Hezhong lived in a place called Yanggu in the west and observed the sunset, taking the day of the equinox of day and night as the autumn equinox and correcting it with reference to the position of the imaginary star; Pai and Shu lived in a place called Youdu in the north and observing the movement of the sun from south to north, taking the day with the shortest day as the winter solstice and correcting it with reference to the position of the Pleiades。 After the equinox and the two solstices were determined, Yao decided to take 366 days as a year, place a leap month every three years, and use the leap month to adjust the relationship between the calendar and the four seasons, so that the agricultural time of each year is correct and there is no mistake. It can be seen from this that the ancients regarded the era of Di Yao as an era of rapid progress in agricultural culture. Yao's era is also the legendary flood period. "The soup soup flood is cut, swinging Huaishan Xiangling, the vast and monstrous", the water is huge, rushing and roaring, flooding the hills, rushing to Gaogang, endangering the world, and the people are not able to live. Yao was very concerned about this, and consulted Siyue (the chief of the princes of the four directions) to ask who could control the floods, and Siyue recommended Kun. Yao felt that Kun was unreliable, often disobeyed orders, and endangered the interests of his own clan, so he was not suitable to undertake this important work. But Siyue insisted on letting Kun give it a try, saying that it really couldn't work, and then he was removed from his position. So Yao appointed Kun to deal with the floods. Kun smelted water for 9 years, without merit. This is a legend about Yao, a political mistake, there are a number of similar shortcomings, in short, Yao's era is not perfect, so there is Shun Jiqi's hard work. In the book of Zhuzi, there is also a legend about Emperor Yao's martial arts, both civil governance and martial arts are perfect, and the reason why Deyao is the holy king of ancient times is seen. "Lü's Spring and Autumn Summoning Chapter" said: "Yao fought in Danshui Zhipu to subdue the Southern Barbarians. "He once fought against the gangs in the south and went out to fight in person. "Huainanzi Benjing Training" says: "When Yao was in the day, the ten days went out together, scorched the crops, killed the grass and trees, and the people had nothing to eat. Monkeys, chiseled teeth, nine babies, strong winds, sealing pigs, and snake repairs are all harms to the people. "Yao Paiyi killed the beasts and shot them down for the nine days. It is said that people were very grateful for Yao's measures to eliminate harm for the people, so they embraced him as the Son of Heaven. "Yi shot nine days" is already a myth, but it praises Yao's meaning of "prospering and eliminating harm, cutting down chaos and prohibiting violence", which is indeed to respect Emperor Yao Anbang to govern the country in a way, not only to govern the country, but also to prosper the martial arts. The legend of Yao is the most praised is that he does not pass on his son but passes on the virtuous, and Zen is located in Shun, not taking the position of the Son of Heaven as a private property. Yao, who reigned for 70 years, felt the need to choose a successor. He had long thought that his son Danzhu was stubborn and unusable, so he consulted with Siyue and asked them to recommend a candidate. Siyue recommended Shun, saying that this person is very filial, the family relationship is handled very well, and can influence the family to change the evil and turn the good. Yao decided to investigate first and then make a decision. Yao married his two daughters, Empress E and Nuying, to Shun, and examined his virtues from the two daughters to see if he could take care of the housekeeping. Shun and Empress E and Nuying live by the Weishui River, acting according to etiquette, and the two daughters are very fond of Shun and abide by women's morals. Yao also sent Shun to be responsible for the promotion of moral education, and Shun taught his subjects to guide their behavior with the five virtues of fatherhood, motherhood, brotherhood, brotherhood, and filial piety. Yao also asked Shun to be in charge of hundreds of officials and handle government affairs, and all the officials obeyed Shun's command, and all of them were revitalized, none of them were deserted, and they seemed particularly orderly and disorderly. Yao also asked Shun to be at the four gates of the Ming Hall, responsible for receiving the princes who came to meet from all over the world. Shun got along well with the princes, and also made the princes harmonious and friendly. The princes and guests who came from afar respected him very much. In the end, Yao asked Shun to go alone to the forest at the foot of the mountain and endure the test of nature. In the storm and thunderstorm, Shun can not lose his way and still walk, showing a strong ability to live. After three years of various investigations, Yao felt that Shun was very mature and reliable in what he said and did, and he was able to make achievements, so he decided to give the emperor to Shun. On the first day of the first lunar month (the first day of the new year), he held a Zen throne ceremony in the Taimiao, officially allowing Shun to succeed him and ascend to the throne of the Son of Heaven. Yao retired and died 28 years later, "the people are sad, such as the loss of their parents. In the pre-Qin period, the two schools of Confucianism and Mohism were the most powerful, known as "Xianxue", and both schools were called by Yao Shun. Since then, Yao has become the holy king of ancient times, not only an ideal personality in terms of ethics and morality, but also a model monarch who governs the country and the world. Confucius said, "The great Yao is the king! The majestic is the only one who is human, and only the one who is strong." The people are incompetent. "Confucius's praise of Yao has become more and more important in the Chinese cultural tradition, and it has become more and more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Later, Confucianism was marked by "the ancestor of Yao Shun, the charter of civil and military"; in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu and even the Song and Ming dynasties advocated the theory of "Taoism", and Yao became the spiritual ancestor of Confucianism. Throughout the feudal era, no one ever doubted Yao's existence in history and his achievements. In the 20s of this century, under the impetus of the "May Fourth" new trend of thought, a school of suspicion of antiquity emerged, and its giant Gu Jiegang believed that the "Yao Dian" in the "Book of Shang" was unreliable, and that the article appeared in the Warring States Period; therefore, the record of Yao Shun in the "Analects" was the earliest, and it was inferred that the story of Yao Shun appeared in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and the relationship between Yao, Shun, and Yu and the deeds of Chan Rang were gradually fabricated and perfected. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the oldest ancient king known to people was Yu, and there was no Yao Shun. Therefore, Yao, as Qian Xuantong said, must be "Wu is Gong" and "Mr. Wuyou", and he is not a historical figure at all. The rise of Marxist historiography used historical materialism and the general laws of social development history to study the legend of Yao, pointing out that Yao's era was a transition period from primitive society to slave society, when the blood clans and tribes had formed a tribal alliance, and Yao was the leader of the alliance elected by the tribal alliance council. Legend has it that Yao and Siyue discussed the candidates for water control and the successors, reflecting to a certain extent the scene of the tribal alliance council, and Yao Chan was located in Shun, which is a remnant of the primitive democratic style. Engels once pointed out that at this stage, every cultural nation has to experience its own heroic age. Yao, Shun and Yu are the heroes of the Chinese nation. [1]

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