Networks are macroscopic systems based on a large number of interactions, and statistical physics is essential in order to study their physical properties. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

The concepts we can understand are all macro-level, the result of the constant traversal of the basic unit: the connection

Statistics contains information about an infinite number of equations with atoms as the unit of operation, and the macroscopic properties expressed in the end are in accordance with the characteristics of the probability distribution function (statistical average). It is the embodiment of the law of large numbers

The potential difference and concentration difference of the network are the conditions for maintaining the existence of the network, and the trend towards steady state, that is, the elimination of potential difference, is a trend, but it is the resistance to the change of the trend that can build the network system

Thermodynamics, as a phenomenological law, is a description of the system as a whole. Statistics, on the other hand, is equivalent to Schrödinger's wave dynamics and Heisenberg's matrix mechanics

The measurement of temperature is a definition quantification that forms the basis of an entire industrial system, as the measurement allows the data to be accurately described, thus increasing repeatability.

Achieving balance is the trend, but the ideal situation is generally not reached, indicating that there is a wrong competitive game

PV=NRT is a projection of the high-dimensional structure, and these formulas are the sublayer structure of the network, but an eigenthat runs through all levels

The second law of thermodynamics reveals the directionality of motion, both at the quantum level and the inevitable formation of loss. Thus the layered coupling, as the chiller is taking advantage of this resistance change

Distribution is a natural trend, like the power-law distribution of the Matthew effect. This is a change in resistance to entropy increase. Entropy increase = loss of information from the system, rearrangement of the distribution

The third law of thermodynamics demarcates the boundary: the entropy of a system at absolute zero is 0. This is the equilibrium of the ideal state, which is different from the Nash equilibrium of dynamic equilibrium

The system is a hierarchical coupling, which can be exchanged for local resistance to the laws of thermodynamics through local sacrifices. Refrigerators and air conditioners are the structures of system engineering

A system with a certain particle is vibrating, and its simple harmonic motion can be described by the wave function, and a certain energy level distribution can be formed at the overall level

The ideal gas is a simulation of the network, but its cohesion is not sufficient, i.e., the network can also form other layers between the macro and the micro

Correlation between distribution functions, probability distributions, power-law distributions and exponents

Phase equilibrium, hierarchical competition, dynamic equilibrium coupling, and finally the formation of coupling structures in different proportions. The patterns formed by the combination of different levels can be regarded as different energy levels, and the critical points are in the direction of different levels

Blackbody radiation is an intrinsic feature;