Multi-level regulation is characteristic of probabilistic networks

The commonality (h2nccooh) and characteristics (r-basis) of the basic unit are the basis for the formation of the hierarchy, and at the same time, the operation of the whole makes the hierarchy constantly jump. www.biquge.info From a one-dimensional sequence to a two-dimensional motif to a three-dimensional structure, each level has a certain internal distribution such as local enrichment, and there is similarity between the levels, and the interaction of its R basis is regarded as a probabilistic treatment, and the idealization of the physical object can be constructed at the level of the network

The hierarchical level of nucleic acid sequences is reflected in the expression of the functional level, which affects the arrangement within the hierarchy (e.g., transposons, global transformation of gene fragments, translocations, repeats, inversions)

Simple molecules (phosphate groups) act as a certain flow to maintain the overall movement coordination, forming the coupling of multiple cycles (tricarboxylic acid cycle). Coupling is directional, i.e., probabilisticly connected, which is a finite optimization solution derived by natural selection in an infinite combination of levels of the network.

The membrane is a relatively large division of layers, and the potential difference created by it is necessary for organisms to maintain their own low entropy and digest the low entropy of the external environment. It is an intrinsic of the whole, an entity that is circularly coupled. The flow mosaic model is a good simulation, at the level of the membrane, there is a certain sublayer (the fat raft), in a dynamic flow (the directional velocity of the flow is the result of the calculations of other levels), and its interior is constantly updated

The mechanism of action of enzymes is to change the free energy of molecular reactions, which is a holistic expression, in my opinion, this is because the structure of the enzyme changes the probability of the path of the reaction caused by the collision of molecules, some unnecessary trial and error are omitted, and the reaction can be carried out along a certain path, so that less energy is required (implicit assumption, the realization of probability requires the participation of energy, probability = energy). The role of enzymes has a certain sequence and structure, such as the arrangement of the transmitters of the respiratory chain

In the organism's network, what may happen will happen, as long as we are sure that the time scale of its occurrence is much greater than the effective time we expect (e.g., cancer is inevitable for a person, but it is okay for the individual to be bothered during his lifetime, similar to the flood after my death). Therefore, the homeostasis of the network still requires some indispensable elements that cannot be compensated by compensation, such as necessary amino acids and vitamins. It can form a central node at some level. That is, the organism can be integrated by coupling to a larger level of the system (the ecosystem meets the needs of the person)

Hormones are regulated at the overall level, and the result is a statistical network operation, which can produce different effects in different parts, but can express certain properties, that is, intrinsics, at the overall level. At the same time, due to the characteristics of the network, any intrinsic expression is an expression of the intrinsic group that is suitable for the current environment (so that it has the properties of buffering and adapting to the environment). The similarity of the levels allows this property to be reflected at multiple levels.

Metabolism is the result of the multi-level coupling of the body, in the permutation and combination of the formation of layers (a certain substance tends to form a layer) that is, each cycle, a certain cycle can be combined to form a larger circulation, they need a certain input to maintain the construction of the cycle (loss of speed loses the possibility of continuity), so there are molecules that act as messengers to communicate at various levels and levels (all are selective expressions of the network): ATP, phosphate groups, etc. The more common is the catabolism of sugars, lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides, which is the selective pathway expression of the network. At the lower level is the central law: DNA-RNA-protein, the synthesis and decomposition of each level is also a specific network of probability expression, the overall nature is to adapt to the changes in the environment (seeking the essence), and its cell metabolism and expression regulation are the basis of the body's action. At the same time, it is also coupled to the overall changes of the body (people can only have the continuous network expression of cells when they are alive, although there are still some cells alive when people die, but they are not many and not lasting, starting from the interests of the whole, taking care of each other is a balance)

Regulatory networks of cellular metabolism: enzyme activity, cell signaling, regulation of gene expression

The regulatory network is not only a function, but also a structure:

At a relatively large base, the general law is easy to embody, that is, the expression of probability, which is similar to the concept of limits in mathematics. Therefore, there can be different levels of expression in the 3 billion base pairs of the human body: first, the coding and non-coding regions formed by different base sequences, and the structure formed by them makes the appearance and distribution of different control elements, then the distribution of genes and non-coding gene regions within the chromosomes, and finally the 46 chromosomes formed are a certain level of convergence. Each level also has a certain role and communication (such as transcription factors), and the probability of their expression is different, which is determined by the coupling of different levels, such as DNA methylation and protein phosphorylation, the changes are drastic at the bottom like quantum fluctuations, and at the macro level, they reflect a certain overall property, that is, the intrinsic, which we can see and understand

The cell is a quantized conceptual understanding, based on the assumption that it can exist independently. However, cells cannot exist independently, they can only exist based on a larger network (hierarchical transition: molecule-organelle-cell-tissue-organ-system-organism-population-species-ecosystem, each level has its own internal circulation and the interaction between the levels has an influence), I tend to think of it as a network, and the understanding of quantization can be regarded as the path expression of the network, that is, the intrinsic. Any level can always find the level of inclusion and the level of being included, and according to the similarity of the levels, the levels form a whole.

Different expressions (a*b) can be thought of as the operation of a matrix of quantum-derived networks, the connection of which requires the same substrate. At the same time, the mechanism of its formation of layers is similar to that of amino acid connections of proteins, with commonalities and characteristics, localization of levels, and similarity of levels

The convergence radius of the network is important, such as the size of the cell being a good example.

The comprehension form of the network makes the observation only an expression, and it takes multiple observations to analyze the frequency of its occurrence in order to understand the network form

The cell must be understood together with the extracellular matrix

Cell communication and signal transduction is the structure of the network, and the connection of each step is probabilistic, and through the coupling of the whole, it can give full play to the nature of the whole, an intrinsic.

Based on the cyclic characteristics of the hierarchy and the overall life cycle behavior, we can regard all the behaviors of organisms as multi-period coupling (probability network), and its specific expression may be different, but at a larger level, the periodic law can emerge (observable)

The mathematical form of the network is expressed in differential equations, which have characteristic and general solutions (the coefficients can be different, this is a selective expression), and they are both periodic. At the same time, the Taylor series can be expanded into multiple levels (can it be regarded as an eigen-based operation?)

The coupling of cycles necessarily has a Fourier analysis

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