The Tang Dynasty was a unified dynasty after the Sui Dynasty, with a total of 21 emperors and 289 years, which is recognized as one of the most powerful eras in China. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, the world rose together, and Li Yuan, the Duke of Tang, launched the Jinyang Mutiny, and the following year he was proclaimed emperor in Chang'an to establish the Tang Dynasty, because the royal family was surnamed Li, so it was also called Li Tang. After Tang Taizong succeeded to the throne, he created the rule of Zhenguan, and Tang Gaozong inherited the legacy of Zhenguan to create the rule of Yonghui, and then Wu Zetian once took the Zhou Dynasty Tang and restored the name of the Tang Dynasty after the Shenlong Revolution.

After Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he made great efforts to create a prosperous era of economic prosperity, four Yi Binfu, and all states came to the dynasty, and in the last years of Tianbao, the population of the country reached 80 million people. After the Anshi Rebellion, the division of feudal towns and the dictatorship of eunuchs led to the gradual decline of national strength, and in the middle and later periods, the country was revived by the governance of Yuanhe Zhongxing, Huichang Zhongxing, and Dazhong. The Huangchao Rebellion destroyed the foundation of Tang rule, Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty fell, and China entered the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

The Tang Dynasty was the largest and only unified Central Plains dynasty without the Great Wall, and its territory was beyond the borders of modern China in both the west and the north. After the Tang Dynasty conquered and destroyed the Eastern Turks and Xue Yantuo, the Son of Heaven was revered as the Heavenly Khan by the Siyi tribes, and used the fetters system to recruit the Turks, Uighurs, Tiele, Khitans, Jinya, Murwei and other ethnic groups to attack the enemy countries, and let the vassal states such as Nanzhao, Silla, Bohai and Japan learn the culture and system of the Tang Dynasty.

The science and technology, culture, economy, and art of the Tang Dynasty had the characteristics of diversification, and a large number of famous artists emerged in poetry, calligraphy, and painting, such as the poet immortal Li Bai, the poet saint Du Fu, the Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan of Yan muscles and willow bones, the painter Wu Daozi and Li Sixun, and the musician Li Guinian. The culture of the Tang Dynasty was inclusive, and it accepted ethnic groups from all over the world to exchange and learn, forming an open international culture.

The Tang Dynasty and the Arab Empire at that time were ranked as the most powerful empires in the world, and their reputation spread far and wide, and they had contacts with Asian and European countries, and after the Tang Dynasty, most overseas people called Chinese Tang people.

The official name of the Tang Dynasty was Tang, which originally meant the ancient name of Jin, and generally referred to the central and southern regions of present-day Shanxi Province. Tang Gaozu Li Yuan's grandfather Li Hu was one of the Eight Pillars of the Western Wei Dynasty, and was posthumously named the Duke of Tang State, and his title was passed to Li Yuan. Li Yuan was the Sui Dynasty when the palace lived in Jinyang to stay, in the name of respecting the Sui to raise troops, every battle must be defeated, straight into Chang'an, in the Sui Gong Emperor Yang Yuchan let the emperor take the throne of the Tang Dynasty as the country name.

In its heyday, the Tang Dynasty reached high achievements in culture, politics, economy, diplomacy and other aspects, and was a golden age in Chinese history and one of the world's great powers at that time. At that time, the surrounding vassal states such as Silla, Goguryeo, Baekje, Balhae, and Japan were greatly influenced by the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty royal family came from the famous Longxi Li family, and Li Wei, the founding monarch of Xiliang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, was his distant ancestor, and the Li family was also an important member of the Guanlong military aristocratic group of the Northern Wei Dynasty at that time. The Li clan in Longxi has been a famous family of military generals since the Qin Dynasty, and there have been famous generals such as Li Guang, the general of the Western Han Dynasty, and Li Xin, a famous general of the Qin State.

During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Li family was given the surname Hu Daye, and in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui was restored to the Li family. During the Great Cause of the Sui Dynasty, due to the abuse of national strength by Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty and the failure of the three conquests of Goguryeo, the people of the Sui Dynasty revolted at the end of the Sui Dynasty.

Li Yuan raised troops in the name of respecting Sui in Jinyang, and occupied Chang'an all the way, supporting Yang Yu, the acting king, as the emperor, that is, Emperor Gong of Sui, and Li Yuan appointed himself as the prime minister and entered the Tang Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Yang of Sui, Yang Yuchan was located in Li Yuan, Li Yuan was called emperor, named the country Tang, and still set the capital in Chang'an, established the Tang Dynasty, and the Sui Dynasty perished.

Yang Yu was demoted to the Duke of Xiguo, lived in Chang'an, and died the following year. Later, Li Yuan canonized his eldest son Li Jiancheng as the crown prince, the second son Li Shimin as the king of Qin, and the fourth son Li Yuanji as the king of Qi.

The rich wealth left by the Northern Zhou and Southern Chen and the early Sui Dynasty was completely destroyed by the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the economy was seriously damaged, and the population plummeted to more than 2 million households. Wang Shichong and other separatist forces also submitted to the Turks, and the Turks wanted to follow the example of Emperor Daowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty to enter the Central Plains, and the foreign enemy was unprecedentedly strong, but the Central Plains Dynasty was seriously weakened by internal division and melee, and the situation was very grim.

Before Li Yuan entered Guanzhong, he first sent an envoy to praise Li Mi, the Wagang army occupying Henan, so that he would become a barrier to the east of the Tang army. After entering Guanzhong, he sent Li Shimin to pacify Xue Ju and Xue Renguo in Jincheng in the northwest, and sent Tang envoys An Xinggui and An Xiurensheng to capture Li Liang of Wuwei.

Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to defeat Liu Wuzhou and Song Jingang, who invaded Hedong, and then Luoyang Zheng Emperor Shichong and Hebei Xia King Dou Jiande joined forces to resist Tang, Li Shimin defeated the coalition army, captured Dou Jiande, and Wang Shichong surrendered. The rest of Dou Jiande's Liu Heimin was also defeated by Li Jiancheng, and Hebei was pacified.

Fu Gongyi led the rest of Du Fuwei's troops to oppose the Tang Dynasty in Danyang, and was captured and killed by the Tang army in the following year, and Xiao Miao, who had seized Jiangling, was pacified by Li Jing and Li Xiaogong. The following year, Lingnan Feng Ang surrendered, and Qianzhou Lin Shihong died, so the Tang Dynasty basically unified China.

Li Shimin, the king of Qin, fought with the crown prince Li Jiancheng for the throne, Li Shimin launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion, killed the crown prince Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, and took control of Chang'an. Li Yuan knew the situation well, so Chan gave up the throne and became the emperor, and Li Shimin succeeded to the throne, that is, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

Li Yuan's second son, Li Shimin, is the most talented and courageous of all the sons, he befriended Junjie and deliberately traveled through the world. Li Yuan took Li Shimin as the commander, led the troops to conquer the heroes, and in the second year of Taizong Zhenguan, he eradicated the Liang Shidu that had seized Shuofang, and the whole country was finally unified.

Soon after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, a fratricidal coup d'état, the so-called Xuanwumen Rebellion, broke out. Tang Gaozu's wife Dou Housheng had four sons, the third son Li Xuanba died early, and the rest of the eldest son Li Jiancheng, the second son Li Shimin, and the fourth son Li Yuanji all followed their father to fight the world. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Gaozu made Li Jiancheng the crown prince, Li Shimin the king of Qin, and Li Yuanji the king of Qi. Li Shimin, the king of Qin, raised troops from Taiyuan to unify the whole country, and his military exploits were outstanding, and he was already suspicious of his brothers.

Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji are both incompetent, Li Jiancheng became the prince because of his eldest son, but because Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji did not contribute to the laying down of the country, they always wanted to frame the hero Li Shimin.

When Gaozu raised his army, he once agreed with Li Shimin that he would definitely be appointed as the prince in the future, and after Gaozu ascended the throne, Li Shimin repeatedly resigned, and Gaozu then made Li Jiancheng the prince, named Li Shimin as the king of Qin, and Li Yuanji as the king of Qi. Among the three people, Li Shimin has the greatest credit, Li Shimin is not only brave and strategic, but also has a group of talents under his command.

In the palace of the king of Qin, there are Fang Xuanling, Du Ruhui and others, known as the eighteen bachelors, and Wu has Wei Chi Gong, Qin Shubao, Cheng Yanjin and other famous brave generals. The crown prince Li Jiancheng knew that his prestige was not as good as Li Shimin, so he was jealous, so he united with his younger brother Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, to squeeze out Li Shimin together.

Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji knew that Tang Gaozu favored some concubines, so they often patted their farts in front of these favorite concubines to please them. So the favorite concubines often said good things about the prince in front of Gaozu and bad things about the king of Qin, and Tang Gaozu listened to the words of the favorite concubine and gradually distanced himself from Li Shimin.

Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji conspired to frame Li Shimin many times, they had contacted Yang Wengan, the chief of the guard of the East Palace, to murder Li Shimin together, one day, Li Shimin and Tang Gaozu went to Li Yuanji's mansion, Li Yuanji ordered the protector Yu Wenbao and others to ambush indoors, wanting to take this opportunity to kill Li Shimin; because Li Jiancheng was worried that Tang Gaozu was also there, the rat trap was not successful.

Later, Li Jiancheng privately recruited more than 2,000 strong men as the guards of the East Palace, and recommended Yang Wengan as the governor of Gyeongju. When Gaozu went out to patrol Renzhi Palace, Li Jiancheng stayed behind, accompanied by Li Shimin and Li Yuanji. So Li Jiancheng conspired to rebel with Yang Wengan and planned to usurp the throne. After the matter was revealed, Yang Wengan said: "If you don't do it, you won't stop it, I might as well rebel." ”

Therefore, the troops were led to attack Ningzhou, and the Ningzhou alarm had arrived like snowflakes, and it was first said that it was surrounded, and then it was captured. Gaozu hurriedly summoned Li Shimin to ask for countermeasures, and promised that Li Shimin would be renamed the crown prince after Li Shimin returned. Gaozu said: "This matter is related to the completion, I'm afraid there is a lot of insiders, it is better for you to go forward in person, and when you come back from the chaos, you will definitely be renamed the crown prince and deposed as the king of Shu." The Shu soldiers are fragile and not to be feared, and if he dares to make trouble again, it will be easier for you to send troops to sweep them away. ”

After Li Shimin was ordered to send troops to defeat Yang Wengan and return to the dynasty, Tang Gaozu had already returned to the court, knowing that Li Jiancheng was involved in rebellion, but he did not mention the matter of changing the crown prince. Li Shimin had already guessed that there had been a change, so he laughed. It turned out that Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng relied on bribes to ask for concubines, and Gaozu was confused by the concubine's words, and still ordered Li Jiancheng to stay in Beijing, but only blamed his brother for not getting along, and he had to change his past. The Son of Heaven has no jokes, not to mention the issue of easy storage, which is very important, how can it be easily promised? How can it be easily forgotten?

Once, Li Jiancheng invited Li Shimin to the East Palace to drink, Li Shimin drank a few cups, and suddenly felt a stomachache, others helped him home, he was in pain, and he vomited blood. Li Shimin only understood at this time that it was Li Jiancheng who poisoned the wine, and he finally got better by asking a doctor to take medicine.

Another time in the south of the city hunting, Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji deliberately let Li Shimin ride a Humvee to plot against him, Li Shimin jumped on the horse and chased a wild deer, the deer will chase it, and the Hummer suddenly pounced. Li Shimin did not wait for the horse to fall, he had already jumped out of the saddle, waited for the horse to fall down and rise again, jumped on the horse again, pounced three times, and was not injured at all. The people around him said, "Life and death are fateful, how can it be a secret plot to cause death?"

When Li Jiancheng heard these words, he couldn't help but feel discolored. When the school hunt was over, he went to bribe Yin and Zhang Erfei, and Yin and Zhang Erfei said to Gaozu: "King Qin said that he was destined by heaven and would become Allah, and he boasted that he would not die early." ”

When Gao Zu heard this, he was furious, first summoned Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji to his side, and then summoned Li Shimin to reprimand him in person: "The Son of Heaven has his own destiny, and he can pursue it without intelligence, why do you think about the position of the Son of Heaven?"

Li Shimin hurriedly took off the Hou crown and bowed his head, pleading guilty to Gaozu. Before Gaozu's anger was resolved, an internal supervisor suddenly entered and reported: "The Turkic army has entered the city in a big way, and the forward army has reached Fengzhou. ”

This newspaper happened to be Li Shimin's savior, Gao Zu was shocked by this news, so he dispelled his anger, and his face changed to comfort Li Shimin, so that he wore a crown and discussed with him about the war defense. Li Shimin said: "The fire is flooded, the soldiers are coming, and the sons are willing to go out to fight." ”