Tallinn, formerly known as Reval, is located in the northwest of Estonia, bordering the Baltic Sea, and was once known as a transportation hub connecting Central and Eastern Europe and northern and southern Europe

"Crossroads of Europe". The Port of Tallinn is the largest port in Estonia, separated from the Finnish capital Helsinki by the 80-kilometre-wide Gulf of Finland.

The climate is obviously influenced by the ocean, with cool and little rain in spring, warm and humid in summer and autumn, cold and snowy in winter, and an average annual temperature of 4.7 °C.

It is divided into 8 districts with a total area of 158.3 square kilometers. In 2006, the city's population was about 400,000.

Founded in 1248 during the reign of the Kingdom of Denmark, it became the capital of the Republic of Estonia after the restoration of independence in 1991.

The ancient city of Tallinn was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The largest lake in Tallinn is Lake Ulemistai (9.6 km²) and is the city's main source of drinking water.

The second largest lake, Lake Harku, covers an area of 1.6 square kilometers. Unlike many large cities, Tallinn's only larger river is located in the Pirita area on the outskirts of Tallinn.

Its river valley is classified as a protected area because of its natural lake and mountain scenery. A limestone cliff runs through the city, with its highest point in the Nomr district in the southwest of the city, at an altitude of 64 meters above sea level.

The coastline is 46 km long and there are 3 large peninsulas: Kopli, Paljassaare and Kakum?

e）。 After independence, developed air and sea transport made Estonia more closely connected with Western Europe and made Tallinn a tourist city.

The picturesque Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts many tourists. Facilities such as hotels and restaurants have also been greatly developed.

English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Tallinn is an important commercial port, fishing port and industrial center of Estonia, with the second highest port throughput among Baltic ports after Ventspils in Latvia (the largest ice-free port on the Baltic coast).

In order to secure the transit of Russian oil from Tallinn, the Estonian government has developed a strategic plan for 2005 to consolidate Tallinn's position as a transit corridor for Russia.

The main industries are shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, metal processing, chemical, papermaking, textile and food processing.

It is also the centre of Estonia's science and culture, with the Estonian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Technology, the Academy of Fine Arts, the Teachers' College and the Conservatory, as well as many museums and theatres.

Climate description: Climate conditions: Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, located in the middle of Western Europe, is at the eastern end of the Baltic Sea, but due to its latitude and the influence of the Baltic Sea, it has an oceanic climate, with more precipitation, more cloudy days and less sunny days.

Winters are mild and long, with average temperatures ranging from lows to around -5°C, and summers are cool and short, with average temperatures reaching highs of around 16°C.

The climate is pleasant and the air is humid, so you won't feel uncomfortable no matter what season you are traveling. If you like skiing, ice skating and ice fishing, be sure to visit during the winter months of December-March.

July and August are the hottest months and the peak tourist seasons for the region, with the best temperatures of 30°C. In general, late spring from April to May and summer from June to early September are especially good times to visit.

The southern shore of the Gulf of Finland is believed to have been settled by a Baltic-Finnish tribe in the 2nd millennium BC. In 1154 Tallinn was recorded on his world map by the Arab cartographer Muhammad al-Idilis. As a major port for trade with Russia and Scandinavia, Tallinn became the target of the expansion of the Danish kingdom, which came under Danish rule after 1219.

During the Northern Crusaders, the locals converted to Christianity. In 1285 the city became a northern member of the Hanseatic League, a trade and military alliance of some German cities in northern Europe. In 1345, the Danes sold Tallinn and their possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Knights. In the Middle Ages, Tallinn was a strategically important stronghold, a crossroads of trade between Western Europe, Northern Europe and Russia. The city had a population of 8,000 and was defended by walls and 66 fortresses. St. Olaf's Church in Tallinn was once the tallest building in the world and remains the tallest building in Tallinn's Old Town.

With the beginning of the Reformation, German influence began to grow stronger. Tallinn became a Swedish territory in 1561, and during the Great Northern War, the Swedish army based in Tallinn surrendered to Russia in 1710, but the local German leaders retained their cultural and economic autonomy under the Tsar. The industrialization of Tallinn in the 19th century kept its port important. In the last decade of the 19th century, the Russification of Tallinn became very strong.

On February 24, 1918, the citizens of Tallinn issued a declaration of independence, but it was then occupied by the Germans, and later the Estonian Liberation War was fought with Russia. On February 2, 1920, the Treaty of Tartu was signed with the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in which Russia permanently recognized the independence of the Republic of Estonia and Tallinn became the capital of Estonia. During the Second World War, Estonia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940-1941, then by Nazi Germany in 1941-1944, and again by the Soviet Union in 1944. Estonia was forcibly joined as a Soviet republic, and Tallinn became the capital of the Estonian SSR.

In August 1991, Estonia broke away from the Soviet Union and re-established the independent and democratic Republic of Estonia.

culture

Surrounded by water on three sides, Tallinn is the only city in Northern Europe that retains its medieval appearance and style. The city is divided into two parts: the old town and the new town. Shangcheng was a gathering place for the upper class, religious classes, and feudal elites

The famous castle of Tombea is located in the upper city. The lower town was home to merchants and craftsmen, and there is the Plaza de la Coya, with an octagonal tower, the Municipal Building, and the old Thomas at the top

A statue of the patron saint, it is the symbol of the city of Tallinn. At the heart of the new town is the Place de la Velo, a street that leads to the old town. On the square is one of the largest hotels in Tallinn, the Vilu Hotel. The square is surrounded by strips of radiation

modern highways to other cities in Estonia. There are many parks built in the new town.

Historically, Tallinn has been attacked, looted, destroyed and plundered many times. Despite the intensive bombing of Tallinn by the Soviet Air Force at the end of World War II, most of the medieval Old Town retains its original charm, and in 1997 it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tallinn's historic Old Town is made up of the following three parts:

1. The Domberg (German) is the center of power of the municipal government in history. It was ruled first by the bishop of the city, then by the Teutonic Knights and the nobles of the Baltic Germans, and until now it is home to the Estonian government and many embassies and official residences.

2. The Old Town is an old Hanseatic town, which was not administratively unified with the Tumbia district until the end of the 19th century. The area was very prosperous and was a center of trade in the Middle Ages.

3. Estonian Town is a newly developed area in the southern part of the old city, where Estonians come to live. Until the mid-19th century, when Estonians replaced the Baltic Germans as the main population of Tallinn, there were not many Estonians living here.

Near the park is an open-air singing arena established in 1960 and is one of the best music venues in Europe. It has a unique shape: the stage is parabolic with its back to the sea, which can accommodate 30,000 people to sing on the same stage, and the audience is set on a natural semi-circular platform near the sea, which can accommodate 150,000 listeners. The city is home to many famous historical monuments, including castles and churches dating from the 13th to 15th centuries, including the Olevist Cathedral, the tallest church on the Baltic coast, and the medieval city walls, towers and castles, which still stand today. At the end of the 15th century, a new 159-metre-high Gothic minaret was built on St. Olaf's Church in Tallinn. Between 1549 and 1625, it was the tallest building in the world, and after several fires and reconstructions, the total height of the building now stands at 123 meters.