The Old Town of Lankraków, located on the upper left bank of the Vistula River in southern Poland, about 250 kilometers from Warsaw, is the historical city of Krakow, a part of the first district of Krakow, and one of the oldest cities in Central Europe.

Krakow is one of the few cities in Poland that survived the war, and historically it was the capital of Poland. In 1978, Krakow's Old Town and most of the two neighborhoods south of the Old Town, Stradom and Kazimierz, were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name of "Krakow's Historic Centre", the first World Heritage Site in Poland.

Since this city is located on the left bank of the upper reaches of the Vistula River, when Ye Chao leaves, he can leave along the river......

Ye Chao rented a yacht and left on a river cruise......

The Vistula River, also known as the Vistula River, is the longest river in Poland.

It has a total length of 1,047 kilometers and a basin area of 192,000 square kilometers, which is two-thirds of Poland's land area. It originates in the Bezkidd Mountains and flows through Krakow, Warsaw, Toruń and finally into the Baltic Sea in Gdansk.

The Vistula River originates in the northern slopes of the Sibeskids Mountains near the Polish-Slovak border in southern Poland, and turns northeasterly to Sandomesch, northwest through Warsaw, the Polish capital, and then due north to Bydgoszcz, crossing a vast delta and joining the Baltic Sea into the Baltic Gulf of Gdansk about 25 km east of Gdansk.

With a total length of 1,068 km, a basin area of 199,000 km2, an average annual flow of 1,100 m3/s and an annual runoff of 34.7 billion m3, the Vistula River is the largest river in Poland.

The location of the basin is between 17°05'~25°07'E longitude and 49°24'~54°22'N latitude.

The Vistula River runs through the east and north of Poland and is a flat river, with many tributaries, abundant water, gentle flow, many meanders, and small drops. The main tributaries of the right bank are: Sola, Raba, Dunajec, Islok, San, IEPRZ, Bug, Dreca, etc.

On the left bank, the Nida, Kamierma, Radomka, Pilica, Brda, DA and Ierzyca tributaries are fed.

The Bug River is the largest tributary of the Vistula River, originating near the town of Zolochev about 80km east of the city of Lviv, Ukraine, and flows northwestward, one of which is the boundary river between Ukraine and Poland, and enters Poland about 40km northwest of Brest, receiving tributaries such as the Krzna River, the Lesna River, the Nare River and the Kra River.

It flows into the Vistula River about 30km northwest of Warsaw. The average annual rainfall of the river is 547mm, the average annual flow is 137m3/s, and the runoff is 4.32 billion m3.

The most common high-stemmed aquatic plants in the Vistula River: the varieties of mushrooms that are submerged in the water are water lilies and calamus with floating leaves.

There are more than 40 species of fish in the river. In the upper reaches, it is the most prevalent, in the middle and lower reaches it is the most common, and in the estuarine bay, there are the European squirt and the squirt. In early spring, when the temperature of the river is between 6 and 8 degrees Celsius, large numbers of herring flood into the waters of the lagoon and return to the Baltic Sea after spawning.

At the height of the herring season, catches can reach up to 20 tonnes per day. The caught herring is transported to the Tolkomicsk, Elblong and Vvadisłavovo regions for processing at local processing plants.

The Vistula and Oder rivers are connected by the Brda, Bydgoszcz, Norteč and Varta rivers, and in 1960 the Soviet Union, East Germany and Poland agreed to establish long-term shipping routes along this waterway. In 1963, a canal was dug to avoid natural disasters at the confluence of the Vistula and Narev rivers.

This also improved the connection of the Vistula River with the Soviet shipping waterway system.

Despite the potential of the Vistula River as a transport route between the heavy industrial centers of southern Poland and the Baltic ports, the dangers of navigation limited the development of freight transport. Since the Vistula River flows through mostly plain areas, although there is abundant water, it is not suitable for the construction of large hydropower stations due to the gentle drop of the water flow.

The section from Warsaw to the estuary downstream of the river contains a lot of hydropower resources, and after all development, it can obtain 4 billion k?h of electricity per year, but it has not yet been developed.

So far, only 13 dams (dams over 15 m high) have been built on the main tributaries, and only 5 reservoirs with a storage capacity of more than 100 million m3 have been built.

Regarding this river, during World War II, there was also a famous battle.

The Battle of the Vistula-Oder River was a combat operation of the Soviet Army on the Vistula-Oder River from January 12 ~ February 3, 1945 at the end of World War II.

The campaign ended in a Soviet victory, laying a good foundation for victory in World War II.

The Soviet High Command considered the liberation of Poland of great significance, and therefore assembled a powerful group to crush the German army on Polish territory.

Before the start of the campaign, the 1st Belorussian Front (commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov) and the 1st Ukrainian Front (commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Konev) alone had 16 combined armies, 4 tank armies, 2 air force armies, as well as a number of independent tank armies, mechanized armies, cavalry corps and a large number of troops directly under the Front, totaling 2.2 million men, 33,500 artillery pieces and pursuit guns, 7,000 tanks and self-propelled guns, and 5,000 aircraft.

This was the largest strategic group of the Soviet army pre-established for the implementation of an offensive campaign. The two fronts operate in a 500-kilometre-wide strip and control three landing sites in Magnushev, Puvavi and Sandomierz on the left bank of the Vistula.

Defending the enemy in front of the enemy was the main force of the German Army Group "A" (renamed Army Group "Center" on 26 January, commanded by General Harper), with a total of about 560,000 officers and men, about 5,000 artillery pieces and mortars, more than 1,200 tanks and assault guns, and more than 600 aircraft.

In the course of the engagement, the enemy transferred about 40 divisions to Poland from the Western Front, from the German interior, and from other parts of the Soviet-German battlefield.

In order to resist the Soviet attack, the German high command established a complete defense system between the Vistula and Oder rivers in Poland, which included seven defensive areas arranged in echelons with a depth of 500 kilometers.

In order to improve its stability, especially in terms of anti-tank protection, extensive use was made of the Vistula, Varta, Oder and other rivers.

This series of defensive areas includes a number of cities and fortresses that have been prepared for long-term defense, such as Modlin, Warsaw, Radom, Lodz, Kielce, Krakow, Blomberg (Bydgoszczcz), Poznan, Breslau (Wrocław), Opperen (Opole), Schneidmeier (Piva), Küstrling (Koschen), Glogau (Gvoguv), etc.).

The political objective of the Vistula-Oder campaign was to liberate Poland from the Germans.