The Southern Song Dynasty is a country established by the Song family in Jiangnan after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in the disgrace of Jingkang, and the Northern Song Dynasty is called the Song Dynasty, with a total of five generations and nine emperors, enjoying the country for 153 years. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

When the shame of Jingkang, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured by the Jin State, and Song Huizong's ninth son, King Kang Zhao Gou, inherited the throne of the Great Song Dynasty in Nanjing Yingtianfu, in order to continue the imperial and legal system of the Song Dynasty, the name of the country was still Song, known as the Southern Song Dynasty in history, and later moved the capital to Lin'an.

The Jin State failed to eliminate the Southern Song Dynasty on several southern expeditions, and the Southern Song Dynasty also had several northern expeditions that failed to return, and the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin State formed a confrontation situation. Later, the Song and Jin reached a peace agreement in Shaoxing, and the two sides were bounded by the Qinling and Huai rivers. In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, treachery was frequent, the government was corrupt and corrupt, and the Mongols in the Mobei grassland began to rise, Temujin established the Great Mongolian State, and began to invade the Southern Song Dynasty on a large scale after conquering the Jin State, and the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers and civilians resisted desperately until the Southern Song Dynasty capital Lin'an was captured, the Song army was defeated in the Battle of Yashan, and the late Song Emperor Zhao Yu died with Lu Xiufu jumping into the sea on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

Although the Southern Song Dynasty was located south of the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains, it was a dynasty with economic and cultural prosperity, scientific and technological progress, and a high degree of openness to the outside world in Chinese history. The Southern Song Dynasty coexisted with the Jin Kingdom, the Western Liao Kingdom, the Dali Kingdom, the Western Xia Dynasty, the Tibetan State and the rising Great Mongolian State. The devastating blow of the nomads to the advanced production relations of the Song Dynasty caused the advanced civilization of the East, which had been in the ascending stage, to gradually decline.

The Jurchen leader Wanyan Aguta established the Jin State. Song Huizong saw that the national strength of the Liao State was weak, so he sent an envoy to Jin to propose the matter of joining Jin to destroy the Liao. The Song attacked Yanjing and returned defeated, Jin captured Linhuang Mansion, and the Great Liao perished. Song paid a huge ransom in exchange for Yanjing and other places. Under the pretext that the Northern Song Dynasty contained the rebel generals of the Jin State, Jin divided his troops and went south, heading straight to Bianjing. Song Qinzong ascended the throne, negotiated with the Jin people, the Jin people dismissed the army and returned to the north, the following year, the Jin people went south again, captured Bianjing, and took away more than 3,000 people from Huizong, Qinzong and the royal ministers to the north, known as the shame of Jingkang, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

In the shame of Jingkang, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty and Emperor Qinzong were captured by the Jurchens, including the queen, concubines, princes, princesses and other royal family members and confidential ministers, court officials, court musicians, cooks, etc. were all captured by the Jurchens and went north, but Zhao Gou, the king of Kang, was spared.

The Jin State withdrew its troops from Bianjing and appointed Zhang Bangchang as the Emperor of Great Chu. Because Zhang Bangchang was originally a Song courtier and later surrendered to the Jin State, the Kaifeng military and people hated him, and a large number of old Song courtiers asked him to abdicate. In desperation, Zhang Bangchang issued an edict in the name of Empress Dowager Meng to establish Zhao Gou as emperor. Zhao Gou went south from Hebei to Yingtianfu, Nanjing, the capital of Hebei, officially ascended the throne, changed the Yuan Jianyan, and established the Southern Song Dynasty, which was for Song Gaozong.

However, the traitor Zhang Bangchang was crowned king in the name of protecting the country. Zhang Bangchang was later killed, becoming the only Wenchen of the Song Dynasty to be killed. In the second year of Song Gaozong's accession to the throne, the Jin State continued to invade the south in the name of Zhang Bangchang's depose, and then Zhao Gou traveled all the way south, crossing the Huai River and crossing the Yangtze River.

The Jin State also established Liu Yu as the emperor, the country name Qi, known as the pseudo-Qi in history, in order to strengthen the rule over the area south of the Yellow River, and the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin State were bounded by the line from Huaishui to Dasanguan. The Southern Song Dynasty changed Jiangning Mansion to Jiankang Mansion as the capital and called it the Eastern Capital. For this reason, the Southern Song Dynasty also carried out the Northern Expedition, commanded by Zong Ze, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Wu Jue and other anti-Jin generals, and defeated the puppet Qi army and the combined army of the Jin State on both sides of the Yellow River.

In the second year of Jingkang, because of the improper command of the mediocre and incompetent Northern Song Dynasty monarchs and ministers, and the Jianghu warlock Guo Jing misled the country, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo Bianliang, was broken by the Jurchen soldiers of the Jin State. The Jin soldiers burned, killed, looted and looted, and looted Tokyo Bianliang, the world's famous metropolis at that time.

Jin soldiers escorted Hui, Emperor Qin and Song Dynasty concubines, princes, clans, nobles and other more than 3,000 people to return to the north, were escorted by the Jin Jurchen soldiers and thousands of people in the city of Tokyo, such as the teaching workshop musicians, craftsmen and craftsmen, as well as the common people of no less than 100,000 men and women, most of them are women, Jin soldiers also took away a large number of literary books and maps and treasures of the Northern Song Dynasty court, the Northern Song Dynasty declared extinction, the history is called the shame of Jingkang.

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou was the ninth son of Zhao Ji of Song Huizong, and Zhao Gou's mother Wei was a low-status concubine who was not favored by Song Huizong. Zhao Gou originally had no chance with the throne, but in the Jingkang Change, most of the Zhao and Song clans were taken captive by the Jin soldiers, but Zhao was the only one who slipped through the net, and the position of the lord of Zhongxing naturally belonged to him.

In the second year of Jingkang, the twenty-one-year-old King of Kang, Zhao Gou, ascended the throne and rebuilt Zhao and Song, that is, Song Gaozong. However, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, the master of Zhongxing, was really in name only, and the shame and humiliation of his parents, brothers, wives and daughters being taken captive could not arouse his hatred for the Jin people, and his fear of gold was hopeless.

During the reign of Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou, no matter what the victory or defeat on the battlefield of resistance to the Jin Dynasty, he blindly surrendered and sued for peace, and did his best to grovel and wag his tail in front of the Jin people. History has arranged a monarch who talks about the golden change to undertake the mission of resisting the golden humiliation, and it is difficult to achieve it in any case.

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou's biological father Song Huizong Zhao Ji was later tortured to death by the Jin people, Song Huizong's body was also taken to oil refining by the Jin people, and later after the Song and Jin peace agreements were reached, the Jin people returned the so-called Song Huizong Zi coffin was not Song Huizong's body, but a piece of rotten wood.

Almost all the relatives of the Northern Song Emperor, including the parents and siblings of Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou, were captured by the Jin people, and they were humiliated in the Jin country, some were tortured to death, and some became slaves of the Jin people.

Among the Song Dynasty prisoners of war taken captive by the Jin, the fate of women was particularly tragic. The Jin people imprisoned the women captured from the Song Dynasty, whether they were the queen concubines, the princess and the queen mother, or the palace maids and folk women, in the laundry yard in Shangjing, for the Jin Jurchens to play with and ravage, and the dignitaries and nobles of the Jin State could also take the Song Dynasty women they liked home as slaves.

In the Jingkang Rebellion, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou's Yuan Princess, five young daughters, and Song Gaozong Zhao Gou's brothers and sisters were also taken captive by the Jin army, and were repeatedly humiliated and ravaged by the Jurchen nobles. But Song Gaozong Zhao Gou did not feel very ashamed, nor did he hate the Jin people because of this, and Song Gaozong Zhao Gou later even repeatedly humiliated and begged for peace, begging the enemy Jin Ren to make him a Taiping Emperor.

When killing the famous anti-Jin general Yue Fei and patriotic literati Chen Dong, Ouyang Che and others, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou was fierce enough, and in front of the subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou also had enough imperial tyranny and domineering, but when it came to the enemy Jin Ren who killed his father, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou showed an incredible servility.

Liu Yu's emperor, Li Cheng's thief, and Li Qiong's rebellion, they were originally all courtiers of the Song State, and later took refuge in the Jin people, became eagle dogs for the Jin people, and became traitors, they all lived very freely, and it was difficult to see Song Gaozong Zhao Gou's accusations against them.

As for the arrogance of the Jin people, they destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, invaded the territory of the Song Dynasty, slaughtered the subjects of the Song Dynasty, killed the father and brother of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou, and humiliated the mother and sister of Song Gaozong Zhao Gou and the wife and daughter of Song Gaozong.

King Kang Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Nanjing Yingtianfu, changed the second year of Jingkang to the first year of Jianyan, and became the founder of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the temple was known as Song Gaozong. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou was only twenty-one years old at the time, and he had been pampered in the deep government for a long time, and he was only good at enjoyment and joy, and he did not have much experience in ruling.

At the beginning of Song Gaozong's claim to be emperor, he was forced to appoint Li Gang, a patriotic minister who was expected to be the prime minister, due to the harsh situation. However, Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou really obeyed their words, but they were traitors Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan, plus some eunuchs. Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan and others had no intention of restoring their homeland, and insisted on moving the capital to the southeast in order to gain a corner of Gou'an, which was exactly in the hands of Song Gaozong.

Zong Wei, the left deputy marshal of the Jin State, captured Xuzhou and drove the army south, and Han Shizhong's army, which was guarding Huaiyang, was defeated and took Yancheng, and the Jin soldiers drove straight forward. The Song general Liu Guangshi, who had always feared the Jin soldiers, fled without a fight, causing the Jin soldiers to cross the Huai River smoothly, and then the Jin cavalry rushed to Yangzhou, where the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty was located.

In the early morning of the third day of the second lunar month, Zhao Gou of Song Gaozong was holding his concubine and making love, and the provincial guard of the Inner Servant suddenly reported to him the emergency military situation, saying that the Inner Servant sent to listen to the news fled overnight to report the news, Tianchang had fallen, and the Jin soldiers were rushing to Yangzhou.

The news that the cavalry of the Jin Kingdom was about to kill Yangzhou was like a bolt from the blue, and Zhao Gou, who was having fun, was suddenly scared into a soft-footed shrimp. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou suddenly fell asleep, jumped up from the bed, hurriedly put on his armor, jumped on a war horse, and fled out, followed by only five or six people including Wang Yuan, the commander of the imperial camp, and Kang Xu, the inner servant.

At this time, chaos had begun in the city of Yangzhou, the army and the people were very frightened, the people were panicked, and fled in all directions, while the prime minister Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan were still listening to the monks with a group of bureaucrats as if nothing had happened. Many officials went to the Prime Minister's Office to inquire, and they calmly said: "There are already measures in place, so there is no need to panic." ”

The whole situation was very urgent, the enemy had already come to the front, but these bureaucrats were still singing and feasting, until they heard that the emperor had fled from Yangzhou, and then they fled in a hurry.

The news that the emperor fled soon spread throughout the city of Yangzhou, the common people were even more panicked, helping the old and the young, carrying their shoulders, fleeing in a hurry, the palace maids were crying and running around on the street, they were embraced by the chaotic people, the officials rode horses and waved knives in the crowd and rampaged, the city gate was very crowded, thousands of women and children and the old and weak were trampled to death, squeezed to death, Yangzhou City was in chaos.

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou rushed out of the south gate of Yangzhou City, stationed at the Yangtze Bridge, and a guard from eastern Zhejiang spoke disrespectfully to him, saying that he reused Huang Qianshan, which caused this situation. Song Gaozong Zhao Gou was very angry, pulled out his sword and hacked the guard to death, and then continued to flee south, running to Guazhou Town on the edge of the Yangtze River in one go.

At this time, the situation at the Guazhou ferry port was even more chaotic, not only could no official boats be found, but even civilian ferries were scarce, and hundreds of thousands of refugees crowded along the river to fight for the ferry. Occasionally, there was a ferry, but it could not reach the shore, but it was stopped by the people who were swimming in the water waiting for the crossing, and the brave people did not want to fight the Jin soldiers, but killed people and plundered their property and robbed the ferry to cross the river.

With the help of his confidant Wang Yuan, Zhao Gou of Song Gaozong finally found a small boat, and Zhao Gou gave a lot of heavy rewards, so he rode his horse to swim in the water, climbed onto the boat, and crossed to Xijinkou on the other side. This time he crossed the river on horseback, but no one followed him, and after going ashore, he walked alone into the temple of the Water Emperor on the shore and sat down to rest, took off his sword, and wiped the blood stains off the sword.

After Qian Boyan, the warden of Zhenjiang Prefecture, learned the news that Song Gaozong Zhao Gou had crossed the river to Xijinkou, he sent government soldiers to welcome him to Zhenjiang Mansion, and it was not until this time that Song Gaozong Zhao Gou was a little settled.