In 1218 A.D., the Mongolian caravan was robbed by the border generals of the Khorezm country, and this murderous behavior aroused the anger of Genghis Khan, who immediately decided to personally lead the army west to conquer the Khorezm country.

As early as when Genghis Khan stayed in the central capital, the envoys of the Khorezm country came all the way to the central capital. King Mohammad of Khorezm sent this mission to obtain true information from Islamic merchants who had heard that the Song Dynasty was very wealthy at that time and that the Mongols were rising in the East.

At that time, Genghis Khan received the foreign envoys in a friendly manner, and told them clearly: "I, Genghis Khan, am the ruler of the East, and your Mohammad is the ruler of the West, and I hope that we can establish peaceful and friendly relations, and the merchants of the two countries should be allowed to come and go freely." ”

The envoy of Khorezm was very happy when he heard this, and also expressed his hope for friendly exchanges with the Great Mongolian State, and briefed Genghis Khan on the situation of Khorezm. This Khorezm state was located in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River and was a large country in Central Asia at that time. Its territory, bounded by the Syr Darya River to the northeast, the Indus River to the southeast, the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea to the north, Azerbaijan to the northwest, Baghdad to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south, occupies almost all of Central Asia.

Khorezm means low and flat land in Persian, and the ancient Chinese called it Huoxun, Cargo Profit Ximi, Fire Word Mi, etc.; in Xuanzang's "Records of the Western Regions", it was called Cargo Profit Ximiga, and the Mongols called it Sarta Wul. Sarta means merchant, and the Ules have the characteristics of a mixed Iranian and Turkish people, and the country has a large number of merchants, as well as agriculture and animal husbandry.

As early as the seventh century, Muhammad the Arab founded Islam and unified the Arab world. After his death, the elected heir was called the caliphate, which means acting on behalf of the heavens, so the caliph is the head of state and the supreme head of Islam. The caliph reigns over the Islamic kingdoms, and when the kings succeed to the throne, they must be canonized by the caliphs. As a result, the descendants killed each other in order to compete for the leader, and civil strife continued, and in order to maintain his position, the caliph attached great importance to the army, but was often held hostage by the generals who led the troops.

At the beginning of the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks from the Gilles steppe of Central Asia arose, and in the name of supporting the caliphate, they eliminated Afghanistan, Persia and other countries in Central Asia, and reunited the Eastern Arab Empire. The caliph saw the Seljuks as his savior and made his chieftain Togru sultan.

The original meaning of sultan is regent or secular lord, and because it has been used for a long time, especially after the caliphate, it gradually has the meaning of ****, so some people translate it as king, or emperor. The Seljuks called the shots in the name of the Sultan, and the Caliph remained a puppet, known as the Seljuks.

The founding king of Khorezm was originally a court slave of the Seljuk Sultan, named Nash Tijin, who was crowned king of Khorezm because of his repeated military exploits. Khorezm, which was both the capital and the name of the country, occupied only a small area between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea in the lower reaches of the Kom River.

Khorezm had long been subservient to the Western Liao, and it was not until the fifth generation of Na Lost Jin, Sun Tahashi, that the country gradually became stronger. The Seljuk dynasty was in decline at that time, and Nasir took over as caliph, and like the previous caliphs, he also wanted to restore power, so he instigated the kingdom of Khorezm to attack the Seljuks, and finally destroyed the Seljuk dynasty.

Tahash then returned the conquered provinces to the caliph, and Nasir made Tahash the supreme ruler of the eastern part of the empire, but not sultan. Tahash died, and his son Mohammad succeeded him as king of Khorezm. Soon after he came to power, he began to conquer and conquer many neighboring countries, bringing the kingdom of Khorezm into its heyday.

At this time, Qu Zhulu, the son of the original barbarian king Sun Khan, had usurped the throne of Western Liao and became the king of Western Liao, which made Genghis Khan restless. He told Yelu Chucai about the situation, wanting to hear the opinion of the university scholar, and by the way, to test his ability to analyze and judge problems.

After hearing this, Yelu Chucai thought for a while and said: "Qu Qu Lu is the old enemy of the Great Khan, and it is difficult to become a friend, so let's treat it in the same way as an enemy." As for Khorezm, which had no grudges or enmity with Mongolia, why not form an alliance with it? We must not allow it to unite with Western Liao and become a friend of our enemies. ”

Genghis Khan laughed and said, "You mean that they are beaten and pulled and treated differently, right?"

"The Great Khan knows better than me that Khorezm has a vast country, rich in products, a large population, and exquisite products, and can trade with it, so why make enemies with it?"

"Okay, this opinion is very good, and those who can make friends must not let it become an enemy, and they must fight Qu Julu to the end. ”

Yelu Chucai put forward a new suggestion: "From the geographical point of view, from Mongolia to Khorezm, the middle passage is blocked by the Western Liao, which is a serious obstacle to the communication between the two countries.

Genghis Khan couldn't help but say approvingly: "This is really the same as a hero's vision, your suggestion has been buried in my heart for a long time, this Western Liao country is like a stumbling block, blocking our road to the West, only by removing this stumbling block, our Mongolians can trade with the West be free and convenient." ”

The day after the two men talked, Genghis Khan immediately sent Mahmud the Khorezm and Ali Huozhi of the Khwarazm, as well as the Yusufu and Choha of the Khwarazm as envoys, carrying Genghis Khan's letters, a piece of gold the size of a hump, and many expensive woolen textiles, to the king of Khorezm, Mohammed, as a return visit to the country.

Soon after, when the Mongol delegation came to Khorezm, the head of the mission, Mahmud, handed Genghis Khan's letter to Mohammad and greeted him on behalf of Genghis Khan, saying: "I know that your country is powerful, that you rule over a vast land, and that you govern a large number of people, and that I am willing to reconcile with you, and I will treat you as if you were a beloved son." Perhaps you have known that I have conquered the land of the Central Plains, and you must also know that our army is like a crowd of ants, and the wealth is like a silver mine, and there is really no need to covet other people's territories. All I want is for the benefit of all of our subjects to trade with each other. ”

After hearing this, Mohammed said unhappily: "Since the two countries are on good terms, they should be on an equal footing, and the kings of the two countries are also equal brothers, why does your Genghis Khan regard me as his son?"

Mahmud immediately explained: "In our Mongolia, the elders always regard themselves as fathers to the young, indicating a more intimate relationship and a more sincere affection, and our Great Khan is over half a hundred years old, and the King, you are not yet forty years old. ”

Mohammad still couldn't figure it out, and said, "Your Mongolian customs cannot be applied to my Khorezm country, and if they are imposed on us, won't they bully me to be young?"

Mahmud then explained: "In fact, the practice of respecting the old and loving the young is a common trait in the world, is not the case in your country? ”

At this time, several ministers of Khorezm also came to persuade him, and Mohammed stopped talking and accepted it.

Mahmoud took the opportunity to say: "The eternal alliance between Mongolia and Khorezm is a blessing for the people of the two countries and a major event in the lives of the two countries. From now on, the peoples of the two countries can communicate with each other, and in order to ensure the security of trade and trade, we should establish peaceful and friendly relations and conclude an alliance as a sign of solemnity. ”

Mohammed was reorganizing his troops in the country to attack Baghdad, and he had no time to look eastward for a while, and wanted to use the power of Mongolia to contain the Western Liao, so as to relieve his worries, so he accepted Genghis Khan's suggestion, and the two sides immediately signed a peace treaty, establishing a good-neighborly and friendly relationship between the two countries that coexisted peacefully.

However, Mohammed summoned Mahmud alone at night, and wooed him and said: "You are a native of my Khwarazm, and you should not bend your elbows outward, but after these two days of contact, I have seen that you are loyal and reliable, and if you have not forgotten that you are a Khwarazm, you should serve your country more." ”

"It is precisely because I have not forgotten that I am a native of Khorezm that I have worked hard to bring about a friendly relationship between the two countries, and that there will be no war for generations," Mahmoud said. ”

After hearing this, King Mohammed pointed to the bright moon outside the window and said, "The bright moon is empty tonight, and you must not be rewarded." ”

After three rounds of drinking, the king asked with a smile: "It is said that the Mongolian cavalry is extremely powerful and invincible, I wonder how many cavalry you have?"

It was inconvenient for Mahmud to speak directly, so he had to say: "The king has many generals, how can the Mongol cavalry compare with the king's army?"

Seeing that he couldn't find anything famous, Mohammed said again: "I heard that Genghis Khan had four children, and there were beautiful women in them, and he said that there were four hundred concubines, is this true?"

Mahmud said: "What's so strange about this? The emperor of the Central Plains, there are 3,000 beauties in the harem. ”

At this time, Mohammed took advantage of the wine and said, "Since you are admiring the moon, how can you have wine without singing and dancing?" After speaking, he shouted outside the door: "Song and dance!"

The words did not fall, only to hear a sound of footsteps, first came in a team of girls holding various musical instruments, with a melodious music sounded, a team of curvy girls, stepping on fine dance steps, singing and dancing, floating in.

The maidens who played the harp and danced, all fourteen or fifteen years old, with flower-like countenances, and silk garments like silkworm wings, their slender figures, and many of the wonders of their bodies, were all clearly revealed, and they sang those vulgar and gaudy songs as if they were singing them, and from time to time seducing Mahmud with evil eyes.

Mohammad smiled and pointed at the singers and said, "How's that? They are much more attractive than Mongolian women, aren't they?"

Mahmud replied, "These songs and dances are really playing to me on the harp." ”

Mohammed immediately exclaimed, "Don't jump!"

Then the sound of the piano and the singing stopped abruptly, and he beckoned to the beautiful maidens like flowers, and they immediately rushed to the two of them like butterflies, and looked at them affectionately.

Mohammed pointed to the flower-like girls in front of him and said, "Take your pick, three or five, they are all young girls." ”