Chapter 196: 'Book Burning and Confucianism'

"My current boss is very good to me, although the two of us are closer, but you can't let my sister and me be loyal and righteous at the same time. Pen %Fun %Pavilion www.biquge.info" Zheng Xixi glanced at Wang Yao's embarrassment and chuckled

"It's okay for me to mess with you, but you have to be responsible for me, you don't have confidence in yourself, how can you be responsible for me, and you poach me, I have to have an explanation with our boss, if I don't mix well, it's a shame." ”

Wang Yao laughed twice, "To be determined, to be determined." ”

"Bah, you're still up to date, do you beg me or do I beg you?" Zheng Xixi rolled his eyes at Wang Yao in annoyance.

The car drove to a secluded community in the fourth ring road, parked in a duplex villa, Zheng Xixi took Wang Yao into the villa, and as soon as he entered the door, he could hear the noise and the heavy smell of smoke.

Walking into the villa, Wang Yao almost thought that he had entered a fairyland, and the entire hall was full of smoke.

"Ahem, ahem!" Zheng Xixi was choked and ran over to open the window, "Are you smoking or setting fires?" ”

The villa is elegantly decorated, with a huge sofa in the living room, a solid wood coffee table, which is full of things, materials and food, as well as laptops, ashtrays, and a display screen on the opposite wall showing images.

There were more than a dozen people sitting on the sofa, all middle-aged, only a few young men and women were banging and beating at the small table on the other side, Zhang Yiyan was sitting in the most important place, holding a cigarette in his hand, arguing with the people next to him.

"Come on, come on, let me introduce you to you. Seeing that Wang Yao was coming, Zhang Yiyan stopped his normal cigarette and got up with a smile: "This is the legendary Comrade Wang Yao, Mr. Qigong's beloved apprentice." ”

Everyone else also stood up and greeted Wang Yao, all of them were kind and kind, completely different from the hideous when they quarreled just now.

Greeting these seniors, Zhang Yiyan pulled Wang Yao to sit next to him, and smiled at Zheng Xixi, "Xixi, don't be idle, make tea for Xiao Yao." ”

Zheng Xixi rolled his eyes: "He doesn't drink tea." ”

"Yes, I'll just drink water. Wang Yaohan smiled and took out the water cup from his bag.

"I almost forgot, you're old acquaintances. Zhang Yiyan smiled and said, "Lao Li, put the book together and let Xiao Yao take a look." ”

The middle-aged uncle named Lao Li began to pick up things on the ground and on the coffee table, and finally sorted them out and handed them to Wang Yao.

"You look first. Zhang Yiyan smiled and turned his head to continue to discuss with everyone.

Wang Yao looked at these densely packed copywriting that had been modified, and even Wang Yao's eyesight felt difficult, I really didn't know how the eyes of these middle-aged uncles were so good.

The story of the copywriter is Jing Ke's assassination of Qin, but the history is hollowed out and several characters are recreated, but this story is applied, telling the story of the assassination of Qin Shihuang by the descendants of the Six Kingdoms after the Qin Dynasty unified the Six Kingdoms.

The character of Qin Shi Huang is praised as the first emperor of the ages by the historians, but he has become the first tyrant of the ages in the textbooks, and it may be second only to the tyrant of the Shang Dynasty for many children.

So for many people who are not interested in history, mentioning Qin Shi Huang as a tyrant and a bad guy, this stereotype is deeply ingrained in the minds of many people, after all, this is what is written in textbooks.

But the textbooks also write about his exploits such as the unification of the currency and the unification of the language, the promotion of the law, etc., although only in passing mention.

It can be said that Qin Shi Huang is a very powerful figure who has been misunderstood.

When looking at historical figures, we should have the most basic 'view of history'.

The concept of history, simply put, is to substitute the three most basic backgrounds of the times, the humanistic background and the social background.

Looking at a feudal dynasty, if you use the identity of the communist system of modern people to substitute it, it is a kind of hooligan, because a few years ago the people's wisdom was not opened, and many things cannot be compared.

Human beings have progressed little by little, and have slowly become more perfect under the drive of history, from slavery to constitutional monarchy, and then to modern communism, eliteism, democracy, and so on, there is a long process of development.

Therefore, when looking at historical figures, the first thing to be substituted is this background.

After the end of the Warring States Period, the people of the six countries returned to the Yuan, whether it was by military force or not, so that the lives of the six countries could coexist peacefully, it was an emperor who should do, unifying the currency, writing, law and ethnic integration, this kind of merit, in the context of 2000 years ago, was a huge influence and contribution to China.

Moreover, the centralized power formed by the constitutional monarchy has been used for more than 2,000 years, and this constitutional monarchy is an immature political system in the feudal period, but its significance is indeed far-reaching.

Although the centralization of power has created the class concept of autocracy and autocracy, for an ancient agricultural civilization that needed stability to reproduce, it ensured the stability of the common people, and the unified management and distribution of land made the people lose their mobility, and without mobility, a country can develop steadily.

Because the mobility of the nomads has caused a lot of vicious customs of plunder, and since ancient times, China has been the concept of self-help farming, although life is hard, but at least can survive.

Nowadays, people cannot understand the importance of food, because now because of science and technology and great agronomists like Grandpa Yuan Longping, the output of grain has increased hundreds of times from ancient times to the present, so so that so many people can be fed.

But in ancient times, food was sometimes more valuable than human life, so it was undoubtedly a feat to stabilize the continuous development and reproduction of the country, and in that period, the centralized management model was undoubtedly a feat.

Unified currency, writing, so that the line of the same (code of conduct, moral standards to give provisions), the car on the same track () and so on, to eliminate a certain part of the concept of 'discrimination', so that they are the same people of the same country.

Because of the continuous wars during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the hatred of various countries, the common people also killed each other, but after the reunification, this unnecessary casualty was reduced, so that the common people could live and raise with peace of mind.

And the most important feat of Qin Shi Huang is to build the world-famous Great Wall, although the people are wasted, but because of this city wall, the successive dynasties have been repaired, so that the Central Plains continent has been trampled on by the nomads, and the nomads who beat the autumn wind have been kept out, although the Great Wall has buried tens of millions of bones, but it has also saved the descendants of the Central Plains.

The matter of merit and demerit has never been defined by one-sided words.

Moreover, the most mentioned book burning and pit Confucianism incident, in fact, compared with the burning of books in history, the concept of Confucianism and scholars is blurred in textbooks.

Qin Shi Huang burned books to pit Confucianism, there are books burned, but he burned books in order to unify culture and thought, from the perspective of academic freedom, this is a heinous crime, obliterating the wisdom of the people, but from the perspective of the stable development of a dynasty, this is a must be done, because in such a fragile era when the wisdom of the people has not been opened, multiple ideas will bring about war, because the common people have no knowledge, no basic ability to judge right and wrong.

Moreover, Qin Shi Huang burned some of the popular classics of the hundred schools of thought of the princes, but preserved important classics such as farmers and doctors, and also promoted them, so in this matter, Qin Shi Huang, as an emperor, did his part.

Moreover, it was Prime Minister Li Si who proposed the burning of the book, and Qin Shi Huang only ordered it, which involved the inconsistency of Li Si and Han Feizi's legal concepts.

Another example of book burning at the same time is that Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, and King Huai of Chu made an appointment, and those who entered Xianyang were kings, Liu Bang entered Xianyang first, accepted Qin Ziying's surrender, and took away a large number of jewels from Afang Palace, while Xiao He and Zhang Liang took away a large number of books.

After Xiang Yu came, he not only killed Qin Ziying, who surrendered, but also burned Afang Palace.

It is recorded in the "Historical Records" that after Qin Shi Huang burned, he took the world's books and stored them in the palace, and later Liu Bang entered Xianyang, and Xiao He and Zhang Liang moved out part of the palace classics, that is, in the early Han Dynasty, the classics of the law and thought.

But there are so many books in the world, and if you have to move treasures, you will definitely not hold too many books, so the fire of the overlord Xiang Yu, in addition to burning the Afang Palace, will also really burn the unique classics of the hundreds of schools of thought after the Zhou Dynasty.

Although Xiang Yu only hated the pre-Qin guarantee, in some ways, he was not a qualified wise man and had no respect for culture.

Qin Shi Huang burned books to unify the people's wisdom and make the country stable, but Xiang Yu burned books to vent his anger.

Although from a modern point of view, both approaches are wrong, but they are substituted for the historical view and the influence of later generations, and the judgment is made from high to low.

The matter of pit Confucianism is debatable, because the original translation of the record of "Historical Records" is that Qin Shi Huang sought immortal information and sought immortality, so he raised a lot of monks, among which Xu Fu was the most famous, but there were two people in the same period, one was called Hou Sheng and the other was called Lu Sheng.

Hou Sheng coaxed Qin Shi Huang that there was an elixir in the world, but he did not find it for many years, but instead worked hard and lost money, and was guilty of defrauding the king.

Lu Sheng pretended to be in the name of the Heavenly Divine Stone, saying '**** also', Qin Shi Huang thought that Hu was referring to the Hu people, and in a fit of anger, he waved an army of 300,000 to crusade against Hu to make the capital Xianyang empty, heavy on the outside and light on the inside.

Lu Sheng also persuaded Qin Shi Huang to go slightly to avoid evil ghosts, and if evil ghosts were avoided, he would be a real person, so that Qin Shi Huang was separated from his ministers and had a withdrawn personality. He also instigated some Confucian scholars to criticize Qin Zheng, and was one of the instigators of the "Confucian" bloody case through the ages.

Later, Qin Shi Huang saw that the elixir of immortality had not been refined, and Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng knew that it was a capital crime, so they absconded in fear of the crime, and at the same time, it was rumored that they disguised themselves as Confucian students and escaped.

Qin Shi Huang under the anger began to arrest Confucianism throughout the country, the history of the record of Confucianism is twice, the first time is after Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng left, Qin Shi Huang did not catch the two, caught the Confucian students who were instigated by Lu Sheng to criticize themselves, after torture, a total of 460 people, publicly pitted and killed.

Killing these Confucian students, the first is to vent anger, and the second is to establish authority.