As the old saying goes: Zhang Wang, Liu Li Chen, half of the people in the world, if Chen is replaced by Zhao, in fact, it is close to half of the population, because the people surnamed Zhao are not much less than the people surnamed Chen, and the five surnames of Zhangwang, Liu, Li and Zhao were almost exterminated by one person.

This person is Boyan, the last powerful man in the Yuan Dynasty, and a veteran of the Ten Dynasties. He has assisted ten emperors, because after Kublai Khan, in order to compete for fame and fortune within the Yuan Dynasty, they often fought and calculated with each other, and in just over 30 years, a total of nine emperors were changed, and when it came to Emperor Yuan Shun, there was no change anymore, because the Yuan Dynasty had come to an end when he arrived.

Since the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, it has brutally suppressed the Han and Nanren, causing continuous resistance from the Han and Nanren. He slaughtered the Han people and the southerners at every turn, but he was afraid that the Han people and the southerners would rebel, so he imposed a very strict control system on the Han people and the southerners.

He stipulated that the Han and Nan people could not hold weapons, not even iron farm tools, and were not allowed to learn the Mongolian script, and if the Mongols and Semu beat the Han and Nan, the Han and Nan could not fight back. He also promulgated the law that as long as the Han and Nan people make mistakes, they can be caught, and they can be killed, and they cannot hesitate.

Later, when he was telling his fortune, the fortune teller told him: "You will eventually die at the hands of the Nanren in this life." ”

He was even more furious, and all day long he was terrified and suspicious, and finally ran hysterically to Emperor Yuan Shun to make an opinion: "I ask Your Majesty to kill all the people with the five surnames of Han, Zhangwang, Liu, Li, and Zhao. ”

Emperor Yuan Shun asked him the reason, and he said: "The reason why there are so many peasant uprisings now is because of the Han and Nan people, and among the Han and Nan people, the five surnames of Zhang Wang, Liu Li, and Zhao are the most, and they must be the masterminds, as long as we kill all these people, the world will be peaceful." ”

It stands to reason that as a veteran of the Ten Dynasties, Emperor Yuan Shun would mostly follow his advice, but Emperor Yuan Shun was frightened by Boyan and refused at that time: "No." ”

Emperor Yuan Shun felt that he was too much, the world had been disrupted, and Boyan actually added fuel to the fire here. Think about it carefully, if Emperor Yuan Shun was not sober-minded, these five surnames might really be gone now.

Boyan's rampant domineering, corrupt bending of the law, and brutal killing finally aroused the dissatisfaction of Emperor Yuan Shun, and later Emperor Yuan Shun did feel that this veteran of the Ten Dynasties was too much of a threat to him, so he began to slowly alienate Boyan. He was the first to be transferred to Henan to serve, and he felt that he was still not at ease, he was too close to himself, and he might make trouble, so he was transferred to Guangdong, but before he arrived in Guangdong, he died of illness in a post station in Guangxi.

Boyan, the Mongolian Mier beggar, among the ministers of the Yuan Dynasty, there is no one who hates the Han people and the southerners. Boyan was born in a military position, crude and uneducated, and the Mier beggars were conquered during the period of Genghis Khan, and they were all slaves, and Boyan himself was also a domestic slave of King Tan Che Bald, but Che Che Bald was known for being close to Han doctors and known as virtuous people, so Boyan was angry with the Han people in the Tan Wang's Mansion in his early years.

Boyan was looked down upon by the Han people more than once in his early years, so he had a vendetta with the Han people and had a particularly deep prejudice against the Han people. Because of his humble background, Boyan's inferiority complex is often particularly destructive once it is transformed into self-esteem. So once he gained power, he wanted to trample all the people who had stepped on his head.

These actions of Boyan are closely related to his personal experience, but they are also closely related to the division of the Mongols during the Yuan Dynasty. After the unification of China by the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of Mongols settled in the Central Plains because of their official and military duties, but at the same time, a large number of Mongols still lived in the old land of Mobei and maintained their original nomadic life. The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty maintained his own national identity and was not completely assimilated by the Han people.

The Yuan Dynasty adopted the system of patrolling the two capitals, most of them and the upper capitals, to ensure that the rule of the grassland and the Central Plains could be consolidated. However, the huge difference in way of life has inevitably led to a huge differentiation among the Mongols themselves.

Taking the four major Mongolian families of the Yuan Dynasty as an example, the Muhuali family started from Genghis Khan, passed through the Central Plains, and later his family fief was in Dongping, Shandong, and intermarried with the Han or Sinicized Mongolians and Semujia people for generations, so his family has been famous for Confucian ministers for generations, and the son of Mu Huali, Polu, is famous for being close to Confucianism, and Mu Huali III Sun Antong and the fifth Sun Baizhu are all famous Confucian ministers and virtuous ministers in the Yuan Dynasty, and the sixth Sun Duoer Zhiban is a writer and calligrapher who is proficient in Confucianism.

Among the descendants of Chi Lao Wen, there is also a reputation for being a two-jinshi. On the other hand, the Borhu and Borshu families, because they have lived in Mobei for a long time, in the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there is no sign of sinicization. Due to the differentiation of ideas and interests, the struggle between the Sinicized Mongols and the traditional Mongols ran through the entire Yuan Dynasty. In the Nanpo Change, the Muhuali family stood on opposite sides with the Borhu and Borshu families, and Boyan and his nephew were on the same side in the end.

Ethnic integration was an irreversible trend in the Yuan Dynasty, and by the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, the once homogeneous ethnic division between the Mongols, other foreign peoples, and the upper echelons of the Han people in the south and north had long been blurred, and it had ceased to exist with the complex ethnic integration, and many Mongols and foreigners were like-minded with the Han people.

Among the Mongolians, there are also many cultural masters, poets have Tai Buhua, Du Lietu, Yuelu Buhua, etc., essayists Aluwei, Tong Tong, etc., painters have Yuan Shizu Prince Zhenjin's granddaughter Lu Guo eldest princess Xiang Ge Raji, Zhang Yanfu, Zongwang Xiaoxue, Zhennan Wang Polo Buhua, etc., calligraphers have Songjian, Duoer Zhiban and so on.

The system of the Yuan Dynasty was that ordinary people could not take names, but could only use the total number of lines and the ages of their parents. The so-called name is based on the total age of the parents, that is, the husband is twenty-four, the woman is twenty-two, and the combined age is forty-six, and the birth of a child is named forty-six. The husband is twenty-three, the woman is twenty-two, and the total is forty-five, and the son is fifty-nine, fifty-nine and forty-five. This system is not recorded in the "History of the Yuan", but there are a large number of historical facts to prove it, and it can also be seen from the family of Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.

The names of Zhu Yuanzhang's ancestors of the five generations all contain numbers, Zhu Yuanzhang's fifth ancestor is named Zhong Ba, and he gave birth to three sons, and the third son is named Bailiu, and Bailiu is Zhu Yuanzhang's ancestor. Zhu Bailiu has two sons, the eldest son is named four or five, and the second son is named forty-nine, and forty-nine is Zhu Yuanzhang's great-grandfather. Zhu Sijiu has four sons, the eldest is the first junior high, the second is the second junior high, the third is the fifth junior high, and the fourth is the tenth junior high. Zhu Chuyi is Zhu Yuanzhang's grandfather, Zhu Chuyi has only two sons, the eldest is called May 1st, and the younger is called May Fourth. May Fourth is the father of Zhu Yuanzhang, May 1st and May Fourth each gave birth to four sons, the name of the son of May 1st is heavy one, heavy two, heavy three, heavy five, and the name of the son of May Fourth is heavy four, heavy six, heavy seven, heavy eight. Zhu Yuanzhang's father later changed his name to Shizhen, his mother's name was Chen Erniang, and Zhu Yuanzhang's original name was Chongba, which was also renamed after laying down the Ming Dynasty.

The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was vast, and the number of people ruled was very large, and among the people ruled by the Mongols, the largest number were still Han Chinese. The Yuan Dynasty divided people into four classes, and the lowest class was the Han people, plus they were large in number, so the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty managed the Han people very strictly.

In order to fear the Han rebellion, the people of the Yuan Dynasty did not allow the Han people to have weapons, and the regulations of the Yuan people were very strict, as long as it was a tool made of metal, it was not good, and even the kitchen knife that every household must use every day, it was stipulated that ten families should share a kitchen knife.

In addition to weapons, the Yuan people are also in charge of many things, and they stipulate that ordinary people are not allowed to have names if they are not officials. The Yuan Dynasty stipulated that only the age of parents or grandparents could be used as the child's name, for example, when the child of the Chen family was born, the grandfather was exactly sixty-six years old, so the child was called Chen Liuliu.

The Yuan people also forbade the Han people to light the lamps at night, let alone get together casually to talk, and if they were caught, they would be punished. Because the Yuan people were afraid of the Han rebellion, they tried all kinds of methods to restrict the Han people.

Moreover, the Yuan people organized every twenty households into a group, called Yijia. The person who served as the owner of the first must be the Mongols, and the other Han residents were the slaves of the owner of the first owner, and they had to do whatever the owner of the first owner said, and they could not bargain, let alone resist.

Since the Yuan Dynasty attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, years of war, coupled with the palace and the annual gifts of the clan, all required huge funds to support. Kublai Khan was anxious to solve the problem of insufficient state resources, so he increasingly trusted his ministers Ahma, Lu Shirong, and Sangge, who used their finances to help the country and invite favors, to preside over the state affairs.

The increase in tax revenue, the development of iron smelting, the sale of agricultural organs, the recovery of the Southern Song Dynasty public land that had been seized by private individuals and monasteries, the levy of land taxes, the adjustment of calculations, the collection of money and grain accumulated over the years in various localities, and the change of the banknote law, etc., led to a significant increase in the state's revenue. However, due to the corruption of officials, their focus on looting, and their tendency to expropriate and extort excessively, this has become one of the important reasons hindering social and economic development.

At the same time, in order to build ships for the Eastern Expedition in order to fight foreign wars, the levy of conscription in the coastal and Jiangnan areas became increasingly serious, and the people could not bear the heavy feudal exploitation and oppression, and revolted one after another. There were more than 200 uprisings by the people of all nationalities in the south of the Yangtze River, and by the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty, the number had increased to more than 400. Around this time, several large-scale uprisings broke out led by Ou Nanxi and Li De in Guangzhou, and Huang Hua and Zhong Mingliang in Fujian.