Chapter 154: Quantum Computers

Sequoia Capital's crazy sale of its shares is naturally to raise funds,100 billion US dollars is not so easy to take out,Another point is that they are going to sell all the industry stocks related to LCD panels,Screens,TV,Display screens and other related industry stocks,These companies will definitely die out after the three-dimensional projection is listed。

Yang Qing returned to Silicon Valley after dealing with Mengqi's affairs, and then spent all his time making quantum chips.

Quantum chip is the most important technology in "how to make a nanoscale CPU", the core of the current electronic computer is the CPU, the computing speed of a CPU depends on the number of tubes he integrates, since the CPU was invented, one of the founders of Intel Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors will double every 18 months to 24 months under the same price, this prediction has lasted for more than half a century.

From the first generation of CPUs with only more than 4,000 transistors to the most common i7 processor has reached 1.8 billion transistors, this number is exponential growth, but with the continuous rise of transistor integration, the number of transistors has slowed down, in 2013 Moore's Law has become invalid, from 18 months to 18 years to 3 years to double, and in 2020 will stop developing.

Now the size of Intel's chips is 14 nanometers, 7 nanometers, and the technology that is being developed is 5 nanometers, so by 2020, the size of the transistor will only be 1 nanometer, and when the size of the transistor is only 1 nanometer, it will reach the atomic level, and it can no longer be small.

At this time, the number of CPUs will be constant, and the speed of the computer will reach the limit.

In response to this foreseeable situation, an alternative solution has emerged, and this alternative is the quantum chip, which is different from the transistor-based silicon chip in that the quantum chip adopts a different architectural approach.

This is called parallel computing.

CPU can only calculate 0 and 1, in the transistor is powered on means 1, no power on means 0, this calculation method is called series computing, that is to say, all the transistors are connected together, the CPU can only run one program at the same time, we now call multi-threading, multi-task is just because the speed of CPU operation is too fast, he is constantly switching in multiple tasks, so it seems that multiple tasks are running at the same time, but in fact only one program can be run at the same time.

It's like a light bulb in series, and this way there's a lot of waste, whether you're calculating 1+1 equals 2 or calculus equations, all the transistors are used, but the smaller the amount of computation, the faster it can be done.

The theory of quantum chips is based on the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, the so-called quantum entanglement is that two particles will affect each other, the shape of one particle will change, and the shape of the other particle will also change, even if the distance between the two particles is very far, even if one is on the earth and the other is on the moon.

The most basic principle of quantum communication released by Yang Qing is also based on quantum entanglement, and the current quantum chip is also based on this theory.

Parallel computing means an exponential increase in computing speed, in quantum chips, transistors are replaced by qubits, each qubit can be calculated independently, now Intel has developed a quantum chip has reached 50 qubits, his performance can be compared with 5,000 i7, this gap is like a person riding a bicycle and another person is driving an airplane, this gap is the gap between heaven and earth.

Quantum chips are the core products of the next generation of computers, and whoever can research out the quantum chips that can really be used for commercial use first will become the overlord of the next era.

Now the world's major semiconductor companies are investing a lot of money in the research of quantum chips, Intel, AMD, IBM, Samsung, Google, Apple, Sony, Texas Instruments, Qualcomm, Siemens, NEC, Toshiba, etc.

Google's latest statement said that it has developed a 72-qubit chip, and it is expected to go out of the laboratory for real mass production.

The reason why these companies invest a lot of money in the research of quantum chips is to compete for quantum supremacy.

Quantum supremacy is the control of the Internet, as long as the quantum chip qubits exceed 2000, then you can ignore all encryption means, the entire Internet will not have any secrets, no matter what kind of encryption means are used, can be forcibly calculated, the reason why it is so strong is because every time he adds a qubit, his computing speed will rise exponentially.

There's a story that describes the computing power of quantum chips very well.

It is said that in ancient times, there was an emperor who fell in love with a game called "Go".

In order to reward the inventor, the emperor asked the inventor: "What reward do you want?"

"Your Majesty, I am deeply honored. The inventor muttered, "My wish is that you reward me with a grain of rice." ”

"Just a grain of rice?" the emperor was surprised.

The inventor said: "Yes, just put one grain of rice on the first grid of the board, two grains of rice on the second square, and double to 4 grains on the third square... And so on, with each square doubling the previous one, until the entire board is filled. That's what I want.

When the emperor heard this, he said very indifferently: "This request is too simple"

Then the Emperor said in a loud voice, "Take out the chessboard and let all of you here witness our agreement." ”

The people of the palace gathered around the chessboard, and the servant of the kitchen brought out a bag of rice, and the inventor opened it with a smile.

"I suggest you go back to the kitchen and get a big bag," the inventor said to the servant.

The people in the palace burst into laughter, mistaking this for sarcasm. Then the inventor began to place rice grains on the chessboard, doubling the number of rice grains with each square.

When the 8 slots in the first row are full, 1... 2。。。 4。。。 8。。。 16。。。 32。。。 64。。。 128 grains of rice, onlookers laughed and pointed.

But when placed in the middle of the second row, the giggling laughter faded away and was replaced by a sound of surprise, because the small pile of rice soon multiplied into a small bag of rice, then multiplied into a medium bag of rice, and then multiplied into a large bag of rice.

By the end of the second row, the emperor knew that he had made a great mistake. He owes the inventor 32,768 grains of rice, and there are still 48 empty squares!

The Emperor terminated the game and summoned the brightest mathematicians in the country. They made calculations and hurriedly calculated on the stone slabs. After a few twists and turns, an incredible conclusion was reached.

A grain of rice multiplies at each grid on a 64-bar chessboard, resulting in 180 billion grains of rice, a total of 10 times the total number of rice grains in the world.

This story is a good illustration of the exponential growth of the computing speed of quantum chips, which is the difference between serial computing and parallel computing, which is not at the same level at all.

Of course, it is not so easy to make a quantum chip, because quantum is very unstable, and the operation of quantum chips must be guaranteed in a very stable environment.

Breaking through the dependence on the environment is an important problem that major enterprises have to solve, and only by solving this problem can quantum chips get out of the laboratory.

In the book "How to make a nanoscale CPU", this problem is solved, and there is a complete process that can directly use the existing semiconductor system to make quantum chips.

"Hahaha" A burst of laughter came out of the basement.

Yang Qing looked at a quantum chip the size of a fingernail in his hand and laughed, after a month of hard work, Yang Qing finally made the first 3000 qubit chip.

The quantum chip made by Yang Qing uses a laboratory method, although it is said that there is a complete production tutorial, but it still fails in the process of production, which can be seen from the table full of superconductor garbage piled up next to the workbench.

Superconductors are the physical carriers of quantum chips, and the reason why they are used is that they can directly connect with the existing semiconductor industry system without building the entire ecosystem from scratch.

From the initial collection of raw materials to the formation of finished products, Yang Qing can directly use the existing semiconductor industry, and the things needed can be directly customized by the manufacturer, which is also an important reason why Yang Qing chose to be in Silicon Valley, where there are too many large and small semiconductor companies, and there is a very complete enterprise system.

In the process of making quantum chips, Yang Qing also figured out the supply chain by the way, which factory can provide what materials, which factory can do primary processing, these situations are recorded in detail by him in a document, which is also preparing for large-scale production in the future.

Yang Qing has no intention of looking for an agent on the quantum chip, of course, because the quantum chip is different from other things, whether it is the quantum base station released before, or the three-dimensional projection, although these are all important, but they only belong to applied technology, and they are only the most basic version, and the quantum chip is the kind of thing that can suppress the national fortune, in the world of the Internet, this is no different from the nuclear bomb, and it can even be said to be more powerful than the nuclear bomb.

"Now it's time to adapt the quantum chip!" Yang Qing said secretly, and then began to adapt the quantum chip.

Although the quantum chip is made, it also needs to adapt to the existing computer system, the most important thing is to transform the motherboard of the computer, the current computer motherboard is based on the traditional CPU, Yang Qing wants to use the quantum chip on the existing computer to design a new motherboard, power supply, memory, and write the most important instruction set.

Time passed day by day, and Yang Qing only had four things to do every day, eating, sleeping, researching, and receiving couriers, all kinds of couriers, and occasionally he had to go to a certain manufacturer and their designer to confirm the final design draft of the customized product.

Two months later

There is a notebook in front of Yang Qing, if you only look at the appearance, this notebook is not much different from an ordinary notebook, but if you open the shell, you will find that the structure inside is completely different from the traditional notebook, this is a new type of architecture designed by Yang Qing.

Yang Qing looked at the quantum notebook in front of him, and his heart was extremely excited: "This is the nuclear weapon on the Internet, no one can stop it!"

Turn on the power, the next moment the screen will light up, there is no movement, the computer is quiet like a stone, but the system has been started, and the matter is completed in a moment.

"Let's try his performance first!" Yang Qing secretly said in his heart, and his hands tapped on the keyboard.

The next moment a database is opened on the screen.

This database was downloaded by Yang Qing from the server of the Penguin Group at that time, which recorded the secret information of all the users of Penguin, and Yang Qing was excited for a long time when he got this database, but then he found out that this database was encrypted, and he couldn't crack it at all, although the data couldn't be cracked, but Yang Qing would definitely not delete such an important thing.

The encrypted data that could not be cracked at that time, and now Yang Qing wants to know how long it can last in front of a quantum computer.

Penguin's database is encrypted by the MD5 algorithm, and it is salted, which theoretically cannot be reversely cracked, but this theory is only based on traditional computers, not quantum computers, and the computing speed of traditional computers If you want to reverse calculate a set of MD5 values, it will take millions of years, who will spend so long to calculate a set of secrets, so it can be regarded as uncrackable.

But MD5 itself is a big algorithm, since it is an algorithm, it can be reversed, and the value that traditional computers need hundreds of years to calculate will only take 1 second to come out in front of quantum computers.

“1256859#43457787867”

“oshi1990&546d34645”

“agnxiaoya999%kdfk89789”

“zhanghhh33#kdkjf389”

“pobolong123*545dfs454”

“……”

"It's too tough!" Yang Qing shouted.

Although he already has a very good understanding of quantum computers, Yang Qing was still shocked by the results in front of him, almost instantaneously, this MD5 encryption, which is claimed to be impossible to reverse crack, was calculated, and the account and password that kept swiping the screen made Yang Qing a little unbelievable, more than 800 million pieces of data, it only took 16 minutes and 32 seconds to completely reverse crack.

Encryption algorithm is the core algorithm of Internet security, whether it is a company or a government, a bank, the encryption algorithm they use is similar to MD5 asymmetric public lock, for example, the algorithm used by the bank is a public algorithm called RSA, although the algorithm is public, but if you want to reverse crack it, it will take millions of years like MD5, and now it only takes 1 second to use a quantum computer, which means that now Yang Qing wants to enter the banking system easily, modify the amount of deposits, and forge a bank account is as simple as breathing, as long as Yang Qing is willing, you can clear everyone's bank account to zero。

"Let's break the dark web now!" Yang Qing shouted, his hands frantically tapping on the keyboard.

The Hidri Intelligence Center is something that Yang Qing must solve, Yang Qing wants to find out who is wanted by himself, Yang Qing had thought about invading the Hidri Intelligence Center before, but he didn't do it, the main reason is that the resources needed are too huge, and it is difficult to break through in a short time, and now with a quantum computer, all Yang Qing needs is to click the start button, and then an IP is displayed.

"Querying the ...... of the region to which 62.210.105.** belongs"

"62.210.105.** is in Paris"