Tang Zhongzong has always been influenced by Empress Wei, his daughter Princess Anle, and Empress Wu's old henchman Wu Sansi and others, Zhang Cambodia and Jing Hui and others have been exiled and executed. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

Empress Wei intends to become the second empress, Princess Anle asks to be made the empress dowager, Empress Wei and Princess Anle conspire to poison Tang Zhongzong, Empress Wei set up Li Chongmao, the king of Wen, as the emperor, is for the young emperor, and wants to harm the king Li Dan. Li Dan's son, Li Longji, the king of Linzi, with the assistance of his aunt Princess Taiping, staged a coup d'état in Tanglong, killing Empress Wei, Princess Anle and the remnants of the Wu clan, and supporting Li Dan to restore the throne.

After Ruizong was reinstated, his sister Princess Taiping had a power struggle with the crown prince Li Longji, and Tang Ruizong gave way to Li Longji for Tang Xuanzong. In the following year, Tang Xuanzong gave Princess Taiping to death, and the henchmen were either killed or expelled, ending the political struggle, and the same year was changed to Yuan Kaiyuan.

After eradicating his political enemies, Li Longji began to rectify the maladministration that had been in place since the Wu and Zhou dynasties, politically promoted Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Jiazhen, Zhang Shuo, Li Yuanhong, Du Luo, Han Xiu, Zhang Jiuling, and other virtuous ministers as prime ministers, rectified the rule of corrupt officials, and established an inspection system, streamlined the ranks of bureaucrats, reduced redundant officials, and set up interviews to develop a system of moderation and moderation, which led to an increase in local power; economically, he advocated frugality and suppressed Buddhism, and restored the Yicang system, which had been abandoned since the Wu Zhou Dynasty, and alleviated the problem of fleeing households caused by land annexation and other means.

Militarily, the military system was changed to a recruitment system, and the declining Ma Zheng was revived, and the Yingzhou of Liaoxi was recovered from the Yingzhou Prefecture of Liaoxi that fell to the Khitan during the Wuzhou and Zhou dynasties, and the land of Jiuqu in Hexi given to Tubo during the Tang Ruizong period, and once again subjugated the Khitan, Xi, Murwei, and Yan Ya peoples, and the Western Regions annexed the Great and Small Bolu, and defeated the Turgish, and the Northern Side surrendered to the restored Later Turks, and later supported the Uighurs to annihilate the Later Turks.

Under the governance of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty entered the prosperous era, known as the Kaiyuan Dynasty, which is considered to be the second heyday in Chinese history after Xiaoxuan Zhongxing, and the capital Chang'an City is the largest city in the world and the first large city in the world with a population of more than one million.

After Tang Xuanzong changed the Yuan Tianbao, after a long period of peace, the country was fine, Tang Xuanzong lost the spirit of seeking upward governance, was complacent, began to indulge in pleasure, and asked less about state affairs from then on. After Nayang Yuhuan became a concubine, he indulged in wine even more. Tang Xuanzong appointed Li Linfu, who had a notorious honey-bellied sword, as the prime minister for 18 years, which made the government corrupt, and after Li Linfu's death, Yang Guozhong was the prime minister.

Tang Xuanzong was very happy about his achievements, and for this reason, the border generals often provoked wars against foreign races to invite war exploits. At that time, the military system was changed from the government military system to the conscription system, which combined the jiedu envoys with the soldiers in the military towns, and there was a situation in which the border generals were dedicated to the army. Among them, the Hu people An Lushan is the most significant, An Lushan has a heavy army, taking advantage of the corruption of the Tang Dynasty, the opportunity of military emptiness and Shi Siming launched a rebellion, the rebels invaded the capital Chang'an, known as the Anshi Rebellion.

Tang Xuanzong fled to Chengdu, and the crown prince Li Heng was proclaimed emperor in Lingwu, which was Tang Suzong, and Tang Xuanzong was respected as the emperor from afar. An Lushan proclaimed himself Emperor Dayan, with the year name Shengwu, and it took eight years for the rebellion to be put down.

The Anshi Rebellion greatly damaged the vitality of the Tang Dynasty, and since then it has turned from prosperity to decline. At this time, the system of land equalization had gradually collapsed, the phenomenon of land annexation was becoming more and more serious, and the regulation of rent and yong could not be implemented. After the war, the population of the Kanto region was sharply reduced, a large amount of land was barren, and a situation of feudal towns was divided.

During the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan reformed the salt law and improved the country's financial situation, and Tang Dezong appointed Yang Yan as the prime minister and began to implement the two-tax law, which was divided into summer and autumn and taxed according to the land. Tang Dezong also tried to pacify the domain, but caused Zhu Tao, Li Xilie, and Zhu Zhu to rebel, and as a result, the Fengtian disaster occurred. The war lasted for five years, and although Zhu Jun and Li Xilie were defeated, the Tang Dynasty compromised with the rest of the feudal towns on the condition that the title of king be abolished and the imperial court recognized their local rule, and the situation was further deepened.

Since then, the Tang Dynasty had external troubles such as Tubo, Huifu, and Nanzhao, and there were eunuchs in power, and the power of the forbidden army and even the support of the emperor were determined by the eunuchs.

After the death of Tang Dezong, after the transition stage of Tang Shunzong, and then by Yongzhen Neizen and supported by the eunuchs Tang Xianzong ascended the throne, after he ascended the throne, often read the records of the past dynasties, every time he read the story of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, he admired. Tang Xianzong took the ancestor of the Holy Ming as an example, conscientiously summed up historical experience, paid more attention to the role of the ministers, and dared to appoint capable ministers as prime ministers.

During the fifteen years of Tang Xianzong's reign, he made many political achievements, reformed politically, worked diligently, and worked with one heart and one mind, thus achieving great results in the reduction of the Yuan and feudal domains, and reinvigorating the prestige of the central government, achieving the Zhongxing atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty, and making the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion once unified.

For a long time, there were three emperors of the Tang Dynasty who were highly evaluated, Tang Taizong, Tang Xuanzong, and Tang Xianzong. Tang Xianzong was not able to create a brilliant and prosperous era like Tang Taizong and Tang Xuanzong, but he was able to keep pace with them and compare with them, which also shows that he is unusual.

In the last years of Tang Xianzong, the dispute between the ministers headed by Niu Shengyu and Li Deyu became more and more fierce, which made the eunuchs more powerful, and the Niu Party and the Li Party were in power one after another, which is known as the Niu Li Party Dispute.

Niu monk and child, the word Si Di, the descendant of the Sui Dynasty servant Qi Zhang Gonghong, his grandfather's name is Shao, his father's name is Youjian, and his official position is very low. Niu monks and children are promoted to Jinshi, and new Jinshi must perform the brown ceremony in Taixue, take off their cloth clothes and change their official uniforms.

Mu Zong ascended the throne and awarded Niu Monk and Child as the Imperial History. Niu Seng and Yu thought that the state government prison was slow to adjudicate cases, and many people were wronged and depressed. This administration shook the inside and outside of the imperial court, and all governance became solemn and orderly.

Suzhou assassinated Li Zhichen, sat on the ground and shared the spoils should be executed, Li Zhichen bribed the nobles to re-appeal for him, but the cow monks and children insisted on refusing. Mu Zong summoned him to his face and said: "Although Li Zhichen has been derelict in his duties by transgressing his duties, this person has the talent of the world and the wealth, and he can be appointed to serve in the border guard. ”

Niu Monk and Child replied: "Mortals are not talented, they just hold interests and sit on each other's strengths." The emperor's legislation to restrain the wicked is precisely to protect the talented. An Lushan and Zhu Jun are both of them, they excel with their talents, but they can pollute and confuse the world, not to mention that Li Zhichen is only a small talent, so why humiliate the national law for him?"

After hearing this, Mu Zong praised his law-abiding spirit, worshiped him as a household servant, and took his own official to do things with him.

When Han Hong entered the court and was employed, people spread rumors that his son, Gongwu, accepted his gifts with his family's wealth, generous bribes to powerful people and people favored by the emperor. Soon their father and son died, leaving behind their orphaned grandson who was still young, and Mu Zong was afraid that someone would steal it, so he sent an envoy to his house to check the books of his house.

However, the book recorded a list of all the bribes accepted, except for the official name of the cow monk and child, with a red pen and a note: "On a certain day, a certain year, month, and a certain amount of property was given to the cow waiter, but if he did not accept it, he returned all of it." ”

Mu Zong was very happy after reading the book, and not long after, the courtiers discussed the appointment of the prime minister, and Mu Zong agreed to the nomination of Niu Monk and Child. The affairs of the court are controlled by the evil and the people who are favored by the emperor, and at the same time, the ministers compare with each other and have no intention of asking about politics. Niu monks and children couldn't help this group of villains, and they asked for resignation four times.

Mu Zong said: "After the completion of the suburban sacrifice ceremony, I will let Qing go back." ”

After Mu Zong went to the outskirts of the temple to worship, the Niu monks and children stated their wish to retire on the table, so they set up the Wuchang military quota in Ezhou, and the Niu monks and children were the assassins of Ezhou.

Jiangxia City has scattered customs and poor environment, and it is difficult to build the low walls and high walls of the city. Officials and businessmen colluded and acted in cahoots, and the ills continued for several years. After the arrival of the cow monks and children, a total of more than 100,000 yuan was saved in the cost of Mao, Tomatsu, etc., and an exclusive tax was immediately given to resist the price of Tomatsu. In this way, all the high walls and low walls were repaired, and the silverfish and diseases exploited in the middle were removed.

Li Zongmin is an assistant to the government, and has repeatedly recommended that Niu monks and children are talented, and it is not suitable to live in the periphery. So he was recalled, and the cow monks and children guarded the military department and Tongping Zhangshi.

At this time, Lieutenant Wang Shoucheng was authoritarian, adopted villains, privately discussed and criticized current affairs, and talked nonsense about confidential matters in the court. One day, in the Yanying Palace, facing a number of prime ministers, Wenzong said: "Is there any way to get peace in the world, do you care about this matter?"

Niu Shengyu said: "Weichen and others, waiting for the crime to assist Your Majesty, are incapable of making the society healthy and saving the world, but it is not difficult for the minister to seek peace and prosperity. Nowadays, the four Yi are pacified, so that they will not enter the territory of aggression, and the people will not be displaced; there will be no violent and evil acts at the top, and there will be no resentment at the bottom; there will be no forcible wealth from private individuals, and there will be no congestion and stagnation in public deliberations. Although it can't reach the extreme, it can also be said to be well-off. If Your Majesty asks for anything else from Taiping, it is not something that a minister can do. ”

He told his colleagues in the official ranks: "I am now the prime minister, and the reproaches and demands of the Son of Heaven are so severe, how can I live here for a long time?"

When Li Deyu formed a party and was dictatorial, he would enter the imperial court and take power, and Niu Monk and his children were able to retire because of this. The emperor was not only influenced by the heresies of the left and right, but also anxious to whitewash the peace, and the traitorous villain had a strong intention to spy on him, so he did what he liked and took a two-pronged approach. In a few years, it almost endangered the temple community, and the monks and children of the lone cow were alone, and everything between advance and retreat was in line with the way of heaven.

The morality of the gentry was degraded, the eunuchs took power, and the cow monks and children thought that they were in important positions, and asked for return to other places, but they were repeatedly not allowed, and they were in Huaidian for a total of six years. Niu monks and children's knowledge and courage are far-reaching, and their hearts are outside the event, and they do not care about the details. Later, he returned to Luodu to build a mansion in Quy Nhon. When he served in Huainan, Jiamu strange stones, placed in the courtyard, the museum Qinghua, bamboo and wood secluded. often chanted with the poet Bai Juyi, and since then there has been no enterprising heart.

The emperor enlisted him as the left servant, and he was afraid that the cow monk and the child would back down again, and ordered him to hurry to the Jinque. At this time, it happened that Prince Zhuang Ke had just died, and Niu Monk and Ru talked about the prince, so he sincerely stated the righteousness of father and son, monarch and minister, and the great scriptures of human ethics, which should not be abandoned, otherwise it would be very easy to shake the country. After hearing this, the emperor was moved to tears.

At that time, Zai Fu was a former colleague of Niu Shengyu and never visited his home. The emperor frequently summoned cow monks and children, and he excused himself by contracting foot disease. Restore the position of prime minister, Xiangzhou Thorn History, Shannan Dongdao Jiedu Envoy, and add food to 3,000 households. On the day of the farewell of the last dynasty, the emperor also gave gold and silver ancient artifacts such as goose, scatter, bottle, and ladle, and the envoy conveyed to him: "Qing is a righteous gentleman, and I will give you these ancient artifacts, and Qing will make a short stay for me." ”

Niu Monk and Child replied: "In the Hannan area, after the flood and drought, the displaced people are waiting for me to deal with it, and it is really not suitable to stay longer. So I asked again and again to allow it.

Wuzong ascended the throne, Li Deyu took power, dismissed Niu Monk and Ru's military power, recruited the prince Shaobao, gave the prince and the prince, and gave him the nickname Wenzhen. Li Deyu was the leader of the Li Party in the Niu Li Party Struggle in the Middle Tang Dynasty, because of the party struggle, he was excluded from the imperial court for many years, although he made a lot of contributions in the local area, but was always suppressed.

The Niu Li Party Dispute is a partisan dispute between the Niu Party and the Li Party in the Middle and Tang Dynasties, and the officials of the two factions are fighting each other and quarreling endlessly, starting from the Xianzong period and ending in the Xuanzong period, before and after nearly 40 years. The leaders of the Niu Party were Niu Shengyu, Li Zongmin, and Li Fengji, while the leaders of the Li Party were Li Deyu, Pei Du, and Li Shen.

During the reign of Tang Xianzong, Niu Shengyu and Li Zongmin criticized the government during the scientific examination, and the examiner thought that the two met the selection conditions, so they recommended them to Xianzong. When Prime Minister Li Jifu learned that Niu and Li had exposed his shortcomings, he cried in front of Xianzong, saying that the two had a personal relationship with the examiner.

Xianzong then demoted the examiner, and Niu and Li were not promoted, but the government and the opposition were in an uproar, competing for Niu Monk and others to complain, and condemned Li Jifu for being jealous of the virtuous and energetic. Xianzong had no choice but to demote Li Jifu to the envoy of Huainan Jiedu and serve as another prime minister, and the courtiers were divided into two opposing factions from then on, which was the beginning of the Niu-Li party dispute. However, at that time, Li Deyu and Niu Shengyu had not yet entered the imperial court, so the color of factional struggle was not strong.

After Tang Muzong ascended the throne, he held a jinshi examination, which was presided over by Qian Hui, a figure of the Niu Party, and was accused of favoritism and fraud. Under the confirmation of Li Deyu, who was a bachelor of Hanlin at the time, Qian Hui was demoted, and Li Zongmin was also implicated and degraded to other places. Li Zongmin thinks that Li Deyu is excluded and resentful.

Niu Shengyu was very sympathetic to Li Zongmin, and after that, Niu Shengyu and Li Zongmin formed a faction with officials from the imperial examination, and Li Deyu also formed a faction with officials from the scholar family. When the Bull Party gains power, it will attack the Li Party, and when the Li Party gains power, it will also crowd out the Bull Party, and the two factions will fight openly and covertly.

Tang Wenzong couldn't help but sigh in the face of the party struggle between the two factions: "It is easy to quell the rebellion in the Hebei domain, but it is difficult to quell the party dispute between the DPRK and China." ”

Li Deyu was born in a family of eunuchs, and his grandfather Li Qiyun and father Li Jifu were both famous ministers in the Tang Dynasty. Li Deyu successively served in the six dynasties of Tang Xianzong, Muzong, Jingzong, Wenzong, Wuzong and Xuanzong.

During the Wuzong period, he served as the prime minister for six years, helping Wuzong to pacify the five states of Zelu, solve the Uighur rebellion, eliminate the problem of eunuch arbitrary power, and restrict Buddhism. After Wu Zong's death, the Niu Party gained the upper hand again, and he was relegated to Hainan Island. At that time, Hainan was very remote, not only did he die here, but his sons all died on Hainan Island except for Li Ye.