At the same time that it was decided to go south to attack the Song Dynasty at the meeting of the kings of Talanta, Ögedai also sent two armies to the west, the main task of which was to conquer the countries left behind by Genghis Khan.

One army made an expedition to Persia and other places to destroy the remnants of Zalandin, and the other army was tasked with an expedition to the Kipchak and Briar tribes. The army that conquered Persia marched relatively smoothly, and Zalandin was defeated and fled, and was killed by the Quertes. However, the expedition to Kipchak and other places encountered stubborn resistance, because the people there were difficult to attack, so Ögedai organized the eldest son's western expeditionary army according to the advice of Chagatai.

Hu Gexi said: "The rules for sending the eldest son on the expedition this time were proposed by Chagatai. Chagatai said: I can send the elder of my sons to go out on the expedition, and the reinforcements will be sent to the platform. If the eldest son is sent out to fight, the army will be strong and powerful. There were many enemies over there, many enemy countries, and the soldiers were strong, and it is said that the people killed themselves with their weapons when they were angry, and their weapons were very sharp. ”

Ogedai continued: "This is the word of my consultation, and according to the zealous words of Chagatai, I can order the eldest sons to go on the expedition, and proclaim to all the places to order the kings of Ba Kuo, Buli, Guyuk, and Monge to go on the expedition. ”

Chagatai's proposal to form a westward expedition with the eldest son as the main force was very important, and it ensured the victory of the westward expedition, consolidated the results of Genghis Khan's westward expedition, and contributed to the establishment of the Kipchak Khanate, thus making the Great Mongol Khanate exist for hundreds of years in history.

For the personnel of the various noble armies and the leaders of the western expeditionary army, Ogedei made a clear stipulation: "Among the people who are in charge of this expedition, whoever is in charge of the people should order his eldest son to go on the expedition among his sons." Whoever leads the people, the heads of ten thousand households, the heads of a thousand households, the heads of a hundred households, and the heads of ten households, should also order his eldest son to go on the expedition. Princesses and horses should also order their eldest sons to go on the expedition according to the rules. ”

Among the sons of Tulei Khan, the eldest son of Möngke Khan and his brother Pachi, the eldest son of the Ögedai family, Guiyou Khan and his brother Hedan, among the sons of Chagatai were Buri and Baitar and his brother Kolejian of Hehan, and the sons of Jochi were Batu, Chatar, Xiban and Tang Wuti.

Batu, the founder of the Kipchak Khanate, the second son of Genghis Khan's eldest son Jochi, and his mother was the daughter of the Hongjira tribe according to Chen Nayan. He was one of the most prominent military commanders in Mongol history, and the Mongols called him Sain Khan because of his leniency towards his subordinates.

After Jochi's death, Batu was favored by his brothers and succeeded his father. Wokotai convened the Kuritai Conference, listened to the suggestion of the second brother Chagatai, and decided that the eldest son of the king of each line would lead the expedition to Kipchak, Russia, Poland and other countries, and Batu was the eldest of the kings, so he led the whole army to the west, so it is also called the eldest son's westward expedition.

Genghis Khan once gave the steppes west of the Shihe River in Yeer, namely Shemipalatinsk, Akmolensk, Turkgai, Uralsk, Atai and the kingdom of Huazim, to his eldest son Jochi, who left this territory to his sons, especially his second son, Batu, who, after his victory in the expedition, incorporated all the territories of the former Kipchaks and Bulgars into the territory, and became the suzerainty of the Rus' principalities.

The Khanate of Batu was a large area in Europe alone, consisting first of all of the longitudinal steppe belt north of the Black Sea, the Ural Valley, the lower reaches of the Don, Donets, Dnieper and Bug rivers, the mouth of the Dniester River and the lower reaches of the Prut River. It also encompasses the rolling steppes of the northern Caucasus that run through the basins of the Kuban, Kuma and Terek rivers.

It encompasses the entire area of the Scythians of ancient Europe, but it also extends into the land of the Bolgars, to the arable land and forest areas irrigated by the middle reaches of the Volga and its tributary, the Kama River. The Mongolian steppe of Europe, the vast expanse of Europe, is a vast and uninhabited steppe.

"Further east, along the road there is nothing to be seen except heaven and earth, and sometimes the sea is near, and from time to time you can see a tomb two miles away, which the Kubarians call Kurgan. ”

The fact that the Turkic troops, led by the Mongols, roamed the deserted place, since no more than four thousand true Mongols were assigned to Batu, and the rest of the Batu army was made up of those Turks who had joined the Mongols, namely the Kipchaks, the Bolgars, the Oghuth, etc., which explains why the Khanate of Jochi so quickly acquired Turkic characteristics.

The nomadic life led Batu to move along the banks of the Volga River, and in the spring he traveled up the river to the former Bolgar land and the trading town of the Bolgars on the banks of the Kama River, where Mongolian coins were minted. In August he began to sail down the river and set up camp at the mouth of the river, which heralded the establishment of his capital, the Great Salé.

Lubrooke was allowed to come to his camp: "Batu sat on a high chair shaped like a bed, painted with gold lacquer, and led by three steps. Next to him sat a concubine, others to his right and to the left of the concubine. At the entrance to the tent there was a stool with a myth and a large gold and silver cup studded with precious stones. Batu looked at us carefully, and his face was a little red. ”

One of Batu's brothers, Erda, although he was the first in the family, played only a small role in the family's affairs, and he was given the land of Kazakhstan as a fief. In the south, his fiefdom included the right bank of the Syr Darya River, approximately from the city of Segnak near the Karatau Mountains to the Syr Darya Delta on the Aral Sea, and also included this narrow strip of land that stretched from the left bank of the Syr Darya Delta to the Amu Darya Delta, so that he controlled almost the entire area on the eastern shore of the Aral Sea. In the north, he controlled the Sare River basin and the Uluta Mountains that separated the Sare River basin from the Turkai plain.

The Khanate of Batu will historically be called the Kipchak Khanate, or Golden Horde, and the Khanate of Urda will be called the White Horde.

Batu was the head of Genghis Khan's long branch and had a considerable influence on the general policy of the Mongols, but he never made a claim to the supreme throne. In the early days, he even respected his grandfather's decision to pass on the empire to the Ogedai family.

This abstention can be explained by the suspicious origins of Jochi, the wife of Genghis Khan and the mother of the four kings, who was abducted by the leader of the Mirbeg around the time of his wife. The question of the legitimacy of Jochi seems to have been deliberately left on hold. Genghis Khan's lack of affection for his eldest son, as well as the strange behavior of Jochi after the siege of the Jade Dragon Jiechi, after which he spent the last five years in his fiefdoms, namely in the Turgai, Emba and Ural rivers, did not participate in the wars fought by Genghis Khan. Eventually, the conflict between father and son became almost public, and these circumstances initially doomed the Jochi family to a somewhat inconspicuous role.

Batu brought down the Ogedai family and succeeded the Tuolei family, avenging his family. His decisive intervention in Arakamak and his sending of his younger brother Berge to Mongolia to support the accession of Möngke, the son of Tuolei, to the throne at the expense of the Ögedei family.

Undoubtedly, Möngke owed his throne to Batu, a gift he never forget. When he told Lubrook that his power with Batu shone like the sun on the whole world, it seemed to imply a kind of co-rule over the empire.

Lubrooke saw that the delegates in Batu in Möngke were more respected than the delegates in Batu in Batu. The Mongol world was effectively divided between the Great Khan Möngke and the Great Brother Batu, and the border line between them crossed the steppe between the Chu and Talas rivers. Batu enjoyed the status of the supreme arbiter and proponent of the Great Khan among the other members of Genghis Khan's family.

There were various evaluations of Batu himself, with the Mongols calling him Saith Khan, or Good Khan, praising his kindness and generosity. To the European world, however, he was the instigator of the indescribable brutality he had committed in the various campaigns of Russia, Poland and Hungary that were able to characterize him. He was gentle, kind, and kind to his own people, but he was very cruel in war.

Through Slavic Russia, Poland, Silesia and Moravia, it entered Hungary and Romania. In this war, representatives of all branches of the Genghis Khan family participated, and the organization of this war was mainly beneficial to the pull. He was the commander-in-chief of the whole army, at least formally, and the strategic guidance was not carried out quickly, but it was carried out in the name of Batu, and as a result, Batu alone profited from the war.

The war not only defeated the last Kipchak Turks, but also conquered the Rus' principalities of Ryazan, Suzdal, Tver, Kiev and Galich, which had been vassal states of the Kipchak Khanate for more than two hundred years. It was a strictly vassal relationship that lasted until the end of the fifteenth century, as the khans could depose the princes of Rus at will, and they were obliged to go to the camp of the khans in the lower Volga and kowtow to the khans.

This policy of humility and subordination began with Grand Duke Yaroslav of Vladimir, who for the first time pledged his allegiance to Batu, who recognized him as the head of the Rus' princes. Daniel, the prince of Galich, also came to show his submission and demanded that a ceremony be held for his inauguration. Yaroslav's son, the heir, Grand Duke Alexander Nevisky, at least in order to be able to deal with the Rus' enemies in the Baltic, took full advantage of this strict Mongol protective relationship.

Accepting this enslavement is only a means, by which the state can get through difficult times. Moscovi was enslaved by the Mongols until the end of the fifteenth century, when Ivan III liberated it. The history of the Kipchak Khanate is fundamentally different from that of several other Genghis khanates.

In other areas conquered by the Mongols, the Mongols took advantage of their environment to varying degrees, learning lessons from the conquered lands. In China, Kublai Khan and his descendants became Chinese; in Iran, the descendants of the Xulegu represented by Ghazan, Wanzhdu, and Busein became Persian sultans.

On the other hand, their cousins, the khans of South Russia, were not won over by the Slavic Byzantine civilization and became Rus'. As their place names suggest, they remained the heirs of the Kipchak Khan, the nomadic tribes of the Kipchak Turks. So they are only the successors of the Kuman Turks who have no history, have no memory of past events, and do not seem to have lived in the Russian steppe.

After several years of conquest, the Mongol expedition to the west brought the people of the eleven kingdoms into obedience. They took counsel and said, "Before the triumph, let us hold a parting feast." ”

So he set up a big tent and held a banquet, and it was at this banquet that there was a conflict between Guiyu, Buri and Badu. Batu thought that he was older than all the sect kings present, and drank a glass or two of wine first, but he didn't expect this incident to cause dissatisfaction among Buli and Guiyu.

When they were on their horses and departed, they said, "Why did he drink first?" He is only worthy to be compared with the bearded old woman, and I will kick him with my heel and trample him with my foot. ”

"We smashed the chests of the old women with bows and arrows. ”

Har Hasun, the son of Elgi, said, "Give them a wooden tail."

Buri even lashed out at Batu for not being a real member of the Golden Family, because Batu's father was the illegitimate son of Mi'erbeg, and the banquet ended unhappily. Not long after this incident, Guiyou and Meng Ge were ordered to return to the Mongolian steppe first.

Batu led the Mongol army on his way, and his target was the Qiwa of Zaras, where a massacre was carried out after the city was broken. Then the main Mongol army stormed the city of Uladimir, and King Nidanr fled to Mazar, where it was breached six days later.

On the pretext of pursuing the fleeing enemy, the Mongol army divided into two routes, one led by the Batu brothers, with the famous general Subutai as the vanguard, and the other led by King Bai Daer and Subutai's son Wuliang Hetai into Xireel as a cover for the main army. At that time, the Polish king Boleslav III died for more than a year, the four sons were in dispute, and the civil war was raging, and the Mongol army took advantage of the situation to destroy the Polish defenders.

Henry, Grand Duke of Silesia, gathered 30,000 Polish, Germanic and Teutonic knights and fought a decisive battle with the Mongols on five fronts. The Mongol army advanced to Legniz and also met it in five directions. The Polish-German coalition was defeated, and Archduke Henry was killed. The Mongol army cut off an ear from the corpse of each enemy and packed nine large bags of it, after which the army withdrew from Sereel and went to Mazar to join Bat.

The Mongol army, under the command of Batu and Subutai, entered Hungary in three ways. The first route is led by the former ban, the second route is personally commanded by Batu, and the third route is commanded by the king of the sect, Hedan. Concentrating his forces opposite the city of Pest, in Pest, King Béla IV of Hungary hastily gathered his army in preparation for a decisive battle with the Mongol army.

Before this battle, Batu, like his grandfather Genghis Khan, climbed to the heights and spent the whole day and night praying to the gods of Tengri, the gods, and the Mongols. The two armies confronted each other on the Sayue River. By the night of the 10th and 11th, Subutai ordered the army to cross the river and surround the enemy army on two flanks.

The decisive task was taken over by Batu's younger brother Shabran, and the Hungarians were defeated, slaughtered or fled, and the Mongols captured and burned the city of Pest. In December, Batu crossed the Danube from the ice and captured the city of Gran.

At this time, the Great Khan of Ögedei in Mongolia died, and the succession problem caused the Mongols to withdraw from Hungary. Batu passed through Bulgaria, along the Black Sea, passing through Wallagya and Moldavia to return to his camp in the lower Volga. From then on, in history he was named after the land he conquered, known as the Kipchak Khanate.