The Mongol Empire was an empire that spanned Europe and Asia, and it was also the most extensive country in history. During the reign of Möngke Khan, the territory reached its peak at about 33 million square kilometers, but a year later the civil war triggered by the death of Möngke Khan led to the disintegration of the empire.

The Mongol Empire was founded by the Mongol Temujin on the banks of the Troubled River, and the state name was the Great Mongolian State. Temujin conquered the various tribes of the Mongolian plateau, and the Mongwu kingdom, which consisted of the two major tribes of Tatar, Taichiu, Mirqi, Naiman, Kereh, Wangubu, and Eiren and Dierejin, began to bear the title of Genghis Khan.

After the establishment of the Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan began to conquer the Western Xia, Jin Dynasty, Western Liao, Khorezm and other countries, and his successor went through two large-scale expeditions to the west, and by the time of Möngke's death, he had occupied a vast area including the Mongolian Plateau, Northwest China, Southwest China, Northeast China, North China, Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe.

Genghis Khan's first western expedition wiped out Western Liao, Khorezm, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, and crossed the Caucasus Mountains to defeat the Kipchak tribes.

The Second Western Expedition was launched during the reign of Ögedai Khan, with Batu as the commander, and successively conquered Volga Bulgaria, the Kama Turkic State of the Bulgarians, and Kievan Rus', and then destroyed Kievan Rus' in the Eastern European Plain, and then defeated the Kingdom of Poland and the Holy Roman Empire, Bohemia and the Czech Republic, Moravia and Slovakia, and the Archduchy of Austria, defeated the Kingdom of Hungary, defeated the Second Bulgarian Empire, and reached Dalmatia in the Republic of Venice in Italy at that time. Lashka in the former Yugoslav region.

The Third Western Expedition was under the reign of Möngke Khan, led by Hülegü, who destroyed the Murayi, the Abbasid Dynasty, and the Ayyubid Dynasty in Syria, Syria was briefly occupied by the Mongol army, and later expelled from Syria by the emerging Mamluk Dynasty, and the Mongol Empire annexed more than 40 countries in the three Western Expeditions.

The Mongol Empire split after the battle between Kublai Khan and Ali Buge, and although Kublai Khan defeated Ali Buge in the end, the fiefdom of the Empress of Chuchi, the fief of the Empress of Chagatai, the fief of the Empress of Ogedai, and the fief of Hulegu, the brother of Kublai Khan, which originally belonged to the Great Mongol State, achieved de facto independence and became the four khanates of the northwest.

Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to Dayuan, established the Yuan Dynasty in China, and subsequently eliminated the Southern Song Dynasty. From then on, the Yuan Dynasty controlled most of present-day China and the Mongolian Plateau. Coexisting with the Yuan Dynasty also ruled Central Asia, West Asia, Eastern Europe and other places, in fact, in the independent status of the Mongolian four khanates, the Kipchak Khanate, the Chagatai Khanate, the Ogedai Khanate, the Ilkhanate, the four khanates and the Yuan Dynasty did not belong to each other, wars continued, until the Yuan Chengzong period reaffirmed the Yuan Dynasty emperor as the suzerainty of the Great Khan, after which the territory of the four khanates has undergone evolution.

The last emperor of the dynasty, Yuan Huizong, was expelled from the Central Plains by Zhu Yuanzhang, who established the Ming Dynasty, and was known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty in history. The Northern Yuan Dynasty was destroyed, and the Ming Dynasty coexisted with the Mongol Chagatai Khanate and the Kipchak Khanate and other minor khanates for a long time, until the fall of the main Mongol khanate in the 17th century.

The name of Mongolia was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, in the area north of the Wuyue River, west to the vicinity of Kulunbo, east to Nahe, and north to Heilongjiang, there were many, many large and small tribes collectively known as Murowei. One of these tribes was a large tribe called the Mughul Murwei, who lived north of the present-day Great Khing'an Mountains and south of the lower reaches of the Ergun River, and in the thirteenth century the Mongols themselves still called their ancestral home Ergunakun.

The various tribes of Murowei were originally engaged in fishing and hunting. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, he began to cross the Great Khing'an Mountains to the western grasslands, and gradually became accustomed to nomadism. With the reproduction of the tribe, the territory occupied gradually expanded, and one gradually reached the Buerken Mountain, the source of the three rivers, and Genghis Khan's Qiyan Department belonged to this part.

Genghis Khan's ancestors were the heavenly born Porti China-the pale wolf and his wife, the Khoe Majal, the miserable white deer. They crossed the water of Tengjisi and came to Mount Burhan, which is located at the source of the river of Tsuna, and had a son named Bhata Chihan. More than 400 years before Genghis Khan's birth, there was a chieftain of the Mughul tribe named Hohe Mozhigen, who still lived in Ergupin Kun.

One day, the chief's eldest son, Chaolu Mozhigen, and his daughter-in-law, Nomin Huoa, carried their son, who was not yet a year old, and went out hunting with a few hunters. When they arrived in the woods by the Menggo River, they settled the children and sent a few hunters out to hunt, and the couple prepared to gather firewood for cooking. While picking wild vegetables, Nomin Huoa was bitten to death by a fierce tiger. Hearing Nomin's scream, he ran quickly towards Rumozhigen not far away, and was killed by the tiger before he could fight with it.

In the evening, the child placed under the tree was so hungry that he cried loudly, and the cry attracted a she-wolf. The she-wolf stepped forward, looked around the child repeatedly, sniffed around, and carried him into a cave halfway up the mountain. This cave is a den for the she-wolf, whose cubs have just been eaten by other animals, and her milk is unbearably swollen. At this time, the wolf's motherhood was aroused, and she fed him with full milk. Under the feeding of the she-wolf, the child gradually grew up, and the she-wolf and the child also developed feelings and took care of each other.

The man who had come out to hunt went back and told the chief that his eldest son, daughter-in-law, and children were gone, and that only relics had been found, and blood stains and tiger footprints had been seen. In desperation, the chief immediately led his men to the bank of the Menggo River to look for the child, and after nine days and nine nights, he still did not find it, and returned to the garrison disappointed.

One night a few years later, Huhe Mo Rigen, who was sitting in the immortal pillar, was in a state of confusion. At this moment, Shaman Locke came in quietly and said to him, "Honorable chief, I had just finished my prayer and divination, when a golden light suddenly flashed in front of my eyes, shooting into the immortal pillar. I have never encountered this kind of strange phenomenon, and I feel that the Immortal Heaven is going to give you a noble gift, there must be divine help, and tomorrow the hunt will definitely have a very big harvest. ”

The next day, before dawn, the chief and his second son, Hulcha Mozhigen, organized their men into the valley to hunt. The hunting encirclement is getting smaller and smaller, roe deer, wild deer, wolves, bears, tigers and leopards, you name it. Suddenly, a she-wolf escaped from the hunting circle like a fly, and looked back as she ran. The chief was astonished, and sensed that something was wrong, and he led his men in quick pursuit, and after chasing several hills, he came to the foot of a mountain, and the she-wolf suddenly ran into a cave halfway up the mountainside.

After a while, the she-wolf came out of the hole, followed by a boy with long hair, thick eyebrows and big eyes, a half-curved upper body, and no cover on his body. The she-wolf was neither afraid nor walked away, clinging to the child, from time to time licking the boy's cheek with her tongue. The child, on the contrary, looked at the crowd in horror, hugged the she-wolf by the neck, and let out a low howl like a wolf.

The chief drew closer and closer, and saw that the child's cheeks were similar to those of his long-lost eldest son, Chaolu Mozhigen, and that the eyes were similar to those of his daughter-in-law, Nominhu. The chief had no doubts, and walked over and picked up the child. He suddenly noticed a thumb-sized bruise on the child's lower back, a mark that he had long been familiar with and deeply imprinted in his heart.

The chief hugged his grandson tightly, tears welled up, and he wept bitterly, and all the people present also burst into tears. The she-wolf on the side also seemed to understand human will, leaning against the chief's side, and wailing in a low voice. The chieftain did not know what to say, but he looked at the she-wolf in a friendly and grateful manner, stroked the she-wolf from time to time, and immediately ordered his subordinates to pile up the prey they had brought to the mouth of the cave, thanking the she-wolf for her kindness to her grandson.

He then ordered the cave to be called the Mongol Cave, and declared that no tribesmen would be allowed to hunt in the valley in the future, let alone hunt wolves. He passed by here on every hunt and kept the animals he hunted in caves.

When the chief returned, he named his grandson the Wolf of the Pale Wolf and trained him with all his might, teaching him how to talk and walk, how to hunt, how to identify the stars, how to ski, how to follow the rules of the tribe, and so on. As she grew up, she was physically strong and powerful, and she was able to climb mountains and rocks, and shoot arrows. It was also a habit that whenever he heard the wolf howling in the valley at night, he would run out as fast as he could, and he would follow the wolf howl, sometimes running far, far away, and not coming back for a long time, and even when he came back, he burst into tears. He hadn't forgotten the wolf mother, who often came to see him.

After a few decades, the chieftain felt that he was getting old, and he proposed that Polti China succeed him as the new chief of the tribe, and the elders and warriors of the tribe unanimously agreed. It was a young man named Pinkun, who lived in the tribe of the Nernyne Valley, who said: "We can't break the rules and let someone be the new chieftain at will, we should try it, I would like to compete with him, and whoever wins will be the new chief." ”

The chief agreed, stood up and said, "There is a white reindeer in the Montgol Mountains, and every time it hunts, it escapes from the hunting enclosure. Today the two of you will go into the mountains and hunt the white reindeer within ten days, and whoever can hunt them will be the new chief. ”

They grew up playing together, and when they grew up, they often went out hunting together, and they had a high prestige among the tribe. The next day, the two of them entered the primeval forest and went their separate ways to look for the white reindeer. On the ninth day, no one saw the white reindeer, and the two came together on this day.

The brothers greeted each other and told each other about their search for the white reindeer, but neither of them saw the white reindeer. At this moment, a white shadow suddenly flashed in the woods in front of him, and it was a white deer when he looked closely. Unable to prepare their horses, they boarded their wild boar skis and went down the hill in the direction of the white deer's gallop. After crossing a few mountains, Jian Kun began to be unable to run, but Pol Ert Chi Na still went forward, chasing after him relentlessly, without any sense of fatigue.

Purti China followed the white deer's trails, and when it reached a bend in the middle reaches of the Mongol River, the white deer disappeared. He continued to follow the footprints left by the white deer in the snow, and suddenly a beautiful girl flashed in front of him.

I saw wearing a snow-white leather jacket and a snow-white round hat, curled up quietly under a big tree, her body shivering from the cold, and her expression showed fear and a sense of help, as if he was the only one in this world who could save her. He took off his coat and put it on the girl, picked her up gently, and said to her, "You are a divine deer given to me by the Immortal Heaven, and I will call you a white deer, please be my wife." The girl nodded.

On the way back, the three of them returned to the camp of the Ergune Kun tribe. People call the place where you find the place where you find the Khoe Mahal by the Qiyan River as the Makal Ara, which means White Deer Island.