In fact, when it comes to Poland, most people will think of a person - Marie Curie.

Even schoolchildren knew that there was a female scientist named Marie Curie, who was Polish, and they knew that she was born in the city of Warsaw.

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That is, Marie Curie (November 7, 1867 - July 4, 1934), born in Warsaw, known as "Marie Curie", her full name is Maria Sköodoska Curie, a famous French scientist, physicist and chemist.

In 1903, the Curies and Becquerel were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their research on radioactivity, and in 1911, they were again awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of the elements polonium and radium, thus becoming the first people in the world to win the Nobel Prize twice.

Marie Curie's accomplishments include pioneering the theory of radioactivity, inventing the technique of separating radioisotopes, and discovering two new elements, polonium and radium.

Under her guidance, radioisotopes were used for the first time in the treatment of cancer.

Marie Curie died of malignant leukemia on 3 July 1934 due to prolonged exposure to radioactive materials.

Marie Curie was born on 7 November 1867 in Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland, to a family of secondary school teachers. His father, Ulradislav Skorodovsky, was a mathematics teacher at the secondary school, and his mother, Bronislova Boguska Skorodovska, was the principal of a girls' boarding school.

Her young name is Maria Skorodovska. Her family's affection for her is called "Mania".

Maria is the fifth, with three sisters and a brother, namely Sophie, Brony Schlava, Helena, and her brother Joseph.

At the Sorbonne, Marie became acquainted with a lecturer, Pierre Curie, who would later be her husband.

The two of them often work together on radioactive materials to tons of industrial waste residue, because the total radioactivity of this ore is stronger than the radioactivity of the uranium it contains. In 1898, the Curies made a logical inference about this phenomenon: bituminous uranium ore must contain some unknown radioactive component, which is far more radioactive than uranium.

On December 26, Marie Curie unveiled the idea of the existence of this new substance.

In the years that followed, the Curies continued to refine the radioactive components of the bituminous uranium ore. After unremitting efforts, they finally succeeded in isolating radium chloride and discovered two new chemical elements: polonium (Po) and radium (Ra).

For their discovery and research on radioactivity, the Curies and Henri Bekele were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, making Marie Curie the first woman in history to win the Nobel Prize.

Eight years later, in 1911, Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her successful isolation of radium. Surprisingly, after Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize, she did not patent the method of refining pure radium, but published it publicly, which effectively promoted the development of radiochemistry.

In her later years, Marie Curie had an affair with her husband's former student, Paul Langevan, which caused a storm in France. In 1911, the Paris News newspaper published the headline "Love Story: Marie Curie and Professor Langevin" on November 4, rumored that Langevin and Marie Curie had a close relationship while Pierre was still alive.

Einstein's view of the matter was that if they were in love, no one could care, and he wrote a letter to Marie Curie on November 23, 1911, as a sign of comfort.

During the First World War, Marie Curie advocated the use of radiology to care for the wounded and promoted the use of radiology in the medical field. Later, in 1921, she traveled to the United States to raise funds for her research in radiology.

Marie Curie died on 4 July 1934 in Haute-Savoie, France, due to overexposure to radioactive materials. Her eldest daughter, Irena Joliot-Curie, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.

Her youngest daughter, Eve Curie, wrote Marie Curie after her mother's death. During the inflation of the 90s of the 20th century, Marie Curie's portrait appeared on Polish and French currencies and stamps.

The chemical element curium (Cm, 96) was named in honor of the Curies.

After the death of her husband, Marie Curie's life was plunged into a state of ice. It wasn't until Paul Langevine, another great and brilliant mind, intervened in her life. Langevin loved Marie Curie – and of course, his divorce failed.

At the same time, he foolishly allowed his wife to get Marie Curie's love letters to him, which were eventually published to the newspaper. At the age of 45, Marie Curie fell into a trough of disrepute.

Paul Eppe's daughter, one of Marie Curie's most devoted pupils and supporters, had a great conflict with her father, who stood in front of her and said, word for word: "If you dare to drive her away, I will never see you again, my father." She had never confronted her father in her life, but she was furious about this one thing.

She made it clear that she had left her father with enough words for the future: "If Marie Curie had been a man, none of this would have happened. ”

Marie Curie went to the fall of her life in this storm of public opinion.

For almost three years, she was in a state of mental collapse, crushed by the powerful, vicious, and cruel hostility around her, and had to be admitted to a hospital run by nuns in order to be treated both physically and psychologically.

Eventually, she recovered. Strong will and work made her stand up again. After that, she continued to work for 22 years, continuing to make a great contribution to science in France and the world.

Marie Curie's scientific achievements: 1. The discovery of the radioactive elements polonium (Po) and radium (Ra). 2. The idea that - rays (which are now known to be made up of electrons) are negatively charged particles was proposed.

In her experimental research, Marie Curie designed a measuring instrument that could not only measure the presence or absence of rays in a substance, but also measure the strength of the rays.

After repeated experiments, she found that the intensity of uranium rays is proportional to the amount of uranium in the substance, and has nothing to do with the state of uranium existence and external conditions.

Marie Curie conducted a thorough examination of known chemical elements and all compounds, and made an important discovery: an element called thorium can also automatically emit invisible rays, which shows that the phenomenon of the element emitting rays is not only a property of uranium, but a common property of some elements.

She called this phenomenon radioactivity, and the elements with this property were called radioactive elements. The radiation they emit is called "radiation".