The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, including the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms, was a period of chaos in Chinese history, beginning with the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the establishment of the Song Dynasty, and the unification of China until the Song Dynasty unified the remaining countries of the Ten Kingdoms. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

After the Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the situation of feudal towns became more serious, and some powerful feudal towns were successively crowned kings, and the feudal states established were actually highly independent kingdoms.

After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, various feudal towns became independent, and the military power in North China formed five dynasties in the Central Plains, some of which were founded by the Shatuo tribe. Although these five were powerful, they were unable to control the entire country, and they were only feudal courts. As for the other feudal towns that divided one side, some established themselves as emperors, and some called kings and vassals according to the five dynasties, and ten of the countries that lasted for a long time and were called kings were collectively called the Ten Kingdoms.

During this period, there were often cases of local powerful factions defecting and seizing the throne, which made the war more and more chaotic, and the rulers were more and more military and light. China's civil strife also gave the Khitan the opportunity to invade the south, and the Liao Dynasty was established. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were an important period in Chinese history, during which the Dingyan Army, later the Western Xia and Jing Navy, gradually became independent, and Vietnam, which became the Jing Navy, became permanently separated from China.

The five dynasties are the Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, and five dynasties, known as the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Later Zhou. Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty to establish the Later Liang, which was the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and Li Cunmiao, the son of Li Keyong, the king of the Jin Dynasty who was entrenched in Taiyuan, destroyed the Later Liang and the Later Tang Dynasty.

The five generations of kings after the Later Tang Dynasty are all from Li Keyong's descendants and subordinates, the Later Tang Dynasty has undergone the expansion and rectification of the Later Tang Mingzong, and the national strength is strong, but after the civil strife, it was defeated by the Khitan army led by Shi Jingjiao, and the Later Jin Dynasty was established. Soon the relationship between the Khitan and the Later Jin deteriorated, and the Khitan army went south to destroy the Later Jin and establish the Liao Dynasty.

Liu Zhiyuan established the Later Han Dynasty in Taiyuan and recovered the Central Plains. Guo Wei usurped the Later Han Dynasty to establish the Later Zhou, and the Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong worked hard to make the Later Zhou faintly have the hope of dominating the world, but Chai Rong unfortunately died of illness during the Northern Expedition to Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures. Later Zhou was then usurped by Zhao Kuangyin, and the Northern Song Dynasty was established, and the Five Dynasties ended.

In terms of the Ten Kingdoms, the Jiangnan region was the strongest in the early days with the Wu State, which was later usurped by Li Yu and founded the Southern Tang Dynasty, followed by the Wu Yue State and the Min State. Huguang was occupied by Jingnan, Southern Chu and Southern Han. The Southern Tang Dynasty had the strongest national strength, and successively attacked and destroyed the Min State and the Chu State, but the national strength declined due to the repeated use of troops, and finally lost to the Later Zhou.

Shu has the former Shu and the latter Shu, the country is rich and strong, it is second only to the Southern Tang Dynasty, but it is in peace and happiness, and finally died in the Central Plains. The Northern Han Dynasty was the only one of the Ten Kingdoms in the north, and it was founded by Liu Zheng, the younger brother of Liu Zhiyuan, the ancestor of the Later Han Dynasty. After Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, he and his younger brother Song Taizong swept away the heroes one after another, and finally defeated the Northern Han Dynasty, basically unified the whole country, and the Ten Kingdoms ended.

After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and took the opportunity to become bigger and stronger in various feudal towns. After the Huangchao Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty appeared in a situation where there were thousands of miles away and no fireworks.

The peasant uprising led by Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao was the largest peasant rebellion in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, and Wang Xianzhi was the first in the history of the Chinese civil uprising to put forward the slogan of average. However, this peasant uprising, after paying the price of 8 million lives, has a tragic end. The peasant rebels initially revolted in order to survive, but after seizing power, the land was quickly distorted, and finally developed into cannibalism, eating dozens to a million civilians.

The great Huangchao was the most famous leader of the peasant uprising in the last years of the Tang Dynasty, a native of Heze, Shandong, who died heroically due to the betrayal of a traitor.

Huang Chao was born in a wealthy family, his father was a salt merchant, and his family was wealthy, Huang Chao also sold illegal salt as a business when he was young, and later felt that it was not very decent, so he took the imperial examination, but unexpectedly had bad luck, and he failed to pass the exam several times. Huang Chao slowly erected a firm belief in failure after failure, and after a failure, he wrote famous poems.

"When autumn comes, September 8, I will kill a hundred flowers after the flowers bloom. The heavenly incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the city is full of golden armor. ”

The great Huang Chao and the forerunner Wang Xianzhi launched an uprising in Puyang, Henan, and when Wang Xianzhi moved to Caozhou, Huang Chao led eight brothers and nephews to participate in the uprising and belonged to Wang Xianzhi. At that time, Tang Xizong was only thirteen years old, the little emperor did not understand state politics at all, the military and political power of the Tang Dynasty was in the hands of a group of eunuchs, Wang Xianzhi made a storm in Henan and Shandong, attacked the city and developed and expanded, and gradually threatened the eastern capital Luoyang, and the reactionary rule of the Tang Dynasty was in danger.

Wang Xianzhi was at the critical moment of victory, things changed unexpectedly, the court couldn't beat Wang Xianzhi, and even resorted to a killer move, Zhao'an. Feng Wang Xianzhi was the commander of Zuo Shence's army, and sent eunuchs to pacify. Wang Xianzhi, like Song Jiang in later generations, was immediately shaken and was overjoyed and ready to accept the title. Huang Chao was very angry: "Why did everyone revolt together, the official has a share of your surname Wang, but not my surname Huang?"

Huang Chao sternly accused Wang Xianzhi and said: "You are an official alone, what should you do with the brothers? The troops are handed over to me to take them, you get out of here!"

Huang Chao launched a surprise attack on Wang Xianzhi, Wang Xianzhi was injured in the head, and he did not dare to become an official, and the rebels parted ways.

Three years later, Wang Xianzhi was hot-headed and made the same mistake again, he asked the court to surrender, and the cunning Tang army made a promise while capturing and killing Wang Xianzhi's lieutenant Shang Junchang, and then defeated Wang Xianzhi and beheaded him. Shang Junchang's younger brother Shang Rang, led the remnants to serve Huang Chao as the king, known as the general of the sky.

Huang Chao once raised troops in the north and south of the Huai River, and led hundreds of thousands of heroes to cross the Yangtze River to the south and attack Jiaozhou and Guangzhou. During this period, Huang Chao even made the mistake of surrendering, and once begged to surrender twice. In the first battle of western Zhejiang, Huang Chao's troops suffered heavy casualties, Huang Chao surrendered to Tang Tianping's army, and the imperial court awarded the post of right guard general. Later, Huang judged the situation and found that the Tang Dynasty feudal towns had different orders in order to protect themselves, so they soon rebelled and moved to eastern Zhejiang.

Before going south to attack Guangzhou, Huang Chao first asked Li Yuan, the envoy of Jiedu, to be the envoy of Tianping Jiedu, and after being refused, he asked to be the envoy of Annan and Guangzhou. The right servant of the Tang Dynasty shot Yu Cong Shangshu to object: "Once Huangchao is crowned as the protector of Annan and the envoy of Guangzhou, and the trade of ships in Nanhai City is prosperous, the Huangchao troops will be richer, but the treasury will be one and the other, if Huangchao rebels again, it will be even more impossible to contain." ”

So the imperial court issued an edict: Jie Du envoy, this is really not available; Huang Chao received the edict, thinking that the official position was too small, and went crazy, so he rushed to attack Guangzhou, captured Li Zhen alive, and called himself the commander of the righteous army.

Huang Chao led the army to the north, crossed the Huai River and pointed directly at the eastern capital Luoyang, and the title was also changed from the general of the sky to the general of the land.

Immediately afterwards, Tongguan, the gateway to Chang'an, was also captured, the Beijing division was shaken, and Tang Xizong fled to Xianyang in embarrassment. Huang Chao led an army of 600,000 from Luoyang to Chang'an, as if he had entered a no-man's land. The ministers of the Tang Dynasty greeted Bashang, and Huang Chao rode into Beijing in a golden car, and thousands of palace maids greeted him.

Huang Chao said proudly: "All this is really providential." ”

The rebel army entered Chang'an with a large number of baggage, met poor people, and even sent clothes and money, which was a harmonious scene. Shang Rang also promised the citizens of Chang'an: "The king of Huangchao is revolting for the people of Li in the world, unlike the Li Tang royal family, who does not know how to comfort the people." You all stay home and don't move, and make sure everyone is safe. ”

Since Wang Xianzhi's first uprising, he has fought a battle for six years and finally won. So Huang Chao ascended the throne as the emperor, and the country was called Daqi. The new imperial court was established, and the Great Qi began to fight the local tyrants and divide the land, and the end of the officials of the previous dynasty came. However, the strange thing is that the local tyrants fought back and forth, and the struggle was immediately expanded, so that Shang Rang's promise not long ago was completely defeated, and the property of ordinary people and businessmen and wealthy people also became the target of looting by the Huang Chao army.

The Huang Chaojun even called the act of asking for money Taobao, as if there were ownerless items everywhere for them to treasure for. After Taobao, countless soldiers looted in Chang'an City, competing for beautiful women, burning markets and shops, and killing people all over the streets.

During the period when the Huang Chao army enjoyed the glory and wealth in Chang'an, the Tang Dynasty got a precious respite, and the imperial court began to gather troops from all over the country to enter the king of Jingqin. After the Tang general Wang Chucun once attacked Chang'an City, and after being driven out, the Huangchao army blamed the people for welcoming the Tang army when they entered the city, so they killed the people and killed 80,000 Chang'an citizens in one go, bleeding into a canal. Then the Tang general Li Keyong defeated the Huangchao army, recovered the Beijing division, and the Huangchao army retreated eastward to the Kwantung region. In just three years, the Great Qi Kingdom was unfortunately destroyed.

Huang Chao continued to retreat eastward, arriving at Chenzhou, where he made a major event that made Huang Chao famous in the world, and this event went down in history even more than he had been an emperor.

Here's the thing, Meng Kai was the first to follow the Huangchao uprising, Meng Kai's troops were the first to enter Chenzhou, but Chen Zhou's assassin Zhao Li was not a fuel-efficient lamp, Meng Kai was defeated, and Meng Kai was captured, in order to show the rebels' determination to never compromise, Zhao Li also ordered someone to behead Meng Kai.

Meng Kai's sacrifice made Huang Chao extremely sad and angry, just like Liu Bei killed Guan Yu back then, Huang Chao led an army of at least 200,000 to surround Chen Zhou. But Zhao Li had already prepared, and had long been constantly building moats, accumulating grain and grass, and curing weapons, before the arrival of the Yellow Nest, Zhao Li also engaged in fortifying the walls and clearing the wilderness, and moved all the residents within a radius of sixty miles into the city, and at the same time recruited a large number of warriors, led by Zhao Li's younger brother and son, to strengthen the city defense.

As a result, Huang Chao was unable to attack Chenzhou. Huang Chao's temper is very big, 200,000 troops, the small Chenzhou can't be attacked, where is the emperor's face to go? This stalemate does not matter, it has been a stalemate for 10 months for more than 300 days, and Chenzhou still has not broken through. At this time, the official army advanced step by step, Shang Rang and Huang Ye lost the battle again, and Huang Chao had to lead the army to leave.

Then there is a key question, the 200,000-strong army has been fighting for more than 300 days, and there are no civilians within a radius of 60 miles, what do the soldiers eat?

Huang Chaojun ran to 60 miles away to catch people to Chungmo Village, put them alive into a stone mortar, and then crushed people with meat and bones into meat paste with a giant basket like Chung rice, so as to fill the army rations. During the more than 300 days and nights of the siege of Chenzhou, Huang Chao mobilized hundreds of such giant machines to start work at the same time, and worked in the assembly line, day and night. A large number of living villagers, regardless of men and women, young and old, were all included in the giant squirrel and crushed into minced meat in an instant.

The common people around Chenzhou were eaten up, and in order to expand the source of raw material supply, he plundered troops in all directions, and dozens of prefectures such as Henan, Xu, Ru, Tang, Deng, Meng, Zheng, Bian, Cao, Xu, and Yan were all poisoned by him.

After the siege of Chenzhou, the Huang Chao army immediately embarked on the end of the road, Huang Chao became more suspicious and repeatedly killed the generals, causing Li Yan, Yang Neng, Huo Cun, Ge Congzhou, Zhang Guihou, Zhang Guiba and many others to surrender to the Tang army. The people's hearts were scattered, the team was not easy to lead, and even the long-tested Shang Rang led 10,000 horses to defect to the Tang army at a critical moment, Huang Chao died at the hands of Shang Rang, and all his brothers and nephews were killed.

The vigorous peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty finally failed after paying the price of 8 million deaths in the country under the joint strangulation of feudal aristocrats and traitors. The revolution has not yet succeeded, so who will work on it, comrades?

Huang Chao is a rogue, a cannibal demon king, the people revolt is actually to be the emperor himself, and before he can sit in the seat, he wantonly looted the people, and he is cruel and easy to kill, even the corrupt Tang Dynasty rulers are not as good, and he has never put the lives of the people in his eyes.