Wei Zhenxue still thinks that the girls in the biology department are very good. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

Not only did Wang Xiaoyun and Grace feed the rats and mice lovingly every day, but Tan Min, the experimental assistant recruited in the later stage, also worked tirelessly to take care of them.

If Wei Zhenxue's vocabulary were a little richer, he would definitely use "love" to describe the scene here.

In addition, Grace also persuaded Yang Rui to order another batch of pigeons and suitable pigeon cages to keep in the yard next door. The two small courtyards are separated from each other and form a corner of the breeding yard.

Yang Rui rarely goes to the yard where rats, mice and pigeons are raised, and when it comes to his position, he usually only needs to make a plan, Yang Rui can choose the work he wants to do, and refuse the work he doesn't want to do, which is also one of the advantages of having his own laboratory.

However, although he rarely went to the breeding home, Yang Rui still established the 3R principle in the form of a system, as the guiding direction of the first animal experiment of Sinovel laboratory and subsequent animal experiments.

In addition, Yang Rui also wrote the 3R principle into a slogan, painted it on the wall of the breeding home, and even on every lock of the breeding home, it was painted with the yellow font of 3R.

The 3R is an abbreviation for reduction, replacement, and refinement. Reduction refers to the use of fewer animals in scientific research to obtain the same or more experimental data, and in general, the minimum number of animals used should be sufficient to achieve the purpose of the experiment, and the minimum number of animals not used in excess of what is necessary to obtain meaningful experimental results for reasons such as time saving or personal convenience.

Substitution and optimization are more demanding, with the former requiring the use of alternative methods to replace animal experiments whenever possible, and the latter improving and refining experimental procedures to reduce and reduce pain and injury caused by experimental animals, in short, to improve animal welfare.

This is a theory that has existed in 59 years, but in the 70s, the world's major developed countries gradually popularized, such as China, a third world country, but it has not yet been widely involved.

Although there are researchers who oppose the 3R principle, Yang Rui himself is not among them, and he is willing to support the moral status of animals under the conditions he can.

As the boss of the laboratory, Yang Rui decided on the animal principle of 3R, and Wei Zhenxue, Huang Mao, Li Wenqiang and others must implement it.

In fact, there is no need for them to object, the 3R principle is only to reduce the harm of animals in the process of animal experiments, not to interfere with experiments.

Of course, in order to use the minimum number of mice, all participants in the experiment must make careful and reasonable preparations before the experiment, analyze the experimental data, and do more statistical analysis to make sure that there will be no statistical difference in this number of experiments.

This naturally takes more effort and time than ordinary experiments, but Yang Rui thinks it's still worth it. As a biologist, Yang Rui supports the moral status of animals, that is, if a life is sentient, then it has a moral status.

Compared with Wei Zhenxue, Huang Mao and others' compliance, and focusing on the reduction, Grace has further improved to optimization.

In order to conform to the living habits of mice and mice, she changed the feeding time to night, and she strictly regulated the light control of the breeding yard, requiring the keepers not to turn on the lights even at night, so as not to affect the life of rats and mice.

The living space of the mice and the rats has also been changed because of Grace, and at her insistence, the workload of the nursery has at least doubled.

But in fact, it is dozens of dollars more a month, and the cost of hiring an extra scientific researcher.

After a few days of equilibrium period, Yang Rui's assistant Comrade Wei Zhenxue, under the guidance of Grace, selected 55 mice, rats and 11 pigeons, did a simple physical examination, such as weight measurement, etc., and began to add iron through food.

After a few days, mice, rats and pigeons infected with iron entered a state of iron poisoning.

Grace explained to Yang Rui and immediately began grouping and administering the medicine, which was tantamount to depriving Van Lunding of the only bit of work value.

As an assistant, Wei Zhenxue naturally wanted to actively participate, but he was not too accustomed to mice, so he came to the breeding house and asked, "Can I be in charge of pigeons?"

Grace and Wang Xiaoyun's eyes were a little strange.

Wang Xiaoyun asked, "Are you sure that one person is in charge of the pigeons?"

"I know that the number of pigeons is relatively small, but the pigeons are relatively large, I'll feed the pigeons, you two and Tan Min feed the mice, on average, the number is about the same?"

"Tan Min wants to feed the healthy mice over there, but if you are willing to take care of the pigeons alone, the two of us can also take care of the mice and the rats. Wang Xiaoyun said humbly.

"Really, don't worry, I'll feed the pigeons. ”

"It's the pigeon in charge. ”

"Yes, yes, yes, it's the pigeons in charge. Wei Zhenxue smiled.

Several people were evenly distributed, and under the guidance of Grace, they began to feed deferiprone oral agents made of different active substances, and made detailed records.

The oral dose is based on body weight, and mice, rats and pigeons can basically get similar doses.

All these experimental animals were also mentioned in the auxiliary laboratory, so that other researchers, including Yang Rui, could observe the specific situation.

The purpose of the whole animal experiment is to observe whether there are serious drug reactions, such as severe allergies, teratogenicity or even death, then the drugs made of this active substance are basically eliminated.

At least two or three percent of new drugs have been suspended in the animal testing stage.

A drug that cannot pass animal testing must not be given to people, that is, the drug is not eligible for clinical testing at all. In fact, there is a problem here, for example, for the same allergic reaction, animals and humans may get different things, so the drugs that animals are allergic to may not be allergic.

However, few pharmaceutical companies analyze the problem in this way. Some medicinal chemists don't even bother to screen for the cause of allergies, because the judicial proceedings in Europe and the United States are too active, and if there is a problem with animal experiments and they insist on doing clinical trials, the amount of compensation will be a big headache for any pharmaceutical company.

Under the system of jurors and punitive fines, some pharmaceutical companies will receive huge fines even if they have done nothing wrong, so raising the corporate standard is a wise choice for century-old enterprises.

Although some drugs that could have treated important diseases were rejected in this social situation, European and American countries still stubbornly insisted on their drug censorship system.

In contrast, it is much easier for Chinese pharmaceutical companies to survive, at least for things like proprietary Chinese medicines, which can still easily enter hospitals and pharmacies and generate a lot of revenue.

However, the cost of modern pharmaceutical development is not affordable by the Chinese market, and deferiprone can only recover the principal if it is listed abroad.

If you want to sell the patent for ferridone, you must naturally show the expectation of profit.

Even Grace understands the logic behind it, she doesn't care about money herself, but she knows the importance of money in the pharmaceutical industry.

If there is really an infinite amount of money invested in pharmaceutical companies, although it will not make human beings forever disease-free and immortal, it is still possible to solve the disease suffering of 90% of the world's people and extend the average life expectancy of 90% of modern people in a few decades.

It's a pity that there isn't so much evil money in the world.

Since the beginning of animal experiments, Grace has retired from the hotel room and lived in the guest room of the Sinovel laboratory, where she observes, cares for and records the experimental process every day.

A week later, two active substances developed drug allergy and liver dysfunction, respectively, and were forced to withdraw from the screening.

Then, the pigeon in charge of Wei Zhenxue also began to have an adverse reaction - vomiting.

Seeing a large amount of vomit appear in the pigeon cage, Wei Zhenxue wanted to cry without tears, and complained while cleaning: "Why did the pigeon in charge of me vomit? ”

"Because mice don't vomit. Wang Xiaoyun behaved very innocently.

Wei Zhenxue, a chemistry major, was a little dazed: "What does it mean not to vomit?"

"There is a septum between the two stomachs of the rat, and this diaphragm muscle is unable to burp or vomit. So, rats don't vomit. Wang Xiaoyun explained very seriously.

"Is there really an animal that can't vomit?" Wei Zhenxue didn't believe.

"Rats, rabbits, horses, and guinea pigs don't vomit, so they are easily poisoned, and guinea pigs are not sensitive to vomiting. Wang Xiaoyun paused, as if giving a lecture, and continued: "Pigeons, domestic dogs, monkeys and cats are sensitive to vomiting, so they are suitable for vomiting experiments. ”

Wei Zhenxue was stunned for a moment, slowly turned his head, looked at the messy pigeon cage, and said hesitantly: "What do you mean......"

"For drugs, vomiting reaction is a mandatory item, so each active substance must ultimately determine whether it will cause vomiting reaction. Wang Xiaoyun patted Wei Zhenxue's shoulder and said, "Please be responsible for the pigeons." ”

……