(PS: In the previous episode of Chapter 326 "English Test Paper", there is a problem with the data involved, and this chapter has been modified.) The previous revisions can't be made, and it seems that the author of the chapter 10 days ago has to apply for the editor-in-charge to help revise it.

But a few data do not affect the reading at all, and even the vast majority of readers have forgotten, here I would like to remind readers with excellent memory. ）

"Psychology: Subversive Theory", this is a final exam paper by Li Fan, which was officially published in the extremely niche semi-monthly magazine "Psychology Daily" a month ago, and today, a month later, it was finally dug out by the news media.

In Psychology: Subversion, Li Fan uses seven methods (P-value in hypothesis testing, confidence interval for effect size, and comprehensive analysis of two studies...... In the past year, 36 academic results published in the world's top psychology journals were successfully repeated.

In the end, Li Fan found that only 11 of these 36 articles could be repeated, and came to an astonishing conclusion: the so-called psychology is not reliable at all!

In fact, to put it bluntly, after Li Fan's re-verification, among the 36 academic achievements, after Li Fan's second derivation and verification, only 11 of the conclusions obtained remained unchanged, and the other 25 were all wrong!

This conclusion is too scary, and if you magnify this conclusion, is it true that most of the conclusions in the psychology community are wrong?

This is undoubtedly a bomb dropped on the academic community!

Li Fan's "Psychology: Subversive Theory" was born out of the famous subversive academic research "Estimating-the-reproducibility-of-psychological-science" and "Reproducibility-Project: Psychology" in his previous life.

Li Fan synthesized these two kinds of research, and conducted simple experiments and reasoning on some items in international psychological journals and magazines on weekdays, and completed this "Psychology: Subversive Theory".

As soon as "Psychology: Subversive Theory" was thrown on the Internet, it was like a spark and quickly ignited the prairie fire!

As if overnight, the whole network completely fryed, and after the New Year, the first controversial event was born.

"Although I can't understand Li Fan's research, I know the conclusion, doesn't this mean that psychology is pseudoscience!"

"Li Fan, although you are very good at Chinese studies, you have spoken and published books, and you have no one in this aspect of Chinese studies, but you don't have to get involved in psychology!"

"You have a specialization in the art industry, do you know?"

"If most of the psychological conclusions are wrong, then what are psychologists all over the world eating?!"

"Li Fan, you are definitely drifting! Let's go back and study Chinese studies, you are a pure layman in psychology!"

……

Regarding this academic work, there are basically not many netizens who support Li Fan, after all, Li Fan has never shown his prominence in psychology, and this academic work is just like its name, too subversive and negative!

Directly turned the entire psychology into "pseudoscience", saying that more than half of the 36 studies are untenable, this jaw shocking remarks, no one can believe it!

Besides, the publisher is still an expert in Chinese studies, and has nothing to do with psychology, even if this person is the famous Li Fan!

In the face of one-sided public opinion, Li Fan closed his mobile phone and said indifferently: "Show me the elective course arrangements for this semester." ”

The roommates were shocked:

"Huh, they're questioning you!"

"Li Fan, don't you want to say something?"

"Netizens say that your work is complete nonsense, you are so calm, did you cultivate an immortal this winter vacation?"

……

There are two reasons why Li Fan is calm: First, he had already expected the one-sided doubts generated by this study, after all, those two research reports had encountered the same situation in his previous life.

Second, what is there to argue with netizens, everyone is not equal in academic level and educational background! It's like a primary school student saying that 1+1 is equal to 2, and a high-level math student saying that it is not equal to 2, how to communicate?

Netizens can't understand what he explained, and Li Fan will stupidly try to change the minds of netizens?

Academic exchanges can only be carried out when the two sides are equal or close to each other, otherwise it is empty talk.

Li Fan didn't bother to respond, and after taking the elective course schedule for this semester from his roommate, he turned on the computer and began to choose courses online.

……

Regarding the discussion of Li Fan's work, because of Li Fan's special identity, the discussion on the entire Internet has intensified!

Soon, some researchers in the field of psychology also expressed their opinions, and without exception, almost all of them were negative.

Li Gang, a professor of psychology at Beijing Normal University, published a long Weibo for systematic analysis:

"Li Fan's research has many problems, sampling is tendentious, and a lot of reasoning and speculation have been carried out, which is extremely unrigorous!

Error, Poer, and Bias all have serious problems......

I think this is a naïve and rudimentary study. ”

Professor Li Gang pointed out the lack of rigor in the research report, which Li Fan also admitted, because Li Fan did not have the necessary experimental conditions and scientific team support. Relying on his elder brother alone, he can't do a thorough and large-scale study of every research result.

Therefore, in terms of the verification of other academic achievements, Li Fan's sample size is very small, and they are all taken from his classmates.

Even the correctness and error of some academic achievements, Li Fan had to make reasonable speculations and draw personal conclusions.

No one agrees with this "reasonable speculation," and in the eyes of most experts, what is "reasonable speculation"? That is just the conjecture of Li Fan, a layman in psychology.

The biggest weakness of Li Fan's academic research is that due to his personal identity, he cannot have complete experimental conditions, cannot do a detailed and rigorous verification process, and speculates many times in the report, which makes the research report not very convincing.

This really can't be helped, Li Fan is not a big professor after all, and he doesn't have his own scientific team. You can't investigate thousands of people in order to verify the correctness of a conclusion, he doesn't have the conditions.

After Professor Li Gang posted on Weibo, Ouyang Zhennan, a lecturer in psychology at Zhejiang University, followed up again and continued to analyze Li Fan's article and came to the conclusion:

1. Li Fan underestimated the actual failure rate because there were other errors besides sampling error.

2. The repeated experiment should be as close to the original experiment as possible, and Li Fan did not do it.

……

After the public "reversal" of two psychology experts in a row, more relevant experts joined the discussion.

Professor Zheng Yun said that this academic research is extremely immature;

In an interview, psychologist Ma Hai said that Li Fan's verification process did not have any rigor.

One Ph.D. student, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the study was worthless.

……

Li Fan was pushed to the cusp until he got up the next morning and saw many experts jumping out, he really couldn't sit still!

Li Fan was lying on the bed staring at his mobile phone blankly, the whole person was not good, his previous broad mind had also shrunk, and he was beyond his reach at this time.

When the entire public opinion, from ordinary people to relevant experts, opposed his views together, and the form became more and more intense, Li Fan could no longer be as calm as before.

Li Fan admits that his research report does lack the support of a large number of accurate data, and also admits that the experts question some places are indeed justified, but he is just not happy!

So, he decided to do something!

When encountering such a situation, some people will jump up and argue with others about right and wrong, or even shout at their father and mother...... Because of personality, everyone's approach to problems may not be the same.

And Li Fan's approach is: keep silent and publish crazy academic works in psychology!

Get up "openly", don't wash your teeth or brush your face, get out of bed and come to the computer desk, open the notebook and prepare the codeword, what can you write?

Ma Qiang, like every day last semester, would play the guitar for a while after getting up, and when the guitar sounded again this morning, Li Fan's fingers also tapped on the keyboard:

Music and Creativity

Creativity is divided into divergent creativity and convergent creativity, and a true creative wizard must be both a divergent and an aggregator.

……

Upbeat music can enhance creativity, and it has both positive emotional eliciting and stimulating arousal elements, both of which are helpful for mental flexibility and thus further enhance creativity.

(ENDS)

When the last word fell, Ma Qiang's guitar also finished playing.

Li Fan hung up the phone to Lu Yaya and asked if the research on psychology could be published in the "Times of Chinese Studies" as an exception, because the paper newspaper "Psychology Daily" was too slow to update and its influence was too narrow.

Lu Yaya had just returned from an internship in the United States, and after she received the call, she asked the editor-in-chief, and the editor-in-chief's answer was of course no problem!

She said: "The editor-in-chief said, you haven't published an article in the "Chinese Studies Era" for more than two months, no matter what you write, we will open a special area for you! We have waited so hard for you, writer Li!"

On the "Sinology Era" APP, [Li Fan's column] was officially launched the next day, and the article "Music and Creativity" was officially released as the first article!

When he got up in the morning and saw his own article, Li Fan couldn't decide what to write about his next second research?

The TV in the dormitory was playing "Animal World", and a magnetic voice came from inside:

"Spring has arrived, everything has come back to life, and it's the season of mating......"

Li Fan's inspiration came, he immediately got out of bed and typed the following title on the computer:

"On the Problem of Bonobos Double Love".

However, Li Fan silently deleted it again, and said in his heart: I think I am also a public figure......

Change the title: "The Birdcage Effect".

What is the birdcage effect? It is that people will add more things that are related to it that they don't need by chance on top of what they don't need.

The "birdcage effect" is one of the top ten psychology that human beings are difficult to get rid of, and in the past life, it was discovered by James, an outstanding psychologist in modern times.

The reason why it is called the birdcage effect, its origin is as follows:

In 1907, James made a bet with his friend, the physicist Carlson, that he would let Carlson keep a bird.

Carlsen didn't believe it, and then James gave him a delicate birdcage, which Carlson didn't care about, just thought it was a beautiful artifact.

But after a while, there was a beautiful parrot in the cage.

The day after the publication of this "Birdcage Effect", Li Fan published another article: "The New Hypothesis of Memory Inheritance".

The idea that memory can be inherited from the next generation has already been proven to be wrong, but in this article, "The New Hypothesis of Memory Inheritance," Li Fan reaffirms this idea and speculates on the link between memory and psychology and genetics.

On Thursday, he published "Depression and Physical Health", arguing that depression is not only a psychological disorder, but also a systemic disease! It affects the whole body, especially the body's ability to detoxify. This is also why people with depression are at a higher risk of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc.

On Friday, he published "On the Problem of Bonoboo Double Love...... Well, it was published anyway.

From Monday to Friday, for a total of five days, Li Fan published a research result or prediction in psychology every day.

Netizens understand that this Li Fan is Xiaoqiang who can't be killed, and the more everyone questions his level, the more he keeps publishing works, keeping his mouth shut, not arguing, and only speaking with one work after another.

However, Shuai Li, how can you say that the views and conclusions expressed in your article are correct? Moreover, some of them are still speculation and assumptions.

The doubts of some experts gradually disappeared, because Li Fan's works were published too frequently, and they could not cope with them, after all, reasonable criticism is also based on in-depth research.

But the doubts of netizens continue, netizens do not need in-depth analysis and research, for some of them, it is wrong to have a different concept from themselves.

They also gave Li Fan a new nickname: Dreamer.

Li Fan once thought that he would not be able to take off the hat of a "dreamer" for a while, until next Wednesday, after Li Fan published 10 psychology articles in a row, his turning point appeared.

……

On Wednesday evening, Chris-Bosh, a distinguished psychology professor at Princeton University, returned to Beijing University to begin his three-year teaching assignment.

Back in his office, Professor Cheng put the papers from last semester's exams on his desk and said in broken German, "Guten-Abend, professor!" ）

Chris-Bosh's face was full of astonishment: "Gute-Nacht, professor-Cheng, Ihr-Deutsch-underbar." (Good evening, Professor Cheng, your German is so good!)

Professor Cheng was stunned and said in English, "Let's-communicate-in-English!" ）

Flipping through the pile of final exam papers, Professor Bosh was confused, and Chinese couldn't understand at all, until he inadvertently turned to the English test paper, and his dark blue eyes bloomed with excitement:

"Oh-my-God!ritten-in-English?"

Professor Cheng said that it was written by Li Fan, who was the best-looking male student in the class.

Professor Bosh nodded, saying that he would know who wrote it.

Turning over the entire test paper, from the first glance at the beginning, his dark blue eyes opened wider and brighter.

After reading the entire paper, Professor Bosh took out his mobile phone, dialed the number, but it didn't work, and then he cursed, "Fuck!"

Just when Professor Cheng was stunned, Professor Bosh called a certain office at Princeton University, "Hey, buddy, I-have-an-interesting-project-form-a-student-in-China, do-you-have-any-interest-in-doing-it?" (Hey buddy, I have a Chinese student who has come up with an interesting project, would you be interested in doing it?)

Professor Cheng on the side was stunned for a while, his eyes fell on the bright red 96 points on the test paper, and he was a little uneasy.

[The next two or three days may be unstable.

It seems that I have suddenly entered a period of fatigue, my head does not turn my inspiration, and I am completely powerless to write, and I may be stuck in writing every sentence. I will adjust it as soon as possible, and strive to adjust the state within two or three days, improve the quality, and stabilize the update. 】