After the Later Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong destroyed the Later Liang, the capital was set in Luoyang, at this time the three towns of Hebei had been pacified, and the national strength of the Later Tang Dynasty was strong. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 After Li Maozhen's death, Li Jiqi, the eldest son of Later Tang Zhuangzong, served as the envoy of Fengxiang Jiedu and officially annexed Qiguo.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the former Shu king paid attention to agriculture and water conservancy, which made the former Shu very strong economically and militarily. But after Wang Jian's death, his son Wang Yan was extravagant, brutal and mediocre. Later, the Tang Zhuang sect sent Guo Chongtao and Wei King Li Jiqi to lead an army into Chengdu, Wang Yan surrendered, and Qianshu perished.

The Later Tang Dynasty was strong externally, but it was full of internal worries. After the Later Tang Dynasty Zhuang Sect established the capital of Luoyang, he recruited back eunuchs to serve as important positions, and appointed Li Xiji and other conservatives, all the same as the rule in the late Tang Dynasty, and the government became increasingly corrupt. Later Tang Zhuangzong thought that his foundation had been stable, did not engage in political affairs, indulged wantonly, took his stage name Li Tianxia, and favored the servants Jing Xinmo, Lingguan Jingjin and others. At that time, the army was huge and the treasury was tight, but his wife Empress Liu intervened in the government affairs, was greedy and loved money, and returned half of the tax to the harem, so that the imperial court also had to temporarily withhold military rations to make up for other expenditures, which formed a great hidden worry, and soon the Tang army of Shu mutinied for some reason.

Although Guo Chongtao completed the task of exterminating Shu, Li Jiqi was dissatisfied with the fact that he could not deeply participate in military affairs. He secretly reported to the imperial court with the intention of framing Guo Chongtao, and later Tang Zhuangzong intended to investigate first before deciding, but Empress Liu herself ordered Li Jiqi to execute him. Guo Chongtao was killed, the morale of the Tang army was weakened, mutinies broke out, and Empress Liu was unwilling to use her belongings for the labor army, which made the situation worse.

Soon, Wei Bojun rebelled in Weizhou under the leadership of Zhao Zaili, and the Tang general Li Zhaorong failed to pacify, and Tang Zhuangzong had no choice but to send Li Siyuan to pacify, Li Siyuan was supported by the troops and rebels in Weizhou, but led the army south to conquer Tang Zhuangzong. The Tang army in various places was unwilling to fight for the Later Tang Zhuangzong, Bianzhou and Luoyang fell one after another, and the Later Tang Zhuangzong died in the civil strife. After Li Siyuan invaded Luoyang, he killed all the traitors and became emperor, that is, Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, and Li Jiqi, the eldest son of Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, committed suicide in Chang'an.

During the reign of Emperor Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, the maladministration of the Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty was eliminated, and the government gradually stabilized. He dismissed eunuchs and appointed scholars, abolished many redundant organs and established financial organs such as the three divisions, advocated frugality, built water conservancy, and cared for the people's weal and woe, and strengthened the central military and established a guard army to suppress the feudal towns. It is one of the rare stable periods of the Five Dynasties, Tang Mingzong was the second only Ming monarch in the Five Dynasties period after Later Zhou Shizong, and some of the systems he formulated were also inherited by the Song Dynasty.

Li Siyuan was the emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty in the fifth dynasty and was known as the Later Tang Mingzong. Li Siyuan was born very poor, and when he was a soldier, his salary was not enough to support his family, so he relied on his son Li Congke to sell horse manure to make a living. The hard life in his early years gave Li Siyuan a deep understanding of the hardships of ordinary people's lives. After he became emperor, Li Siyuan did not forget his roots, he reduced taxes and stopped the war, so that the people who had been displaced in the turbulent years got a little rest.

In the fourth year of Li Siyuan's reign as emperor, Li Siyuan was very happy when the Central Plains had a bumper agricultural harvest this year, thinking that he had ruled well. When chatting with the minister Feng Dao, Li Siyuan talked about that he no longer fought since he became the emperor, and the grain was harvested year after year, especially this year's harvest was particularly good, and he was very proud.

Feng Dao saw that Li Siyuan was a little proud, and wanted to take the opportunity to persuade Li Siyuan, but Feng Dao did not say it directly, but gave an example first. Feng Dao said: "When I was an official in Taiyuan before, I was ordered to send an envoy to Zhongshan, and when I got to Zhongshan, I had to pass through Jingcheng, which was full of mountain roads and was particularly dangerous. I was afraid that the horse would stumble and fall, so I clung to the horse's reins and was careful, but nothing happened. When I finally reached the flat road, and felt that there was no danger, I let go of the reins, and galloped on my horse, only to fall in a moment. I think governing the country is the same as riding a horse, and only by being cautious and trembling can we govern the country well. Li Siyuan listened to Feng Dao's metaphor and deeply agreed.

Li Siyuan then asked Feng Dao: "This year's harvest has been bumper, has the peasants' lives improved? Can they have enough to eat?"

Feng Dao replied: "When the peasants encounter a disaster year, they flee for food and starve to death on the road; Whether it is a disaster year or a good year, the life of the peasants is very hard. ”

"I remember that there is a poem in Jinshi Nieyi, which is written like this: Sell new silk in February, and grow new grain in May. Heal the sores under the eyes, but remove the flesh of the heart. ”

This poem writes about the real life of the peasants, in order to live, the peasants have to sell new silk and new grain, even if they are unwilling, there is no way. Scholars, peasants, industrialists, merchants, peasants are the most bitter, and Your Majesty, as the emperor, cannot fail to know this. ”

Li Siyuan listened to Feng Dao's words and was very moved, so he asked the people around him to write down this poem and recite it often and repeatedly. Li Siyuan ordered that the taxes of the imperial court be lowered in order to reduce the burden on the peasants, and soon Li Siyuan ordered: "Release all the falcons and other animals raised in the palace, and order the local authorities not to sacrifice rare birds and beasts to the imperial court in the future." ”

Feng Dao saw that his exhortation worked, and he said to Li Siyuan: "The emperor is not only kind to people, but also to birds and animals, but he is really a bodhisattva. ”

Li Siyuan said: "That's not the case, I used to go hunting with the emperor, and it was the time of the harvest when the wild beasts were frightened and fled to the fields. Later, although the beast was caught, the farmer's crops were all trampled on, and I still regret it when I look back on it. Hunting rare birds and beasts is very harmful to the people, and I feel that it is harmful and useless, so I will not let the place offer rare birds and beasts again. ”

Li Siyuan once asked the minister Zhao Feng: "What is the Danshu Iron Scroll?"

Zhao Feng said: "The Danshu iron scroll is a certificate issued by the emperor to the courtiers, and with this certificate, the courtiers can be exempted from death no matter what crimes they commit in the future." Not only that, but the children and grandchildren of the minister can enjoy glory and wealth. ”

Li Siyuan said: "In the past, the imperial court only issued Danshu iron scrolls to three people, and I was one of them. Not long after the other two were awarded the Danshu Iron Scroll, they were beheaded because they were framed, and I almost didn't escape the villain's poisonous hands. After speaking, Li Siyuan sighed for a long time.

Zhao Feng said: "If the emperor has a great heart, he doesn't have to engrave his words on metal and stone. If the ministers have the iron scroll of Danshu, they will have no fear and violate the law, and if they do not kill them, they will violate the law, and if they do, they will lose the faith of the emperor. The system of Danshu Iron Scroll is actually very harmful, and I hope that the emperor will not issue Danshu Iron Scroll to ministers in the future. Li Siyuan adopted Zhao Feng's opinion, and during his time as emperor, he did not issue a single Danshu iron scroll.

When Li Siyuan was not the emperor, the fortune teller Zhou Xuanbao told Li Siyuan that he would be unspeakably expensive in the future. Li Siyuan didn't feel anything when he heard it, but after he became the emperor, he felt more and more that Zhou Xuanbao was prescient, so he wanted to find Zhou Xuanbao in the capital and ask him about national affairs.

Minister Zhao Feng said to Li Siyuan: "Zhou Xuanbao said that His Majesty can be the emperor, it has been fulfilled, and there is no need to ask him about other things." If he is allowed to come to Beijing, people will hear that he once told the emperor's fortune and fulfilled it, and they will definitely rush to his house to tell his fortune. After a long time, Zhou Xuanbao will grow arrogance and even misdeeds, and it will cause chaos in the government, and it is not beneficial to the country to let Zhou Xuanbao come to Beijing. ”

After listening to Zhao Feng's words, Li Siyuan did not let Zhou Xuanbao come to Beijing, but only gave him some property as a thank you to him.

When Li Siyuan became emperor, he was already over sixty years old, and every year on Chinese New Year's Eve, he would pray to the heavens: "I am a Hu man, because of the recommendation of everyone, I became the emperor, I hope that God will send a saint early to take my place." ”

Li Siyuan is good at listening to sarcasm and adopting all good opinions. During his reign, the politics were clear, there were no wars, and in the troubled times of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the lives of the common people were relatively peaceful, and it can be called a long life.

However, in his later years, Tang once again entered into civil strife, Tang Mingzong was seriously ill, his son Li Congrong seized the throne and was killed, and his youngest son Li Conghou succeeded to the throne, that is, Emperor Min of the Later Tang Dynasty. At this time, Li Congke, the adopted son of the two generals of Tang Mingzong, was appointed as the envoy of the Fengxiang Festival, and his son-in-law Shi Jingjiao was appointed as the envoy of the Hedong Festival, both of which had heavy troops. Prime Ministers Zhu Hongzhao and Feng Yun originally wanted to separate the military power by mobilizing the Jiedu envoys, but instead provoked a rebellion.

Li Congke invaded Luoyang on the grounds of the Qing monarch's side, and Emperor Min of the Later Tang Dynasty was captured by Shi Jingjiao on the way to Weizhou, and was finally killed by Li Congke, who was proclaimed emperor, that is, the late emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty. During the civil strife, there was the independence of Hou Shu, it turned out that after the fall of the former Shu, the Later Tang Zhuangzong took Meng Zhixiang as the envoy of the Xichuan Festival, and soon after the Tang Mingzong rebelled and seized the throne, Meng Zhixiang trained the army with the intention of independence.

Meng Zhixiang was named the king of Shu by Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty after annexing the Dongchuan Army, and was called the emperor of the country when the late Tang Emperor launched a civil strife, and was known as Later Shu in history. In the same year, Meng Zhixiang died, his son Meng Chang succeeded to the throne, Meng Chang was fortunate to favor the concubine, trusted the mediocre, and had the appearance of a quick death, he rebelled and wanted to collude with the Northern Han Dynasty, and started a war provocation, although it did not perish, almost let Hou Shu survive for 30 years of peace.

Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty and Shi Jingjiao were at odds with each other as early as the Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty, and the Emperor of the late Tang Dynasty was very suspicious of Shi Jingjiao after succeeding to the throne, and Shi Jingjiao also had a rebellious heart because of fear. Later, the late Tang Emperor transferred Shi Jingjiao to the Tianping Army, and ordered Zhang Jingda and Yang Guangyuan to lead the army to urge. Shi Jingjiao followed the advice of Sang Weihan and Liu Zhiyuan to borrow troops from the Khitan to defect, and called Yelu Deguang to Liao Taizong, and later ceded the sixteen states of Yanyun to the Khitan, and lost 300,000 horses every year.

After Zhang Jingda heard about the mutiny, he led his army to besiege Taiyuan, but Shi Jingjiao could not hold on. At that time, Zhao Dejun of Lu Longjun and Yelu Deguang, the Khitan Khan, intended to cooperate and conspire in the Central Plains, Shi Jingjiao was greatly frightened, and urgently ordered Sang Weihan to see Yelu Deguang. Sang Weihan knelt in front of the Khitan tent and begged bitterly before Yelu Deguang gave up his plan to cooperate with Zhao Dejun.

Yelu Deguang led the army to relieve the siege and helped Shi Jingjiao to establish the Later Jin Dynasty in Taiyuan, that is, the Later Jin Dynasty Gaozu. The Jin army and the Khitan army marched south, and Yang Guangyuan, Zhao Dejun and other towns surrendered one after another. The Jin army invaded Luoyang alone, and the late Tang emperor died by self-immolation, and the Later Tang perished. Later Jin Gaozu set the capital of Bianzhou, and ceded the sixteen states of Yanyun to the Khitan according to the agreement, after which the influence of the Khitan Kingdom on the five dynasties reached the maximum.