Making primers is a very difficult job, perhaps not as difficult as using "seven hundred and forty-nine boys and girls to make medicine primers", but it is also more difficult than rootless water from the desert. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

In the era after the boom of computer technology, biologists have developed special software for the production of primers, such as powerful and easy-to-use PRE, common, or vectorntisuit, dnasisomiga, dnastar, etc., just look at the number of software, you can think of how complex this work, as for the version number, it is more indicative of these software, not yet all the problems have been solved.

In fact, even after 30 years of PCR's invention, designing primers is still not a conventional science, and of course, scholars have summarized some rules, but uncertainty and contingency still plague scholars.

In the early stage of the establishment of the genetic engineering laboratory, Yang Rui did not require working hours, and now he has re-sacrificed 110 hours of magic weapon, also because of this uncertainty and chance.

Uncertainty and chance are summed up as probability, and the most natural way to solve the probability problem is to increase the sample.

Researchers throughout the genetic engineering lab have worked hard to complete the work of primer design.

Publishing papers in first-class Chinese journals is Yang Rui's reward for them, and correspondingly, hard work is inevitable.

At this point, Yang Rui is very frank.

The gap between Chinese laboratories and those of developed countries is huge, from funding to instruments, from management to technology, from environment to accumulation -- the only reason why we can still make world-class results is that the only thing that can fill these huge gaps is the blood and tears of experimental dogs and scientific researchers.

Modern laboratories have access control systems, whether it is punching in, fingerprinting, or cow's iris, can record the working hours of laboratory dogs and researchers, if you compare the attendance time of Chinese laboratories and foreign laboratories, you can clearly see the gap.

Most of the foreign laboratories work eight hours, and the more developed the laboratories, the more fixed the working hours, and if you inspect the domestic laboratories - Tsinghua Biology Laboratory, doctoral students have about 450 hours of attendance per month.

Attendance of 450 hours a month is much more arduous than 110 hours a week, which means that doctoral students at Tsinghua University do not take more than three days off per month, and sleep no more than eight hours a day, and the lab dogs must devote all their time to the laboratory except for eating and sleeping.

If science needs sacrifices, it is the time, blood, tears and hardship of the experimental dogs and researchers.

After Yang Rui completed his master's studies, a large part of the reason why he did not continue his studies was that he was able to bear the time and blood and tears, but it was difficult to endure the hardships in his studies.

Doctoral students with an average age of 25 years old and above are already standard adults, but they can only earn about 1,200 yuan for 450 hours of labor per month, which is not an exaggeration to say that they are hard.

Yang Rui used to struggle, but still couldn't get out of the quagmire of real life - when you returned to the dormitory after a hard day, exhausted, hungry and thirsty, and picked up a box of luncheon meat, but were reluctant to open it, the aura of academic success and academic dedication has been dimmed.

It is also because of this experience that the first thing Yang Rui did when he returned to the 80s was to solve his economic dilemma.

And when the economic predicament was solved, Yang Rui no longer had any scruples.

Even when he was faced with a daunting primer design, he was no exception.

To be honest, the help that Yang Rui can get from the database in his mind is very limited in this work, and he can get some theoretical guidance at most.

Of course, it is also valuable to have theoretical support. The theoretical guidance not only pointed out the direction for Yang Rui and narrowed the scope of his attempt, but also gave him great confidence.

Even so, it is difficult to do so.

At least it is many times more difficult than 30 years later for scholars to make unknown primers.

Later generations of scholars at least had primer design software available, and this alone did not know how much time would be saved. Later generations of scholars have more templates to refer to......

And in 1985, Yang Rui couldn't even pursue the efficiency of the instrument.

However, Yang Rui was not afraid of difficulties at all.

He was well fed and warm, had beef to eat, a custom-made trench coat to wear, wanted to ride a car, wanted to ride a bicycle, and he also saved two rooms of stamps, had his own laboratory and valuable patented technology.

Even if all the time and energy is put into primer design, even if it takes months or even years, Yang Rui does not feel intimidated.

What's more, he's not working alone.

After all, Yang Rui is in charge of the genetic engineering laboratory, and the eight researchers in the genetic engineering laboratory are also valuable helpers.

Later generations of scholars who do primer design are not good, many biological experts have experience in primer design, indeed, they have more technical means and data to back, but scholars who do such research, it is good to have an assistant, if you want 8 professional researchers to pay 110 hours a week to help, it is not necessary to think about it.

After all, the god of science still heard Yang Rui's prayers, and after sucking the blood, tears and time of 8 researchers, he gave feedback to the genetic engineering laboratory, slightly making up for the shortcomings in technology and equipment.

And the only thing Yang Rui can guarantee is that his researchers will not be in hardship.

Although he can't give extra salaries to researchers in public laboratories, it's easy to follow the example of state-owned enterprises now and get more benefits.

Enterprises such as China Animal Husbandry are also willing to meet Yang Rui's requirements.

Taking advantage of the time when the researchers were gathered in front of the experimental table, Yang Rui made a few phone calls, turned around, and said with a smile: "I reported the good news to Director Mei, Director Tie, and Chief Qu Chang, and invited them to come to see the demonstration after the agreement." In addition, Director Mei promised to provide us with another cow as a gift, of course, it was slaughtered. ”

The researchers in the lab laughed.

"Director Mei is a good person, and he sent beef. ”

"We haven't finished our last beef at home. ”

"You don't know how to eat, let me tell you, the middle herd is sending fat cows, you don't just boil, it's delicious in the oven. It's our stove for heating in winter, do you have an oven in your house?"

When it came to eating, the atmosphere on the experimental table suddenly became harmonious.

Yang Rui was also smiling, and when a few people looked at the experimental records in turn, he signaled to turn on the electrophoresis apparatus again.

Primers are invisible to the naked eye, don't count on a weaker microscope, and furthermore, you can't judge ACTech even if you see it, so the way to verify the success of primers is gel imaging, which in the words of the biological laboratory is to run electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis not only shows whether the primers meet the requirements, but also how effective the primers are, which is called specificity.

Yang Rui had already done it just now, so he handed over the work to Gu Qiang and asked him to test it again.

Gu Qiang's experimental operation is not strong, and the accuracy is not exaggerated by an order of magnitude higher than Yang Rui, and everyone believes in his operation more, watching Gu Qiang's movements one by one, and becoming nervous again.

Yang Rui was also inexplicably a little nervous.

It is normal for false positive data to appear in the laboratory, the material is contaminated, or the operation error and so on are endless, the famous penicillin, in fact, is the test of the petri dish is contaminated, fell in some laboratories, on the spot there have to be experimental dogs on the altar to hang up and bleed.

Although Yang Rui used the information in his mind for this primer design, there were no specific details.

Therefore, the primers that Gu Qiang wants to test now are equivalent to being independently designed by Yang Rui.

This kung fu, even after 20 years, is stronger than an ordinary doctoral-level head dog, but independent design also means that Yang Rui can't compare the data and confirm it again and again, and he can't help but feel a little uneasy at this time.

If Gu Qiang did gel imaging, the specific band of the electropherogram of the product was not obvious, or a dimer band came on, it would be a shame.

However, there is a shame when it comes to being embarrassed, and there are always times when it comes to doing scientific research.

Yang Rui watched Gu Qiang operate the electrophoresis instrument rhythmically, but slowly relaxed.

Speaking of which, when he first went to Professor Tang Zhong's laboratory, he made the most electrophoresis instrument every day, and it was not easy to say how delicate the operation was, but it was not easy to make mistakes.

Gu Qiang's operation is naturally better, just looking at his movements, it gives people a clean and neat feeling.

When the electropherotic diagram of the PCR product comes out, the bands are clear......

However, everyone's focus is only on that specific band.

"The yield is so high...... several people praised it.

The bands shown in the electropherotic diagram of the PCR product are "barcodes" on a pitch black, and the "barcodes" are white, long and short, arranged in sequence.

The clearer the barcode band, the greater the amount of the substance.

In today's experiments, the clearer the specific bands, the better, and the fewer dimers or hairpin structures or stuff, the better.

Yang Rui couldn't help but raise his chest and raise his head, this was completely his design.

"Professor Ouyang, let's do a set of appraisals?" Yang Rui's self-confidence greatly increased.

Ouyang Shi responded loudly.

Sun Zhengchu was envious when he heard it, and said: "If this experiment is made, I am afraid that it can be published in top foreign animal husbandry journals." Journal of Nutrition or British Journal of Nutrition?"

Yang Rui smiled and said nothing, although the Journal of Nutrition is a top journal in animal husbandry, but for him, it is not a top choice.

"Let's see how the experiment goes. Yang Rui didn't say much, and returned to the state of doing experiments.

……

(To be continued.) )