Liang Jianwu glanced at Bao Feiyang, and when he reached Liang Jianwu's level, plus his position was relatively special, he knew more information than Bao Feiyang.

The state began to expand enrollment this year to promote the expansion of the scale of higher education, this decision has been applauded by many ordinary people, and is also taken for granted by many people, but just like the policy that many times later generations take for granted, the decision to expand the scale of higher education and increase the number of students enrolled in colleges and universities has been hugely controversial from the beginning, and after fierce debate, it was introduced.

In the early days of the founding of the country, there were 205 colleges and universities in the mainland, and then after twists and turns, the number of universities in the mainland was only 392 in 1976, and the college entrance examination was resumed in 1977. In particular, in 1983, the head of the reform made a speech on the need for a great development of higher education, and in the following years, the higher education institutions in the mainland ushered in rapid development, with the number of new colleges and universities growing at a rate of 114 every year, reaching 1,016 in 1986.

But in 1986, the then head of the State Education Commission announced that it would control the scale of colleges and universities and no longer build new schools. It should be said that the introduction of this policy decision was still very necessary in response to the excessively rapid expansion of the scale of institutions of higher learning at that time and the chaos of establishing new institutions of higher learning everywhere. After all, colleges and universities are not primary and secondary schools, even if they are primary and secondary schools, building a new school is not just about building a few houses, but also about having qualified teachers and students, rushing to build more than 100 colleges and universities a year, even if it is a junior college, there are several in a province on average, where are there so many professors and teachers?

The Eighth Five-Year Plan formulated at that time proposed that postgraduate education, undergraduate education, and specialized education should basically stabilize the existing scale in the early period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, and that higher education should be appropriately developed according to the needs and possibilities in the later period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan.

After the resumption of the college entrance examination, the number of graduates of China's colleges and universities each year increased rapidly from more than 80,000 in '79 to 393,000 in '86, and after the scale of higher education was controlled in '86, the enrollment scale was no longer expanded, and 620,000 were admitted in '85 and 570,000 in '86, and then remained at around 600,000 for several consecutive years.

During this period, the number of people taking the college entrance examination increased from 1.76 million in 1985 to 2.96 million in '91, an increase of 120 percent over '85 and an increase of nearly 75 percent, but the number of students admitted to colleges and universities did not increase, which also means that the college entrance examination acceptance rate was nearly half lower than that in '85, only 21 percent.

With several years of adjustment and rectification, until the Southern Tour of the Reform Chief in '92, the reform and development of higher education was once again put on the agenda after the 14 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China was convened. Around the time of '93, the 14 th CPC National Congress proposed speeding up reform and actively developing general higher education, and proposed that the scale should be greatly developed, the structure should be more reasonable, the quality should be raised to a higher level, and the efficiency should be markedly improved

Although there was controversy over the development of higher education at that time, the reform of higher education began to be promoted, of which there were two points with the greatest impact, one was to determine the reform of higher education fees, which began in eight or nine years, expanded the pilot project in ninety-four years, and began to be implemented in ninety-seven years.

Another thing is that some colleges and universities started the first major merger, at that time the basic pattern of higher education was a set of the Ministry of Education, a set of industry authorities, and a set of localities, that is, the Ministry of Education managed a part of the universities, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Textiles, the Ministry of Electronics, the Ministry of Petroleum, etc., each managed a part of the universities, and the provinces and municipalities managed a part of the universities. Universities such as those under the industry ministry had distinct professional characteristics at the beginning, but in the process of expanding the scale of higher education in the past, many other majors were opened.

As a result, low-level redundant construction has resulted in narrow majors, single subject categories, poor quality and efficiency in running schools, and small and comprehensive colleges and universities. Therefore, first of all, some localities adjusted the structure of local colleges and universities according to the principle of complementing each other's advantages, and local universities were merged and reorganized by a number of colleges and universities, and later formed the idea of "joint construction, adjustment, cooperation, and merger" of higher education adjustment and reform. In 1998, nine industrial departments were abolished and in 1999 five military industrial corporations were reformed, and 118 ordinary colleges and universities, 106 adult colleges and universities, and hundreds of technical secondary schools and technical schools needed to be adjusted, which was also an important reason for the upsurge of mergers and universities around 2000.

In this wave of college adjustment, the number of students admitted to colleges and universities has also increased to a certain extent, and the number of students enrolled in ordinary colleges and universities in the country increased by 130,000 over the previous year in 92 years, reaching 754,000, 920,000 in 93 years, exceeding 1 million for the first time in 97 years, and reaching 1.08 million in 98 years, with an admission rate of 33.4 percent!

The number of students enrolled in the expansion launched this year has reached 1.6 million, an increase of 520,000 over '98, an increase of nearly 50 percent, and the overall admission rate has exceeded 50 percent in one fell swoop.

In 2000, the number of students admitted to the college entrance examination increased by 610,000 to 2.21 million, in 2001 by 400,000 to 2.6 million, in 2002 it increased by 600,000 to 3.2 million, in 2003 it increased by 620,000 to 3.82 million, and in 2004, In 2005, it increased by about 600,000 people, until 2006, the number of students admitted that year reached 5.3 million, an increase of 260,000 over the previous year, and in the following years, it increased by about 300,000 people every year, and in 2011, it gradually dropped to 200,000 and 100,000 people, and the number of students admitted to colleges and universities exceeded 7 million every year, and the college entrance examination admission rate was close to 80 percent! Both the total number and the admission rate were already very high.

From 1.08 million students in 1998 to 6 million in 2008, the enrollment scale of mainland universities has increased sixfold in 10 years, with an average of 500,000 students per year, which is equivalent to an annual expansion of 100 universities based on the annual enrollment of 5,000 students......

The rapid expansion of the scale of higher education has had a very great impact on the mainland society, and in '98 there was a debate over whether to continue to control the scale of higher education or to expand the scale of higher education.

After taking office, the current government put forward the development strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education has put forward new requirements for the development of higher education.

Since '98, there has been a debate in academic circles and public opinion about whether it is necessary to expand the scale of higher education or not to expand it blindly.

The conservatives believe that the scale of higher education in the mainland is already relatively large, and their theoretical basis is that the number of graduates of the same level in China's colleges and universities has reached 1.61 million every year, including full-time and adult education, and in addition, 260,000 graduates with the same qualifications obtained by self-study examinations, a total of 1.87 million, exceeding the number of university graduates in the United States. This is the data told by a principal official of the Ministry of Education at that time, but there is a problem with this data comparison, that is, the number of American graduates used for comparison is 1.71 million graduates who have been awarded bachelor's degrees and quasi-bachelor's degree graduates, while mainland graduates include undergraduate graduates with degrees, as well as college graduates without degrees, including teaching and self-examination, and if you simply compare the graduates who have obtained bachelor's degrees, there are 1.17 million in the United States and only 430,000 in the mainland, and the gap is still relatively large. When it comes to graduate students, the number of graduate degree recipients in the United States is 12.7 times that of graduate students in the mainland, and the gap is even greater.

The modests also believe that China's current scale of economic development is dominated by a labor-intensive economy, and that there will be no qualitative changes until the first half of the next century; in addition, China has a large population, especially a large number of low-quality people, and great pressure on employment, so it is not appropriate to give up the quantitative advantage of the labor force and blindly compare the quality advantage, so the focus of educational development should be primary and secondary education, with the focus on cultivating various skilled labor and technical personnel.

The modestists also explained that the mainland should not blindly expand the scale of higher education in terms of population structure, the distribution of education funds, the per capita cost of students, the student-teacher ratio, and even the quality of university teachers.

It should be said that part of the reasons of the modeatists are reasonable and pertinent, except for the fact that the scale of China's higher education has become the largest in the world, and the other issues are very objective.

The expansion of college enrollment since Jiujiu has indeed led to some problems that the modeatists are worried about. For example, the expansion of higher education is too fast, but the educational connotation and faculty cannot keep up, and the gold content of college students depreciates rapidly.

In addition, after the expansion of higher education, everyone is only interested in universities, and it is difficult to recruit students in technical schools and vocational schools, and young people go to universities instead of learning technology, resulting in a shortage of skilled workers.

In Bao Feiyang's view, the continuous expansion of the scale of higher education is the only way for the mainland. It is irresponsible to say that the mainland's labor-intensive industries will occupy the majority for a long time, and it also underestimates the potential of the mainland's economic development.

Although it has been 20 years since reform and opening up, just as the great chief said, these 20 years have been like crossing the river by feeling the stones, and the speed of reform can be said to be very fast or very slow, and the changes are indeed very large, but they are still not big enough.

The private economy has become an important part of the national economy, but the dominant position of the public economy has always been emphasized, and it is only recently that the rhetoric has begun to change. This will be the last bastion of the mainland's economic reform, and only after the barriers of ownership will be finally discarded, all the potential of the mainland's economy will be fully stimulated, and the rapid development will be amazing.

From the beginning of the public-owned economy, which did not allow the existence of any non-public economy, to the breaking down of barriers, the division of land into households and household contracting, and then allowing the emergence of self-employed individuals and allowing individuals to contract operations...... Step by step, the restrictions on the non-public economy will be relaxed.

The effect of liberalization is also obvious, and the private economy has developed rapidly.