Chapter 109: Clearing the Fields

In February of the 11th year, the emperor went to Beijing, accompanied by the imperial grandson, and ordered the crown prince to supervise the country.

Queen Xu's Zigong will be buried in the mausoleum built in Tianshou Mountain, on the day of the trip, the kings and princesses gathered in the Kunning Palace again, the last time the family all gathered together, was three years ago Queen Xu's great auspiciousness, at that time everyone had stopped talking, and now the family seems to have nothing to say.

Zhang Zhaohua's gaze swept over everyone in the hall, looking at them either sad or happy, all of them showed a sad look, and couldn't help but feel sad and cry loudly.

Before the struggle for power and profit, before the heart of injustice, the brothers were all good, and then they finally fought for wealth and wealth, but they could not share it harmoniously. Zhang Zhaohua doesn't hate Gao Xu Gaosui, who is now in full swing, and even Yongan Yongping, she just can't let go. No matter how they got to this point, and how regretful they were when they came to this point, she and Gao Chi always remembered the time when Yan Yan was smiling in the Yan Wang's Mansion, and they were willing to remember it so clearly, and then a hundred years later, they regretted it but felt at ease to see the relatives they wanted to see the most.

After Zhang Zhaohua began to cry, the crying in the hall could not be stopped, and the emperor looked at them, and saw that Gao Sui even dragged out two long lines of snot, and half of them were eaten by him without realizing it - he seemed to remember the time in the palace, and the light of softness and love flashed in his blue and white eyes.

Zhang Zhaohua hadn't seen such abundant feelings in the emperor's eyes for a long time, but the emperor quickly lowered his eyelids and called his grandson over: "Take your grandmother home." ”

"Grandma," the grandson held the spirit scepter and waved it very imposingly: "Go back to Beiping, go home-"

After Zigong Ancuo went to Changping, Gao Chi and Zhang Zhaohua were listless for some days, but soon they had to deal with heavy state affairs, especially a month ago, Gu Cheng led the army to pacify the Sinan Tian clan in Guizhou, and the era when Tusi ruled Guizhou is gone, and now is a good time to change the land and return to the stream.

Before the emperor left, he focused on this matter, Guizhou Xuanzhi was abolished, and the rest was to send Liuguan to govern Guizhou's local government affairs, Guizhou was divided into eight prefectures and four prefectures such as Sizhou and Sinan, and set up a political envoy in Guiyang, Gao Chi and Jianyi Xia Yuanji selected a number of officials to go, step by step began to compile the gangster's register, set taxes, build schools, and place officials.

However, Zhang Zhaohua believes that the most important thing is to verify the acres of land in Guizhou first, "set up the agricultural department to plan the people to grant the land, Guizhou is a large place, and there are few people, although the Tusi has been suppressed, but there are still remnants, and the place is mostly Miao barbarian, I think if you can move the population from Shanxi and Henan, fill Guizhou, call the people to farm, people give 15 acres, 2 acres of vegetable land, and free rent for three years." The government gave cattle and farm tools, and if the additional reclamation was not allowed for five years, Guizhou would soon become an internal province like Henan. ”

At this time, several remote places in Guizhou and Yunnan are not actually regarded as introspection, like Yunnan is almost handed over to the Mu Mansion for full governance, Guizhou was originally also governed by Tusi, and the central government is just to preach and envelop, and the control over the local area is not large.

Xia Yuanji said: "Guizhou Tian has no acres of land, and he is a local official. And everywhere in the land, the local officials hide and confuse, which does not match the reality. If you want to call the people to plough, you must first measure the acres of land. ”

Jian Yi nodded and said: "It's just that Guizhou has many high mountains, the ground is uneven, and the steps are uneven. ”

Zhang Zhaohua waited for this sentence, and immediately took out the "Qingzhang Regulations" prepared in advance, and showed it to several people: "I have a method for recalculating the acres of land here, which is considered equal, and the gentlemen will help me see if it can be promulgated in the world." ”

In fact, the work of clearing the acres of land in the dynasty was actually very good, because at this time there was no formation of landlords, haoqiang, and gentry to hide the land and evade taxes, and Emperor Taizu Gao was very vigilant against these people, every few years to check the land, check the fish scale atlas, if the rich peasants were found, they were immediately compiled into the rich people's register, and the people were driven to Nanjing without paying attention, and the land was redistributed.

At that time, people with more than seven acres of land could be included in the register of rich people, so the official land, private land, vocational land, dang land, and pasture land in the world are very clear, but such a system actually has shortcomings, and it is very easy for local officials to exploit loopholes. For example, the passage measurement is based on the Li community system of the Yuan Dynasty, and the indigenous residents of Zhuzhou County divide the Lijia with the community, and the immigrants move over, which is naturally inferior to the original residents. The social people first occupied the good land, and the new acres of land occupied by the tun people were not only low, but also narrow, so the officials called the tun land a small mu and the community land a wide mu when they were clearing. However, all the acres of land must be verified into the quota, and the one who suffers is the tunmin, and there are divisions with large acres as small acres to Fu Hongwu's old quota for 30 years, and there are several acres of small fields as a wide acre, and the steps are uneven, and how to win and shrink depends on the local officials, so that only a few decades, there will be uneven land, and it provides a convenient door for the emerging gentry to seize the land in the future.

It is right that Zhang Zhaohua's "Qingzhang Regulations" is to uphold the method of Zhang Juzheng's Qingzhang fields in the future - Zhang Juzheng's reform is based on Qingzhang fields and acres in addition to the examination law, which is specifically aimed at Haoqiang landlords and gentry.

His method is to measure the passage of acres of land in the world, use the open method, multiply and divide by the radial circumference, and intercept and compensate for the distortion.

There are no wide acres, small acres, all the acres of land in the world, a unified measurement method, that is, the radius of the circumference multiplication and division, the approval of the acres of land, only the old, weak, sick, disabled, widows such a "deformed field", can be intercepted and supplemented.

Once this method is determined, the cunning must not be bullied, and the small people have no lack of food, but also on top of this, slowly implement the reform of enslavement, which should be the most difficult and time-consuming of all reforms, don't think that at this time all the system is created, it seems that there is no uneven enslavement and the problem of exploitation of officials, on the contrary, this situation has actually appeared, and the problem is still very serious.

At the beginning, Taizu set the world's officials and people's fields, and all the official fields were taxed five liters and five spoons, and the people's fields were reduced by two liters, and the heavy leased fields were eight liters and five spoons, and there were no official fields and two liters, but in Su, Song, Jia, and Hu, because the people here were guarding the city for Zhang Shicheng before, Emperor Gao hated it, so he increased the endowment, and the mu was doubled, and there were two or three stones. In a prefecture in Suzhou, there are more than 2,746,000 stones of autumn grain, and the official grain is about the same as that of Zhejiang Province. There are also some seaside cities such as Renhe, Haining, Kunshan, and more than 1,900 hectares of private land, which have long been flooded by the sea, and now they are still collecting taxes.

Zhang Juzheng's most famous reform is the reform of the whip law, which is to collect all kinds of labor, measure the amount of land, collect all silver, decompose the officials, and deal with the hired labor, that is, the land tax, forced labor, and other miscellaneous levies of various prefectures and counties are combined into one article, and the silver taels are collected together, and the payment is converted according to the mu, which greatly simplifies the collection procedures and makes it difficult for local officials to cheat. In fact, Zhang Zhaohua wants to implement the reform between the "two tax laws" and the "apportionment into the mu", that is, the equal apportionment of the ding tax into the field, the unified collection of land and silver, and the abolition of the poll tax.

The reform of enslavement is a very difficult matter, but without reform, it will not be possible to ensure the steady growth of the central government's fiscal revenue, and more poor people will go bankrupt, which is not conducive to social stability. At this time, reform as soon as possible will not violate the interests of the eunuchs and tyrants, nor will it arouse strong opposition, and soon after his death like Zhang Juzheng, all his hard work will be wasted. In fact, this kind of innovation is either a fierce revolution or a moderate reform, but in the end it is to carry out a new round of land and interest distribution, from the top to the bottom is called the reform of the law, called the new deal, from the bottom to the top is the rebellion and the change of dynasty.