At the moment of 85 years, Yang Rui is still quite confident in his gender identification technology. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ

The gender identification of embryos is originally the highest threshold for embryo transfer.

Not to mention the fact that the invention of PCR was not long ago.

PCR can be said to be the most powerful general technology born in the field of biotechnology in recent years, and its impact on biology is no less than the impact of the Watt steam engine on the industrial world.

Moreover, the impact of PCR is faster and stronger.

If it is an exaggeration to say that every machine shop during the Industrial Revolution had one or more Watt steam engines, it is not an exaggeration to say that modern biological laboratories have one or more PCR machines in each room.

Of course, there is a process of development for any technology, and the more general the technology, the more so.

In 1983, when PCR was just born, scholars were still a little confused, but by the end of 85 years, many applications have been developed.

Embryo identification with PCR is a technique that has only been developed for a year.

Prior to this, embryo identification was still using the method of cytogenetic analysis, which was very complicated to do, and the accuracy rate was not high, at least it could not be compared with PCR technology with a stable 95% accuracy rate.

In China, the accuracy rate of many laboratories is only 80% when using cytogenetic analysis methods for gender determination.

It sounds good, but 80 points on the exam paper still seems to be a good score.

However, the 80% accuracy rate can be said to be a disaster in practical application, and it is almost difficult to use.

Suppose a farmer needs 100 heifer calves and ends up with 80 heifer calves and 20 calves, the problem is not solved by good - only the legendary calves can solve the problem.

Of course, the restaurant likes cheap and good calves, but the farmers don't.

If that's true for 100 cows, what about 1,000,000 cows?

If you think about the needs of the company, you can understand the seriousness of this problem.

For the company, the only thing they need is cows, because their goal is to expand the population, as for the young bulls, the domestic market prospects are not very good, and most importantly, they breed in dollars, and sporadic meat sales can only get yuan.

In other words, 80% of the correct rate, for the animal husbandry company, is an additional 20% of the foreign exchange expenses. This is, of course, an unbearable expense.

For the big ranchers, among the 1 million bulls ready to sell meat, 200,000 cows suddenly appeared, eating a lot, not fat, and the meat was not beautiful, and could not be sold as calf meat. Finally, it is better to grow naturally without the scheme of gender identification and control, and then sell the heifers.

Therefore, accuracy and correctness are the key points of gender identification and gender control.

In the pre-PCR era, the livestock industry was not very successful in terms of gender identification and gender control, and most farmers and agricultural institutions would not adopt this costly and ineffective solution.

In the post-PCR era, extremely high accuracy and correctness have brought revolutionary changes.

However, Yang Rui's paper is not prepared to consider this revolutionary change.

His dissertation focuses more on the application of PCR.

As the inventor of PCR, expanding the scope of PCR technology again is originally a gimmick that journals like - academic journals also need gimmicks, for example, experiments done with Einstein's brain cells are more interesting than experiments done by anonymous brain cells.

Academic journals are a kind of journal after all, and they also need attention and recognition from scholars.

Of course, this alone is not enough to be featured in Nature.

After all, it is the world's premier and famous journal, and the gimmick is the icing on the cake.

What Yang Rui really has confidence in is the primers he designed.

Primers are the prerequisite for PCR. If PCR is described as a computer, primers are applications of that computer. Doing different experiments requires designing different applications. Primers in the 21st century already have a universal design template, and the work is relatively simple, which can be compared to the operating system of a computer, but in 1985, the newly born PCR technology is more like a complex mainframe, with neither an operating system available, nor an easy input and output method, and each research requires additional design and specialized applications.

At this time, the primers designed by Yang Rui are actually an excellent model.

Yang Rui believes that there will be many scholars who are willing to take a look at the PCR primers he made himself.

Although it is far from perfect, there is nothing perfect in academics.

On the other hand, Yang Rui sent his paper to Darbeko and other scholars at the same time, which was not only to make further exchanges with them, but also to beat the side drum.

The exchange of work through letters is something that Western scholars have been familiar with for hundreds of years, and some of Gauss's research is still collected from his correspondence.

Before e-mail became widespread, scholars from all over the world basically maintained this method of communication.

Anyway, for academic research, a delay of a few days or more than a dozen days is nothing.

Darbeko and others were also happy to learn about Yang Rui's work. As far as the current development of biology is concerned, there are only a few fist figures, and Yang Rui can barely be among them, so everyone naturally has the desire to understand him.

In general, Yang Rui wants to publish a paper in Nature, which is not as easy as a domestic journal, but it is not too difficult.

Even Yang Rui himself doesn't know much about his influence, and this paper can also be regarded as an attempt.

Yang Rui waited quietly, and by the way, he continued to direct the genetic engineering laboratory to carry out systematic experiments - the first batch of 10 Simmental cattle were led into the backyard of the genetic engineering laboratory.

The improvised cattle pens are a little rudimentary, but the Simmental cattle probably don't care.

Several experimenters looked at these cattle curiously, and for those who are used to scalpers, the sturdy Simmental cattle are indeed much taller and stronger. In terms of volume, it is a bit like the gap between the Chinese pastoral dog and Erha.

Sun Zhengchu and Wang Ziang quickly did a physical examination for 10 cows and recorded the data.

Both of them are traditional geneticists who have been solving physiological problems for animals for many years.

The ten new cows have become the responsibility of Sun Zhengchu and Wang Ziang.

Yang Rui basically doesn't have to manage anymore, he doesn't know how to raise cattle, and he doesn't know how to take care of the happy life of cattle, in fact, he doesn't need to do this.

Now that all the points have been breached, all that is needed is to do it again in the same order as before.

(To be continued.) )