Since the defeat of the army, the Qing army entered the customs during the Ming Qi and Chongzhen years, there was a drought in northern Shaanxi for many years, and the peasants rebelled, and Li Zicheng was one of them, so he began his peasant uprising career.

Li Zi became a general under Gao Yingxiang, the king of Chuang, and he was brave and insightful. Li Yan and Li Zicheng rebelled in the second year of Chongzhen (1629) and proposed

"Juntian is exempt

and other slogans, which were welcomed by the broad masses of the people and spread

"Meet the king, and do not pay for food

The ballad. The army grew to millions and became the main force in the peasant war. Then some songs were spread everywhere in Henan and other places, but later, because of

"Juntian is free of grain

"The program is an egalitarian utopian fantasy that has not been really implemented, except that individual magistrates have implemented measures to change feudal land rights. For example, after the arrival of the county order in Zhucheng, Shandong, it is said that the rich are robbed and the poor are helped, so that the owners are allowed to subscribe to the cultivation regardless of the distance of the property; In some areas, the local government of Dashun also acquiesced in the peasants' spontaneous struggle for land. The rebel army also implemented a policy of confiscating the rich to settle the military salary and help the poor. Li Zicheng went to Luoyang at the beginning of his life, confiscated the grain and a large amount of money stored in the Fuwang Mansion and the eunuch family, and used part of it to help the poor. Similar measures were often taken for each town captured in the future. After the occupation of Xi'an, continue to

"Rob the rich and give to the poor

"Call to arms. But under this slogan, the looting of civilians and the harm of innocent people have also occurred from time to time. The rebel army also built a memorial arch for the local people who were in the examination

"The order to destroy the workshop

“。 The rebel army also practiced a policy of buying and selling at the same time and protecting industry and commerce. This policy has been implemented since Chongzhen's occupation of Henan in the 14th year. After the rebel army entered Beijing, the citizens were allowed to continue business as usual, and industry and commerce in many areas continued as usual. There is an endless stream of merchant ships sailing along the Jifu Canal in Shandong. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), he was called the king of Xinshun in Xiangyang. In the first month of the following year, the Dashun regime was established, and the era name was Yongchang. The rebel army was strong in Jingxiang and tried to capture the Beijing division. Li Zicheng adopted the strategy of the strategists and first took Shaanxi as a base area. In September of the 16th year, the rebel army and the Ming Sun Chuanting soldiers fought in Jiaxian, Henan, with a deep ditch and high fortress to fatigue the Ming army, and took advantage of the rainy days and the Ming army's grain transportation was not continued, and sent light horsemen out of Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan) to cut off the Ming army's grain road, defeated Sun Chuanting, killed and injured more than 40,000 Ming troops, and obtained hundreds of thousands of weapons and baggage, and Chuanting ran to Tongguan. After that, the rebel army marched into Shaanxi by two routes, all the way through Xichuan Xiashangzhou (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi) into southern Shaanxi; Self-formed will personally lead the army to Tongguan. In October, the Ming army was defeated and died in battle. In the first month of the seventeenth year, the rebel army conquered Xi'an and took Ningxia, Lanzhou, Xining, Yongchang, Zhuanglang and other places. After the rebel army occupied Xi'an, it officially named the country as Dashun, changed the Yuan Yongchang, and took the seventeenth year of Chongzhen as the first year of Yongchang. And changed Xi'an to Chang'an. Li Zicheng changed his name to Zisheng and became the king. In February 1644, the rebel army attacked Beijing in two ways, one led by the generals who had already entered Shanxi, from Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi) through Yangcheng, crossed the Taihang Mountain, first went down (now Jixian, Henan), Zhangde (now Anyang, Henan) and other places, and then went north through Zhending (now Zhengding, Hebei) to contain the reinforcements of the southern route of the Ming Dynasty; One route was personally led by Zicheng, crossed the Yellow River, went down to Taiyuan, and spread the word to various states and counties to expose Zhu Ming's various crimes. The peasants of Shanxi responded en masse, and the prefectures and counties looked down from the wind, and led their troops north, passing through Datong (now Xuanhua, Hebei) to the south, and besieged Jingshi on March 18. The next day, they attacked Beijing. Ming Sizong Zhu was hanged by the inspection (now Jingshan). The Ming Dynasty fell. Since then, the Ming Dynasty has begun to be unable to restore the country. Soon conquered Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty, causing Ming Sizong Zhu Youzhen to hang himself in the coal mountain. Due to the victory of the rebel leader who seized Chen Yuanyuan and forced Wu Sangui to rebel, the Manchu nobles entered the customs...... After Li Zicheng received the news of Wu Sangui's surrender to the Qing Dynasty in Beijing, he sent the Ming general Tang Tong to lead 20,000 cavalry out of a stone (now north of Shanhaiguan, Hebei), detour outside the pass to cut off Wu Sangui's retreat, and personally led an army of 200,000 to the north to attack Wu Sangui on April 13. After receiving Wu Sangui Fei's letter of urgency, the Qing army galloped overnight, and on the 21st, the Qing army defeated the Tang Tong Department in a stone, and then entered the Shanhaiguan. The next day, the Qing army, the Wu army and the Dashun army faced each other in front of the Shanhai Pass, and the commander of the Qing army, Dolgon, ordered the Wu Sangui army to engage the Dashun army. The two armies fought until noon, just when the Wu army was surrounded by the peasant army and could not support it, the elite cavalry of the Qing army hidden behind the formation suddenly attacked from the right flank of the Wu army and attacked the left side of the Dashun army. The Qing army followed closely and defeated Li Zicheng again at Yongping (present-day Lulong, Hebei). After years of incubation and training, under the shroud of decay and decline in the late Ming Dynasty, under the reasons of corruption and pleasure of the princes and nobles, under the inaction of the court, under the cowardice and incompetence of the emperor, and under the burden of exacting taxes and miscellaneous taxes, the peasants' lives were miserable and difficult to maintain. The people are born in the days of dire straits, and the feeling that life is worse than death is the most understandable to the peasants at the bottom. Therefore, if you don't do it, you will die. When people are forced to a certain point, life and death have long been left behind, and life and death have long ceased to exist. Only by making your own decisions can you have hope for life and a chance to live. Therefore, breakfast is a chance to live, and as long as there is a slight opportunity, you will never give up. Even if the chances are slim, it's worth a try. Because, the ending is something that no one can imagine, no one can predict, and no one can fully know the direction in which things are developing. Yes, there is a law in the development of things, but there will always be times when the plan cannot keep up with the changes, and there will always be times when no one expects it. Thus, the rebellion naturally took place, after all, this is the voice of the whole people. Because I am afraid of hardship, I am afraid of poverty, I am afraid of the days when I have no money, I don't want to live anymore, I am afraid of the days when I am poor to the bones, I am afraid of the days when I am bullied by others, I am afraid of the days when I worry about food and clothing all day long, I am afraid. If there is a chance to choose again, I think no one will let it go again, and everyone wants to live a good life again, live a happy life. After Li Zicheng returned to Beijing, the 18th battalion of the company counterattacked the Qing soldiers who followed and lost. At this time, the peasant army was in internal and external difficulties, and the situation was grim, Li Zicheng had no intention of attaching himself to the north, and after hastily ascending the throne at the Wuying Hall on April 19, he abandoned Beijing and retreated to Xi'an. During the retreat of the Dashun army, the Qing army defeated the peasant army before Baoding and Dingzhou (present-day Dingxian, Hebei), and then attacked Shanxi. The Datong defender Jiang Huang surrendered, and Chen Yongfu of Pingyang (present-day Linfen, Shanxi) was captured. Quanjin fell into the hands of the Qing army. At the same time, most of Hebei and Shandong were also occupied by the Qing army. At the beginning of May, after the Qing army entered Beijing, the military situation of the whole country had been fragmented, under the shroud of decay and decline in the late Ming Dynasty, under the reasons of corruption and pleasure of the princes and nobles, under the inaction of the court, under the cowardice and incompetence of the emperor, and under the burden of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous taxes, the peasants' lives were miserable and difficult to maintain. The people are born in the days of dire straits, and the feeling that life is worse than death is the most understandable to the peasants at the bottom. Therefore, if you don't do it, you will die. When people are forced to a certain point, life and death have long been left behind, and life and death have long ceased to exist. Only by making your own decisions can you have hope for life and a chance to live. Therefore, breakfast is a chance to live, and as long as there is a slight opportunity, you will never give up. Even if the chances are slim, it's worth a try. Because, the ending is something that no one can imagine, no one can predict, and no one can fully know the direction in which things are developing. Yes, there is a law in the development of things, but there will always be times when the plan cannot keep up with the changes, and there will always be times when no one expects it. Thus, the rebellion naturally took place, after all, this is the voice of the whole people. Because I am afraid of hardship, I am afraid of poverty, I am afraid of the days when I have no money, I don't want to live anymore, I am afraid of the days when I am poor to the bones, I am afraid of the days when I am bullied by others, I am afraid of the days when I worry about food and clothing all day long, I am afraid. If there is a chance to choose again, I think, no one will let go again, everyone wants to live a good life again, live a happy life. The Qing controlled Liaodong, Jifu, Shanxi, Shandong, and other regions, the Dashun regime governed the entire northwest and parts of Shanxi, Henan, and Huguang, Zhang Xianzhong's Onishi regime was in the process of taking over Sichuan, and the Nanming Hongguang regime in Nanjing ruled the whole of southern China. As a result, the Qing army shifted its main offensive target to the peasant army, temporarily adopting a strategy of no war and no peace against the Southern Ming regime. For this reason, the Qing court moved the capital from Shenyang to Beijing, declaring that the Qing Dynasty was the co-ruler of the world who prospered on behalf of the Ming Dynasty. Since then, because of the fire in the Forbidden City, the Ming Dynasty collapsed, and the Qing army entered the customs. And when it comes to the Qing army, we have to talk about its predecessor. The predecessor of Manchuria was the Jurchen, and it was under the jurisdiction of the Nuer Gandu Division during the Ming Dynasty. In 1616 (the 44th year of Wanli and the first year of the Later Jin Mandate of Heaven), Nurhachi, the leader of the Jurchens in Jianzhou, unified the Jurchen tribes and established the Later Jin in Hetuala (now Xinbinxi, Liaoning). In 1619 (the forty-seventh year of Wanli and the fourth year of the Mandate of Heaven), the Eight Banners of the Jin Dynasty defeated the Ming army in the Battle of Salhu and seized more than 70 cities in Liaodong (now Liaoning). In 1625 (the fifth year of the Apocalypse and the tenth year of the Mandate of Heaven), Jin moved the capital from Hetuara to Shenyang and renamed it

"Shengjing". In April 1636 (the ninth year of Chongzhen, the first year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty), Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, changed the name of the country to the Qing Dynasty, and imitated the Ming Dynasty to establish political institutions one after another.

The origin of the country name of the Qing Dynasty The ancestors of the Manchus were originally the Jurchen tribes of the Jin Dynasty, so after Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes, the country name was determined

"Daikin". Soon, in order to distinguish it from the Jin Dynasty in history, it was renamed again

"Houjin". Many Mongols, Han Chinese, Koreans, etc., were ruled by it and reused

The country name of "Houjin" is no longer suitable; And because of the influence of history, the Han people have a bad feeling towards the Jin people.

The country name of "Houjin" is not suitable for recruiting Han people, so Huang Taiji changed the country name to ten years after succeeding to the throne, that is, in the tenth year of Tiancong (1636).

"Clear". In the change

"Houjin" is

The year before the "Qing", Huang Taiji had been abolished

The "Jurchen" family name was changed to

"Manchuria". whereas

"Manchu" is pronounced in Manchu

"Manshu" is originally the name of the Buddha, which means

"The Emperor of the Qing Dynasty" is the embodiment of the Buddha. Therefore he uses

"Qing" generation

"Jin" has a better effect on winning the hearts of all ethnic groups and further replacing the Ming Dynasty

"Daikin" or

"Houjin" came big. At the same time, Huang Taiji also created public opinion to overthrow and replace the Ming Dynasty, saying that only virtuous people can rule the world.

"Only the virtuous can be called the Son of Heaven",

The words "those who are virtuous are ordained, and those who are not virtuous are abandoned" became the core of his thoughts. And what he said

"Virtuous", it contains

The meaning of "clear" is just right

"Manchurian" has the same meaning, so it is used

"Qing" is the name of the country. The Qing Empire stood at the top of the East, and because of this, the Qing Empire has since been written into Chinese history.

This dynasty, this Manchukuo, can be said to be a shining mirror in the entire history of China, which not only contrasts the history of the ancient feudal dynasties, but also reflects the ruling style of ethnic minorities.

The Qing Dynasty, the Qing Empire, the nation of the children of the Eight Banners, this nation with strong combat effectiveness, he will also have his different style.

It's another decadent weekend, and today and tomorrow are two more to make up for the weekend.