The Northern Song Dynasty is a dynasty in Chinese history after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and the Southern Song Dynasty is called the Song Dynasty, also known as the Two Song Dynasty, with a total of nine emperors and a reign of 167 years. Pen Fun Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

Later Zhou generals launched the Chenqiao Mutiny to support Zhao Kuangyin as emperor, and the latter weekend Emperor Chai Zongxun was forced to Zen in Zhao Kuangyin. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was in Bianliang, and successively set up the capital Xijing Henan Mansion, Nanjing Yingtian Mansion, Beijing Daimyo Mansion, and Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion together called Sijing.

After Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, he released his military power through a glass of wine, and concentrated all his military power and financial power in the central government, so as to avoid the chaos of the division of the Tang domain in the middle and late periods. But it also led to the Song Dynasty's defeat in wars with the Liao and Western Xia. In the first year of Jingkang, the Jingkang disaster occurred, and the soldiers of the Jin State were in Bianliang, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished the following year.

The territory of the Northern Song Dynasty was bounded by the present-day Haihe River, Bazhou in Hebei Province and Yanmen Pass in Shanxi Province in the northeast, Hengshan Mountain in Shaanxi Province, eastern Gansu Province and Huangshui River in Qinghai Province in the northwest, and Minshan Mountain and Dadu River in the southwest Province. During the Song Dynasty, Emperor Shenzong recovered the Hehuang River through the opening of the Xi River, and during the period of Song Huizong, he placed the Longyou capital in the north of Qinghai and ransomed the seven states of Youyun with a large amount of money.

The Northern Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era of economy and culture in ancient Chinese history, during which Confucianism was revived, science and technology developed by leaps and bounds, politics was relatively enlightened, and economy and culture flourished. During the Northern Song Dynasty, foreign relations were further developed on the basis of the Tang Dynasty, with close exchanges with Korea and Japan in East Asia, and Vietnam and Indonesia in Southeast Asia, as well as West Asia and Africa.

Zhao Kuangyin because of his origin in Songzhou, so the official country name is Song, because the royal family surname Zhao, so it is also called Zhao Song, and because the five virtues are always said, the Song Dynasty is Huode, so it is also called Huo Song, and it is called the Great Song Dynasty. Because it is located in the north relative to the later Southern Song Dynasty, it is also called the Northern Song Dynasty.

Later Zhou Taizu Guo Wei became the founding emperor of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and Zhao Kuangyin played an important role in the support, so he was promoted to the head of the Eastern and Western Classes and became an officer of the forbidden army. Guo Wei sent Zhao Kuangyin to Huazhou as a deputy commander, just in time for Guo Wei's adopted son Chai Rong to be named King of Jin and serve as the Yin of Kaifeng Prefecture. Chai Rong and Zhao Kuangyin had worked together in the army for several years, and he knew Zhao Kuangyin's heroism and cleverness, so he kept Zhao Kuangyin by his side and asked him to be reappointed as the military envoy of Kaifeng Prefecture.

After the death of Guo Wei, the Taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, his adopted son Chai Rong succeeded to the throne as Zhou Shizong. Chai Rong disappeared and was succeeded by Chai Zongxun, who was only seven years old, he was still an ignorant child and could not handle any affairs, and the military affairs had to be decided by the ministers.

At this time, Zhao Kuangyin had been in charge of the army for six years, and he also brought some important generals to his side, and Yang Guangyi, Shi Shouxin, Li Jixun, Wang Xianqi, Liu Qingyi, Han Chongyun, Liu Shouzhong, Liu Tingrang, Wang Zhengzhong and other sworn as the ten brothers of the Righteous Society. Under his curtain, there are younger brother Zhao Guangyi, staff Zhao Pu, Li Chuyun and others.

Under the instruction of Zhao Kuangyin, the history of Zhenzhou and Dingzhou sent personnel into Kaifeng to send an urgent battle report to the imperial court, falsely claiming that the Khitan and the Northern Han Dynasty had joined forces to plunder the border, and asked the imperial court to send troops to defend against the enemy. Prime Minister Fan Zhen and Wang Pu did not verify the military situation, and hastily dispatched Zhao Kuangyin to lead the Suwei Forbidden Army to resist.

Later Zhou regime of Zhao Kuangyin on the way to the Northern Expedition, planning the yellow robe, forcing Chai Zongxun to abdicate, the establishment of the Song Dynasty, known as the Northern Song Dynasty, this is the famous Chen Qiaoyi mutiny, Zhao Kuangyin is the Song Taizu. At that time, in addition to the newly established Song Dynasty, there were also separatist forces such as the Later Shu, Southern Han, Southern Tang, Wu Yue, and Northern Han.

Zhao Kuangyin was the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, and he replaced the Later Zhou regime and established the Song Dynasty through the Chen Qiao Mutiny.

Zhao Kuangyin was originally a general of the Later Zhou Dynasty, won the trust of Chai Rong of the Later Zhou Shizong, and mastered the military power of the Later Zhou Dynasty. On the first day of the first month of the first month of the new year after Chai Zongxun ascended the throne, he received an urgent military situation that the Khitan and the Northern Han led troops to invade the south.

The first month of the first month is a day of joy and joy for the New Year, but the little emperor is at a loss for the sudden military situation, and the auxiliary ministers Fan Zhen and Wang Pu are in a hurry to deal with the situation.

On the second day of the first month, Murong Yanzhao, the deputy inspector in front of the palace, was sent to lead troops to meet the battle, and on the third day of the first month, Zhao Kuangyin was sent to send troops to prevent the Khitan attack. Zhao Kuangyin led the troops to Chenqiaoyi to rest, ready to show their skills and fight with the Khitan and Northern Han to the death.

On the fourth day of the first lunar month, Zhao Kuangyin woke up, but the soldiers prepared yellow robes to support him as emperor. Ten years ago, Zhao Kuangyin was still on an errand under Guo Wei, the Taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and saw with his own eyes that the soldiers were preparing to cover Guo Wei with the yellow flag and embrace him as the emperor, and then kill Bianjing and seek justice from the Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou.

Liu Chengyou killed Guo Wei's entire family because of his suspicion of Guo Wei before, and only his son Chai was honored. After Guo Wei became the emperor, Zhao Kuangyin's good brother Chai Rong also became the emperor after Guo Wei's death. Chai Rong was the master of the five generations of emperors, but when Chai Rong wanted to wave his troops to the Northern Expedition, he fell seriously ill.

Zhao Kuangyin accepted the embrace of the soldiers in yellow robes on the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, and rushed back to Bianjing to launch a coup d'état on the fifth day of the Lunar New Year. Zhao Kuangyin sent people to inform the news, and his subordinates opened the city gate to greet him, except for the killing of Han Tong and his entire family, who opposed it, the process of the coup was peaceful.

Fan Zhen and Wang Pu knelt to welcome the new emperor, Zhao Kuangyin promised and erected a monument to protect the Hou Zhou royal family, and Hanlin Chengzhi Tao Gu took out the pre-written edict of abdication, and everything was perfectly executed in the plan.

What about the military situation of the Khitan and Northern Han allied forces going south? That should be the least important thing, because this incident has never happened in history, only the record of Chen Qiao's mutiny and the addition of yellow robes for five days.

So since the founding of the Song Dynasty, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin began his struggle to unify the whole country. It successively eliminated the three kingdoms of Nanping, Houshu and Southern Han, and defeated the relatively powerful Southern Tang. After that, Wu Yue, Fujian, Zhangquan and other local forces successively settled in the Song Dynasty, and later destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty and basically unified the whole country, so that the chaotic situation gradually ended.

Within half a year after Song Taizu ascended the throne, there were two jiedu envoys who raised troops against the Song Dynasty, and Song Taizu personally went out to conquer and took a lot of effort to pacify them. For this matter, Song Taizu was always not very sure. Once, he talked to Zhao Pu alone and asked him: "Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, there have been five dynasties, endless wars, I don't know how many people have died, what is the truth of this?"

Zhao Pu said: "The reason is very simple, the country is chaotic, the problem is that the power of the feudal town is too great, if the military power is concentrated in the imperial court, the world will naturally be peaceful." ”

Song Taizu nodded again and again, appreciating Zhao Pu's good words, and later Zhao Pu said to Song Taizu: "The generals of the forbidden army, Shi Shouxin and Wang Xianqi, have too much military power, so it is better to transfer them out of the forbidden army." ”

Song Taizu said: "Don't worry, these two people are my old friends and will not oppose me." ”

Zhao Pu said: "I'm not worried about their rebellion, but in my opinion, these two people don't have the talent to command, but they can't control the soldiers below." One day, the people below will make trouble, but I am afraid that they will not be able to help themselves. ”

Song Taizu knocked on his forehead and said, "I owe you a reminder." ”

A few days later, Song Taizu held a banquet in the palace and invited several veterans such as Shi Shouxin and Wang Xianqi to drink.

After a few rounds of drinking, Song Taizu ordered the eunuch who was waiting next to him to withdraw, he picked up a glass of wine, asked everyone to toast first, and said: "If I didn't have your help, I wouldn't have the status I have now, but where do you know that it is also very difficult to be an emperor, so it is better to be at ease." To tell you the truth, I haven't had a good night's sleep in the past year. ”

Shi Shouxin and the others were very surprised when they heard this, and hurriedly asked what the reason was. Song Taizu said: "This still doesn't understand?

When Shi Shouxin and the others heard the words, everyone panicked, knelt on the ground and said, "Why did Your Majesty say such a thing? Now that the world has been settled, who would dare to be half-hearted to Your Majesty?"

Song Taizu shook his head and said, "I still can't believe in a few of you?" I'm afraid that among your subordinates, some people are greedy for wealth and wealth and put yellow robes on you, can you do it if you want to?"

When Shi Shouxin and the others heard this, they felt that a catastrophe was coming, and they kowtowed again and again, and said with tears in their eyes: "We are all rough people, I didn't expect this, please guide your majesty to a way out." ”

Song Taizu said: "For your sake, you might as well hand over your military power, go to the local government to be an idle official, buy some land and houses, leave some family business for your children and grandchildren, and live happily in your old age." Wouldn't it be better for me to be married to you, and to have no suspicion of each other?"

Shi Shouxin and the others said in unison: "Your Majesty has thought too much about us. ”

As soon as the banquet was dispersed, everyone went home, and the next day, everyone handed over a piece of music, saying that they were old and sick, and asked for resignation. Song Taizu immediately complied, took back their military power, rewarded them with a large amount of property, and sent them to various places to be envoys of festivals.

History refers to this event as a glass of wine to release military power.

After a period of time, some festival envoys came to the capital to meet him. Song Taizu held a banquet in the Imperial Garden. Taizu said: "You are all old ministers of the country, and now the affairs of the feudal town are so busy, and I still want you to do this kind of drudgery, I really don't want to go." ”

A well-behaved envoy immediately replied: "I have no merit, and it is not suitable to stay in this position, I hope Your Majesty will let me return to my hometown." ”

There is also a festival that makes it uninteresting, and he chatters and praises his experience, saying how many credits he has made. When Song Taizu heard this, he frowned and said, "This is all old accounts, why mention it?"

The next day, Song Taizu relieved all the military powers of these jiedu envoys.

After Song Taizu took back the military power of the local generals, he established a new military system, selecting elite soldiers from the local army and organizing them into a forbidden army, which was directly controlled by the emperor, and the local administrators were also appointed by the imperial court. Through these measures, the newly established Northern Song dynasty began to stabilize.