Food one

Those who govern their country well in ancient times and love the people will establish a regular and simple law, so that the upper loves things to support the lower ones, and the lower ones work hard to do the upper ones, and the upper feet and the lower ones will not be sleepy. Therefore, the land is given according to the strength of the people, the property of the land is taken to the public, and the income is measured and the number is used to the degree. It is the three that must be mutually beneficial and cannot be lost, and if one is lost, the second cannot be kept. and tyrants and mediocre lords, indulge their desires, and the reluctant officials obey them, and change the system to win favor with them. Therefore, there is no limit to the above, and the lower is unlimited, and the people are exhausted but cannot be supplied, because the more insufficient the upper and the lower the more difficult, then the wealth and profit are prosperous, and the gathering of ministers is used. "Notes" said: "Rather animal thieves." "The thieves are hateful, but one person is harmful. If the ministers of accumulation are used, the law is often bad, and the disadvantages are not overcome.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, people were given the method of dividing the mouth and the world, and taking the method of rent, yong, and adjustment, and their use was also modest. The number of permanent officers is set up, so the officials are not indiscriminate and easy to lose. Although it is not as prosperous as the three generations, it can also be a regular law. And its disadvantages are also, redundant soldiers and indiscriminate officials, and it is a big beetle. Since Tianbao, the thieves have risen repeatedly, the number of rebellions in Fangzhen, the rise of the military revolution, and the number of degrees can not be saved. With the arrogance of the monarch and the faint of the lord, the traitorous officials and evil ministers, they took a temporary benefit, repeatedly changed their systems, and the law of the regular was wiped out. From the prosperity of financial gains, the ministers of accumulation advance. The land of the cover and the inheritance is merged, and the law of rent, yong, and adjustment is bad and is two taxes. As for salt and iron, transshipment, tuntian, and coating, coinage, seedlings, profits, borrowing, worship, and offerings, everything is done. The more annoying the cover becomes, the more disadvantageous it becomes, so that it dies.

Tang system: the field to step, its width of one step, its length of two hundred and forty steps for the mu, 100 acres for the acre. All the people are born yellow, four years old is young, sixteen is middle, twenty-one is Ding, and sixty is old. Under the system of granting land, those who are 18 years old or older are 10 acres per person, 80 acres are divided into oral shares, and 20 acres are permanent occupations; 40 acres are used for those who are old and sick, and 30 acres are used by widows and concubines, and 20 acres are added to those who are in charge, and 20 acres are regarded as permanent occupations, and the rest are divided into oral occupations. In the field of Yongye, there are several trees with elm, jujube, mulberry and suitable wood. Those who have more fields can be enough for their people are wide townships, and those who are less are narrow townships. Narrow townships grant fields, and widen half of the townships. Its land is thin and thick, and those who change years will receive it twice. Those who change three times in the wide township will not be doubled. For businessmen, the wide township will be halved, and the narrow township will not be given. Those who migrate to their hometowns and are poor and have no burial can sell their land. Those who migrate from narrow townships to wide townships have to sell their mouths and divide their fields. Those who have been sold will not be re-granted. The deceased shall receive it to give it to those who have no land. All awards are given in October. Those who are poor and have servitude. Fantian, the township has more than enough to give to the township, the county has more than the county, and the state has more than enough to give the near state.

Those who grant land, Ding Sui loses two dendrobs of millet and three dendrobs of rice, which is called rent. Ding with the township, the year lost two horses of silk, silk, silk two zhang, Bujia five, three taels of cotton, three catties of hemp, non-silkworm township lost fourteen taels of silver, called the tune. With the power of people, the year is 20 days, the leap is added 2 days, and the day of the non-servant is three feet of silk, which is called mediocre. Those who serve for 25 days are exempt from transfer, and those who serve for 30 days are exempt from rent and transfer. It was only fifty days of service.

From the prince down, there are all Yongye fields. The Empress Dowager, the Empress Dowager, and the Empress are above the linen, the first rank or above of the inner wife, the county king and the grandfather and brother of the fifth rank or above, the ministry and the honorable officer of the third rank or above, if the county male father and son, the son of the country, the Taixue, the students of the four gates, the gentleman, the filial son, the grandson, the righteous husband, and the festival woman are all exempted from military service. Whoever has a class in the main household is a class household. If the old and male are sick, sick, widowed and concubines, tribals, guest girls, slaves and maids, and officials who regard the ninth grade or above, they will not be classed.

Where there are hands, the end of the year with the year of the people and the width of the land, for the township tent. Townships become counties, counties become prefectures, and prefectures become households. There is also an account, and there is a year of service to repay the expenses. The country has a need, and it will be the first to collect. The number of taxes collected is written in the county gates, villages, and known to the public. Fourteen of those who consume water, drought, frost, and locusts shall be exempted from rent; those who have exhausted their mulberry and hemp shall be exempted from their adjustment; those who consume six out of ten fields shall be exempted from rent; and those who consume seven shall be exempted from taxation and service. All newly attached households are exempted from military service in the spring and March, in the summer and in June, and in the autumn and September. Those who migrate to the countryside will be covered by the county, and the household department will be covered when they leave the country, and the officials will reach them in their spare months. There are prohibitions on migrating from the inside of Ki to outside the county, and from Jing County to Yu County. Siyi was reduced to a household, attached to a wide township, and given ten years. The slave and maid are indulged in as lovers and given three years. If there are no foreigners, those who return one year will be given three years, those who have two years will be given four years, and those who have been three years will be given five years. Floating people, tribesmen, guest girls, slaves and maids are attached to the wide township for the good.

In Zhenguan, the grass was taxed at the beginning to give leisure, and the stagecoach had pasture.

Taizong Fang was determined to govern, and the officials took the examination class, and those who were widowed and few entered the examination, such as the method of increasing households, and those who failed to persuade were judged to reduce households. The allocation of rent is poor in the morning and evening, in the risk and in the near distance. Yong, the transfer in August, the hair in September. At the same time, the loser is far away first. All are self-estimated. The state capital is a tribute, and its price depends on the silk up and down, and there are no more than 50 horses. Foreign bodies, tastes, mouths, horses, eagles and dogs, unless there is an edict, there is no offering. If there is an addition, it will be rented on behalf of the tenant. If there is a famine, there will be relief from the social warehouse, and if it is insufficient, the migrants will eat the states. Shangshu Zuo Cheng Dai Xuan suggested: "From the prince down, the land is cultivated, the autumn is ripe, the place is Yicang, and the year is fierce to the people." "Taizong is good, it is an edict: "Two liters of tax per mu, corn, wheat, straw, rice, according to the land." The wide township collects what is planted, and the narrow township supervises it according to the green seedling book. Half of the 14 fields are exempted, and 17 are exempted. Merchants who have no land are considered to be the ninth class of their households, and their millet is inferior from five stones to five buckets. The lower households and the fangs are not taken. If the year is not completed, the people will be given relief, or the loan will be used as a seed, and the loan will be repaid in the autumn. Later, Luo, Xiang, You, Xu, Qi, And, Qin, and Puzhou were placed in the usual position, and Su was hidden for nine years, rice was hidden for five years, and the wet land was wet, and Su was hidden for five years, and rice was hidden for three years, all of which were written in the order.

At the beginning of Zhenguan, the household was less than three million, and the silk was a horse and a bucket of rice. In the fourth year, the rice bucket was four or five dollars, and the people who did not close the outside household were closed for several months, the horses and cattle were wild, the people traveled thousands of miles without food, the people and goods were rested, and the people were subjugated by 1.2 million people. It was a year old, the world was out of prison, and there were twenty-nine capital offenders, known as Taiping. This Gaozu and Taizong's strategy of governance, and its results are so.

Gao Zongchengzhi, Hai Nei Ai'an. Taiwei Changsun Wuji and other auxiliary politicians, the world has not seen immorality. A number of stabbing history into the door, asking the people about their suffering. At the age of his accession, the number of households increased by 150,000. and the Zhongshu ordered Li Yifu and Xu Jingzong to serve both the matter and the service fee. After Yongchun, the benefit is insufficient. In addition to the rebellion after the armed forces, the discipline was greatly bad, and the people were overwhelmed by its poison.

At the beginning of Xuanzong's quest for treatment, the servitudes were given to the apostille, and the officials of Liuwai and Jiupin Beijing were the envoys, and they were sent again. In the eighth year of Kaiyuan, the law was promulgated in the world, good but not fine, evil not indiscriminate, the wide one foot eight inches, the elder four feet. However, the world has not tasted the rise and fall. Lincha Yu Shi Yuwen Rong advice: including foreign envy fields, escapes, self-occupier to give five years, 1,500 tax dollars per ding, to the regent history branch to encompass. Yang Zhai Wei Huangfu wrote a book saying that it was impossible. Xuanzong Fang appointed Rong, but he was degraded to Yingchuan Lieutenant. Zhudao includes more than 800,000 customers, Tian also said yes. The state and county hope to make an imaginary number, with Zhengtian as the envy, the household as the guest, at the end of the year, millions of dollars.

In the sixteenth year, Naizhao was registered at the age of three with the ninth class. And the mediocre adjustment and depreciation of the rent to take the good of China, the state and county magistrates persuaded the weaving, and the Chinese book was inspected to degrade the officials, and the fine people were rewarded. In twenty-two years, men are fifteen and women are thirteen or more to marry. State and county years on the household registration consumption, interviews to make the cover, stabbing history, county order to the most class.

At the beginning, Yonghui banned the buying and selling of the world industry and the division of the field. Later, the rich were merged, and the poor were unemployed, so the buyers were punished for returning the land.

First of all, Yangzhou rented, transferred money, Lingnan to rice, Annan to silk, Yizhou to Luo, , silk, silk for spring color. Because of Zhaojiangnan, it is also rented in cloth.

The Chinese book ordered Li Linfu to use the purpose of renting Yong, Ding Fang, and Harmony, Chuncai, and tax grass as no fixed law, and the year was in line with the purpose, and sent an envoy to make a complaint, costing more than 500,000 yuan. There are many entries, and the question is more than a year, but it is to discuss the reform with the interview of the envoy of the court, for the long line of purpose, to grant the envoy of the court and send the decree to the envoy, the year has a branch, into the painting attached to the post to reach, each state is only two papers.

All mediocre, adjustable, rental, and capital are all at the mercy of the land, and the governors of the prefectures and counties are rude and good, and they are like the upper, middle and lower things in Kyoto. There is indiscriminate evil, and the thing is straight. Twenty-five years, with the river, Huai transport has the river, Luo difficult, and Guanzhong silkworm mulberry is few, corn is often cheap, is the fate of Yong, tune, and the class are all based on rice, the fierce year is happy to lose cloth and silk from it. Henan and the north are not connected to Yunzhou, and the rent is silk, and the customs are in the mean, class, and the edict is reduced and transferred.

Next year, it will be announced that people under the age of three will be yellow, those under the age of 15 will be small, and those under the age of 20 will be medium. In addition, those who have a large number of high-ranking households in the private sector should live separately from their parents in order to avoid conquest, and it is edicted that those who have more than 10 ding will be exempted from 2 ding, and those who have served more than 5 ding will be exempted from forced labor. Tianbao has been in the past three years, and more than 18 people are middle-aged men, and more than 23 are adults. For five years, those who are poor and unable to help themselves will be exempted from 30 rents per township. Men over seventy-five, women over seventy, and one man as a waiter; Eighty or more are engaged in the order form. At that time, the sea was rich, the price of the rice bucket was thirteen, the green and Qi bucket was only three dollars, and the silk horse was two hundred. The road is lined up, with wine and food to wait for pedestrians, and there are post donkeys in the store, and they do not hold rulers for thousands of miles. The world's annual income includes more than 2 million yuan in rental money, more than 1,980,000 yuan of millet, 7.4 million horses of yong and silk tun, more than 180,000 tuns, and more than 1,350,000 pieces of cloth. The Son of Heaven is proud of his pleasure and does not know how to use it, and most of the things he uses often exceed what he enters. So the ministers of Qian Gu began to be momentary. Taifu Qing Yang Chongli sentence stripping baht, there is a lack of damage, the state and county superintendent sends, over the years. His son Shen Jin specializes in Taifu, and the second son Shen knows Jingcang, and he also uses harsh favors. Wang Ji is a household registration envoy, with an annual income of tens of billions of dollars, and those who are not renting a positive amount accumulate hundreds of treasures and a large surplus treasury for the private interests of the Son of Heaven. and An Lushan, Sikong Yang Guozhong thought that the treasury could not be given to the scholars, and sent the imperial Shi Cui Zhong to Taiyuan to pay money to the monks and nuns, and the monks and nuns were only one million yuan a day. Since the fall of the two capitals, the consumption of people and goods has been depleted, and the world has been depressed.

Su Zong ascended the throne, sent Zheng Shuqing and other wealthy merchants from Jianghuai and Shu Han to raise livestock, and collected two out of ten, which was called a rate loan. The provinces also tax merchants to support the army, and those who have a thousand dollars are taxed. Therefore, the Beihai County Records Officers joined the army in the Fifth Qi to see Qiangu, and asked Jianghuai to set up a rent envoy, Wu Yan, Shu hemp, and copper smelting were all taxed, and the city's light goods were transferred to Fengxiang on Jiangling, Xiangyang, and Shangjin Road. Next year, Zheng Shuqing and Prime Minister Pei Mian suggested that if the world is not enough, all the Taoists should summon people to pay money, give empty names to themselves, and confer official honors; Taoist monks and nuns are incalculable; pay hundreds of thousands of dollars and give them the background of the Ming scriptures; and those who help the army should be restored. and two Jingping, and in Guanfu Prefecture, pay money to Taoist monks and nuns. And the people are disabled by the soldiers, the rice bucket is 7,000 dollars, the beard is food, and the people begging belong to the road. It is an edict that can help the poor, and favor the losers.

The story, the wealth of the world belongs to Zuozang, and the Taifu is on the number of times, and the Shangshu is more than the ministry to cover its access. At that time, Jingshi Hao will not be forbidden to take falsely, and the fifth Qi is the salt and iron envoy of the degree, please return to the Great Ying Treasury, for the Son of Heaven to give, and the Lord is a lieutenant. Since the wealth of the world is privately hidden by the king, there is no way to deal with it.

In the first year of Guangde, a household of three Ding was exempted from one Ding, and the tax per mu was two liters, and the men were twenty-five for the Cheng Ding, and fifty-five for the old, so as to benefit the people. And the strong have not been destroyed, and the people's consumption is heavy. and Tubo forced the Beijing Division, tens of thousands of soldiers were stationed near Dian, hundreds of officials entered the money, and led the households to give military rations. In the first year of the Great Calendar, those who returned to the exiles were given two years after the repetition, and the countryside was exhausted, and they were granted to flee the fields. The tax of one mu of seedlings in the world is fifteen, and the city's light goods are given to hundreds of officials. In order to use the country in a hurry, not as good as autumn, Fang Miaoqing is levied, called "Qingmiao money" and "land money", 20 per mu, commonly known as Qingmiao money. He also decreed that the autumn tax of Shangdu was divided into two grades, one bucket of tax per mu of the upper grade, six liters of tax per mu of the lower grade, and two liters of tax per mu of barren land. In the summer, the tax per mu of the upper field is six liters, and the tax per mu of the lower field is four liters; in the autumn, the tax per mu of the upper field is five liters, and the tax per mu of the lower field is three liters; the barren land is the same; the amount of money per mu of green seedlings is doubled, and the money on the land is not in charge.

At the beginning, the transfer made the palm outside, and the degree branch made the palm inside. In the second year of Yongtai, the world's wealth, coinage, Changping, transshipment, salt and iron, and two envoys. The eastern capitals of Jinnei, Henan, Huainan, Jiangdongxi, Hunan, Jingnan, and Shannan Dongdao were led by Liu Yan, and Gyeonggi, Guannai, Hedong, Jiannan, and Shannan West were led by Jingzhaoyin and the Fifth Qi of Juan Duzhi. and Qi depreciated, with the household servant, the judgment of Han Rong and Yan divided the rule.

When he returned to the country, he helped to collect the merits of Xijing, and he married with China, and gave 100,000 horses and more than 100,000 horses in silk. China's financial resources are exhausted, and the price of horses is lost. The six towns of Hehe and Huangzhou have fallen, and 30,000 soldiers have been sent to defend against autumn in the west of Beijing, with more than 1.5 million yuan of grain. And Zhongguan Yu took advantage of his power, and Daizong and Prime Minister Yuan Zai planned day and night. and the court's grace, the emperor and Zaier, the monarch and the ministers guessed that there was disagreement, and the soldiers and food were planned and ignored for decades. The Son of Heaven could not be brought to justice, so he paid attention to the prayers of the shrine, burned coins and jade, wrote the book of Futu, and gave the monks and witches a huge amount of money. However, the emperor is thrifty, and the royal clothes on his body will be dyed again and again, and he wants to be the first in the world. However, on the birth day and the Dragon Boat Festival, the Quartet contributed to tens of millions of people, and they were blessed, and the roads were still extravagant and beautiful to flatter themselves. There are many people who stay in the court, cannot be sent after the years, live in the province, and those who are not enough to be taken in the upper seal, those who have not reported their contributions and those who have not been derelict in their duties, and there are thousands of people who have eaten and died. Dezong ascended the throne, and the prime minister Cui Youfu was used, and those who detained the guests were sent out, and those who were supported by food were sent out, saving thousands of dollars.