Hearing Zhang Tianyuan get to the point, everyone stopped talking, staring carefully at Zhang Tianyuan's every move, and even the camera completely locked it, as if they were afraid of missing any detail.

In fact, everyone understands that the chicken bowl cup in Zhong Xue's hand and the ten lamps in Zhang Tianyuan's hand are from the same person, because after comparison, except for the erased mark, the rest are exactly the same.

In other words, as long as it can be proved that the ten chicken cups in Zhang Tianyuan's hand are imitations, then the one in Zhong Xue's hand is naturally an imitation.

Because of this, everyone listened very carefully, trying to figure out what was different from the real thing about the chicken bowl cup in Zhang Tianyuan's hand.

Zhang Tianyuan paused and said: "The use of different mineral material ratios to refine a variety of color materials is a great contribution of porcelain craftsmen in the Chenghua period to China's ceramic art. The late ceramic collector Mr. Sun Yingzhou once said when talking about the color characteristics of Chenghua: "Bright red is as bright as blood, and apricot yellow flashes reddish. Water green, leaf green, mountain green, etc. are all transparent. The purple color is thick and dull. Peacock blue is deep, peacock green is light and emerald transparent. The ochre purple is dark, and the grapes are purple and transparent like ripe grapes. The oil red is heavy and shiny. Turmeric is thick and weak'. It can be described as colorful and beautiful. Chenghua Doucai is also very flexible in the use of color, according to the decoration and style of the utensils, or use one or two, or choose three or four, or use five or six kinds. There are more with three or four kinds of paint, and less with one or two or five or six colors. No matter how many you choose, the color is appropriate, elegant and fresh, fresh and pleasant.

These colored materials are special mineral powders selected by the ancients, and the refining cost is more expensive than gold, because the success rate of refining is extremely low. The official kiln can only be registered and applied for according to the needs of the utensils, and it is even more economical when it is used. Don't dare to waste it. The success of Chenghua Doucai has laid a very important foundation for the development of colored porcelain for future generations, so to speak. If there is no rich color of Chenghua, there will be no achievements of Jia, Wan, Kangxi and Yongzheng pastel.

There are several special colors in Chenghua Doucai, such as a color called 'Yin Purple', which is also written as 'poor purple', which is brown. This kind of color material has no ancients, there is no one now, it is an unprecedented color, only appeared in the Chenghua years, it is a typical feature of Chenghua. It is characterized by color thickness. The color is like hematite, and the surface is dry and dull, like a feeling of cement. For example, the red color is also very special, called oil red, bright and dazzling, mostly dotted with stars or flowers in the ornamentation, it is fresher and redder than the jujube skin red from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and there is a layer of purple light on the surface of the color, which is a halo formed by the age. This kind of red material is also one of the important standards of Chenghua Doucai, and it is difficult to compare with the imitation.

Speaking of which, I'm sure everyone understands it, right? My friend is very skilled, but he has some special colors. He couldn't get it either, even though it was very close, but if you looked closely under the microscope. You can see the difference, of course. This requires very professional knowledge, and it must be in constant contact with genuine Chenghua Doucai. But there is no doubt that this can be the key to judging that this thing is an imitation. ”

"It's really hard to judge this, after all, there are only so many genuine Chenghua Doucai, and there are quite few people who have seen it, are there any other differences?" Ma Yong asked.

Zhang Tianyuan nodded and said: "These eleven chicken bowl cups have a diameter of 8.2cm, a bottom diameter of 3.85cm, and a height of 3.8cm. The foot and the bottom of the body have broken open pieces, the whole is delicate and delicate, from top to bottom with a certain arc slowly adducted, not to exaggerate and seek restraint, the line shape is smooth, and the craftsman has a unique ingenuity to make it more practical. The rim of the mouth is designed to be extravagant, making it easy to drink. In terms of decoration, the outer wall arranges a delicate and elegant mountain stone peony and a jumping hen, the chicks are all spreading their wings and jubilant and happy, two roosters one is crowing, and the other looks back at the hen foraging, the whole group of pictures is vivid and lively. ”

"If you compare these eleven chicken cups with the heirlooms of the Forbidden City, you will find that the style arrangement is basically the same. On both sides are painted a rooster, a hen, three chicks and a bug. However, if we look closely, we will see that the tail of the rooster is slightly upturned, and the chick has a sturdy and delicate body, and the tail is also upturned, which is different from many heirlooms. The chicken bowl cup in the Forbidden City, the rooster tail is drooping, the chick is fat, the tail is round and hemispherical, the tail tip is not obvious, and the back is relatively straight. The lines on the back of the chicks on the eleven chicken bowl cups are moderate, the mountain stones are painted relatively high and have shades, and the peony flowers and leaves are relatively compact. The stones of the Forbidden City are wide and short, and the peony flowers and leaves are dense and dense, and the arrangement is more beautiful. ”

"Let's break it down further. We see that the blue and white color of this remnant is thick and green, the shade of the mountain stone is obviously colored with muddy water with a small pen tip, the lines are relatively thick, the glaze is relatively moist, the layout of the mountain stone peony is also relatively compact, and the carcass is slightly thicker. The overall layout of the Forbidden City is moderate, the chickens are round and lovely, the glaze is soft and mild, the jade texture is very strong, the tire is thin and white and delicate, and the blue and white lines are slender. It shows that the porcelain industry was quite mature and developed at that time, which is the same as the characteristics of the third phase of Chenghua kiln described in the "Treasures of Chenghua Kiln", and should belong to the products of the later stage of Chenghua (Chenghua 17 to 23 years). Qing Tang Ying's "Tao Zhi Diagram Edition: Repair of Objects in Round Ware": "The creation of round ware, each style of Bo moves through thousands of times, and it is difficult to draw one if it is not a model model." …… Where the mold of a device, not repaired several times, its size and type must not match when burned. The craftsmen in this line are familiar with the kiln fire and clay properties in order to calculate the addition and subtraction to become a model. There are only three or two famous people in Jingdezhen. ’”

From this, it can be seen that cups, bowls, dishes and other round utensils must be modeled according to the pattern before making zuò, so as to unify the size and facilitate painting. Then, from this, we can see that the size and style of round ware should be the same in the same type of official kiln porcelain at the same time. I have also done this kind of "round ware" research, and the fact is the same, the size of the small pieces will not differ by ±2mm. Therefore, it can be concluded that these eleven chicken bowl cups are obviously no longer in the same period as the heirlooms of the Forbidden City, and the possibility of fakes is very high. ”

Hearing this, Jun Ruhai said: "I didn't expect your research on the heirlooms of the Forbidden City to be so detailed." Did you do your homework beforehand?"

Zhang Tianyuan shook his head and said, "It's not me who does the homework, but my friend." At that time, he made this thing, which was actually made with reference to the heirlooms of the Forbidden City. It's just that I've modified it a little, just to make it not look like it enough, and there will be some differences, so as not to be able to verify that it is a fake. ”

"But this situation will also be mistaken for the pen fun of the craftsmen at that time!" Ma Yong said with a stroke of his beard.

Zhang Tianyuan shook his head and said: "What Ma Lao said is a possibility, but in my opinion, it is not realistic. I think that under the Imperial Kiln Factory system at that time, the selection of samples was very strict, and the painters could only draw according to the samples, and there would be differences and differences in the size distance or the thickness of the lines. But it doesn't change at will, and it doesn't paint more and less than even a leaf. Therefore, it can be concluded from this that this is deliberately done by the copycat. Actually, I know this, and my friend had this in mind at the time, but you don't know, so I want to talk about it and remind everyone. ”

"I see, with so many differences, it can basically be proved that it is a fake. Jun Ruhai nodded.

In fact, when Xiao Zhang took out the ten chicken bowl cups. This identification has ended, because it is impossible for eleven identical things to appear in the Chenghua Doucai Chicken Bowl Cup at once, but this thing has to flow into the market and be scattered among the people. I really have to follow the methods that Xiao Zhang said to identify it. Ma Yong said.

"That's right, Ma Lao is so right. In the rapid development, the capital is rapidly developed. In the era of rapid development of high technology, identification is becoming more and more difficult. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for forensics. Connoisseurs should not only see and touch more, but also have rich historical knowledge, archaeological knowledge, and social experience. At the same time, we can have a comprehensive understanding and research on the process in order to more accurately identify the age and authenticity of porcelain. When identifying porcelain, it is inevitable to look at the microscopic characteristics of the tire, glaze, pigment and its reaction, and these subtle places are caused by the subtle changes in the process in each period, and now it has become an important means to identify the authenticity and determine the date. Therefore, in-depth process research is of irreplaceable significance to identification. ”

Specifically, the process includes a wide range of processes, such as the selection and washing of the fetal soil, the selection of glazes, painting techniques, glazing methods, circle foot treatment, pad firing materials, loading and firing methods, and the use of tools. The atmosphere of the kiln, etc. These crafts will continue to change with the progress of technology and aesthetics in each period, so as to mark a clear mark of the times, and it is also a historical and cultural barrier that is often difficult for imitators to overcome. ”

"It is difficult to artificially control the atmosphere of the kiln, and its advantages and disadvantages are often reflected in the glaze and blue and white materials, so now we attach great importance to the characteristics of the glaze when identifying. Indeed, the glaze not only reflects the luster and warmth, but also its characteristics, including density, orange peel, pinholes, etc., are all the embodiment of subtle changes in the kiln. Doucai chicken bowl cup since the creation of this variety because of its preciousness and naturally become the object of people competing for imitation, the imitators of the past dynasties emerge in endlessly, especially the imitation of Yongzheng and Qianlong periods makes it difficult to distinguish the authenticity. Today, because of its considerable economic value, there is still no shortage of counterfeiters. ”

"Due to the high development of modern science and technology, modern imitation has reached a level of fake and real. It is similar to the real thing in size, pigment and decoration. However, imitations are imitations, and they will be revealed in their original form in the eyes of a true connoisseur. Although the imitation of the chicken bowl cup is the same in appearance and size, the grasp of the extravagant mouth of the vessel shape and the arc of the curve that gradually closes down is dwarfed; although the fetal quality is white and delicate, the microscopic phenomenon of reddening or flashing yellow in the light is impossible for the imitation to appear; the natural shade of the brush rhyme presented by the double-frame lines around the blue and white model is also impossible to reach the imitation. In the identification, each of the microscopic phenomena listed above is like the trace elements used in the scientific and technological appraisal carried out now, so the identification is not ethereal, all by feeling, all by experience, but has its own objective standards. It is completely reliable and fully integrated with science. ”

"Wait a minute, what you said can't be seen in the class of these eleven chicken bowl cups, these eleven chicken bowl cups, many places have completely caught up with the craftsmanship of the Chenghua Dynasty, if it weren't for the craftsmen deliberately leaving flaws, I'm afraid it would be difficult to identify, right?" Jun Ruhai suddenly interrupted Zhang Tianyuan's words and said. (To be continued......)