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The discovery was made in 1893 when the first man discovered Mount Erebus, but it was thought he was seeing clouds, not volcanic activity. Over time, however, the Erebus volcano was finally identified. ”

"On 28 November 1979, Air New Zealand Flight 901 (TE901) crashed into a mountain at Mount Erebus in Antarctica, killing all 237 passengers and 20 crew members on board."

"Brother Gun, the last time I went to the volcano, I only saw magma, can I see lava this time?"

Fang Hong paused: "Of course, you can see that the lake still exists today, and Erebus is one of the only three volcanoes in the world with a long history of lava lakes, and it is also one of the only six magma lakes left on the earth. The last time we were in the Land of Colours, we happened to encounter volcanic activity, and at Erebus Volcano, we will see exposed lava lakes. ”

This is also the reason why the scientific expedition team came here.

First, it has all the characteristics that a volcano should have, and Antarctica is not anyone's territory, so you can observe the state of the magma lake at will.

As a scientific research team, it is not so easy to enter other countries to investigate, even if the gates of hell are in a small African country like Ethiopia.

Second, this volcano has features that other volcanoes don't have.

In fact, for the wonderful use of lava water vapour, in Kenya, the Maasai people use special equipment to connect volcanic water vapour to form a fresh water supply. And the Erebus volcano is the easiest area in the world to study lava water vapor.

The scientific value of this is not limited to the volcano itself.

For example, whether the water on Earth is really brought by volcanic eruptions?

What kind of lava causes water vapor to be produced, and whether other planets can produce water in the same way.

Such scientific research projects must be completed in volcanoes.

After all, the use of equipment to penetrate the earth's crust to study lava only exists in science fiction.

After all, no country has the technology of the alien mothership in Independence Day.

The helicopter made its way forward, eventually stopping in the field.

Concerned about the impact of the helicopter on the snow and ice cover of the mountain, the helicopter stopped at the bottom of the mountain.

The group will have to climb up the hill while the helicopter will reach the top of the hill to make a video test.

"In the snow-white world that you see, snow actually accounts for less than one percent or even one thousandth, and there is an ice sheet more than 1,000 meters thick at the foot of the volcanic mountain. How do you think the ice sheet came to be? ”

"As the saying goes, freezing three feet is not a day's cold, it must be produced by continuous snowfall and then condensation."

"What kind of pressure can freeze a foot that can penetrate tens of centimeters of snow into ice? And in terms of physical state, ice and snow are inherently different. ”

"The answer to the question is that more than 100 million years ago, the plates broke up, Antarctica was born, and then in a certain glacial age, a large amount of water formed an ice crust on the land, and eventually the ice crust moved with the crust to where it is today, and at the same time there was a white ice sheet formed by the squeezing of mixed snow, one transparent and one white, which can be distinguished by the naked eye."

"Brother Gun, can you use these ices?"

"What are you for? Drinking water? Water resources on Earth are not as scarce as everyone thinks, as long as they are not polluted, they are enough for human use, and the Antarctic ice sheet is not necessarily a good resource. Some of the ice sheets in Antarctica don't rise above the land, in other words, when these ice sheets collapse, the sea level rises wildly, and the water world becomes a reality. When the time comes, all the cities along the coast will sink under water. ”

"Brother Gun, don't tease me, the ice floats on the water, will it cause the water level to rise? Brother Gun, you went to bed in physics class. ”

Fang Hong rolled his eyes: "At present, the rate of melting of ice and snow in Antarctica has been confirmed to be greatly increased, but it has only caused the sea level to rise by 0.16 mm per year. ”

"How?"

Fang Hong: "This means that at this rate, the sea level will rise by 16 centimeters in a thousand years, and the impact on the earth is negligible." But if the floating part of the Antarctic ice sheet collapses, enters the ocean, and melts as the warm current reaches the warm region, the sea level will rise by 68 meters in 200 years. Don't take this little bit of human energy too seriously, at present, the American scientific community of climatologists has unanimously stood up to deny the claim that the greenhouse gases led by the United States ZF are causing sea level rise. In other words, the so-called scientist theories you hear are actually a fart in political behavior. ”

When Fang Hong said this, several scientists sitting next to him invariably turned their heads to stare at Fang Hong.

Fang Hong was embarrassed: "I didn't say you, I didn't say you." ”

A meteorologist couldn't stand it anymore and came out to explain: "Actually, there is not much connection between the collapse of the Arctic and Antarctic ice and climate warming, and 99 percent of the reason why they collapse is because they can't bear their own weight." For example, the speed at which a piece of ice melts in the sun and the rate at which an ice pick falls and breaks under the eaves are two different levels of speed, so in recent years, the scientific theories and inferences about global climate change have been updated, and this is the core of our research. ”

Imagine what the world would be like if the water world really came true.

In fact, the so-called global melting of ice and snow has never been born in history.

In the past, Pangea did not touch the poles of the earth at all, no continent held up water, and the earth was not flooded, because the earth's crust has been active, the ice at the poles will always exist, and with the rise in sea level, the water area on the earth will become larger, then the evaporation effect and rainfall will be more frequent, and the ice and snow at the poles will become higher for thousands of years.

The helicopter took off and flew to the top of the mountain.

"It's a lot like Mt. Fuji, and even though it's very high, we can go up to the top and have a look, and by the way, it's really cold here."

It is indeed very cold, the altitude here is more than 3,000 meters, the air is thin and comparable to the altitude of 5,000 meters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the temperature is close to the lowest temperature in the Himalayas.

But at the same time, when the sun is shining, there is no wind, and there is no humid air, the cold does not seem irresistible.

"The summit of Mount Erebus is a crater with a diameter of 805 meters and a depth of 274 meters (the mouth of the lava funnel is 274, and the surface of the magma lake is nearly 400 meters from the summit), and the bottom of the crater is a small lava lake."

Since the entrance into the ice gap is also nearby, it is possible to go to the crater for observation before the ice low survey.

Qiu Qing took a small notebook to record, and everyone approached the crater.

Fang Hong took a look: "It is rumored in the rivers and lakes that viruses can survive in volcanoes, in fact, the title party, viruses can survive in craters, because the temperature of craters is very low, and lava lakes are two concepts, bacteria and viruses on the earth are organic matter and are organic matter with protein as the main body, and the virus can still last for a while under the high temperature of Baidu, and disappear in minutes under the high temperature of 1,000 degrees." ”

Fang Hong looked at Qiu Qing: "If a virus is found in the crater, there is no doubt that it was left by the people from the previous expedition, because the volcano here has been active several times in a hundred years, and the damned ones are dead." ”

Qiu Qing looked at Fang Hong with disgust and walked around to the side.

"666, Brother Gun, you see that everyone dislikes you."

"Even Xiao Qingqing dislikes you."

Fang Hong shrugged: "I guess what they want to detect is not this data. ”

Sure enough, two climatologists began collecting lava gas and lowered a super-long rope down the slope.

This is an electronic temperature measuring device, after going down to more than 300 meters, it is clearly heard, clicked, and exploded.

Two climatologists began to record the various levels of the sounding.

Professor Wang sighed: "The last time I came, I came by car when I was young and strong, and the more advanced the technology, the more convenient it is. ”

The crater can only be seen deep with some firelight, and more is closed by magma gas and water vapor, which is not very clear.

Professor Wang turned around: "Let's enter the ice cave." ”