Chapter 390: Transfer, Belgium

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is a representative of the Empire style.

The rise of this style is inextricably linked to Napoleon's advocacy.

Its rise and fall have always been closely linked to the fate of Napoleon, and these buildings are inspired and modeled after the majestic architecture of the Roman Empire. They are huge in scale, simple in appearance, and pursue the majesty, calmness and majesty of the image.

The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is modeled after the Arc de Triomphe in ancient Rome, but it is larger in scale and simpler in structure. Except for the eaves, walls and foundations, the whole building does not make any major divisions, does not use columns, even the buttresses are omitted, and there are no lines.

The triumphal arch abandons the multiple arch shapes of the Roman triumphal arch, and only sets up one arch coupon, which is simple and solemn.

To commemorate his victory over the Russian-Austrian forces in 1805, Napoleon ordered the construction of "a great sculpture" in 1806 to welcome the victorious French soldiers.

On August 15 of the same year, the construction began according to the design of the famous architect Jean Chadgren, but after Napoleon was overthrown, the construction of the Arc de Triomphe was aborted.

The work was only continued after the overthrow of the Bourbons in 1830. After 30 years on and off, the Arc de Triomphe was finally inaugurated on July 29, 1836.

The Arc de Triomphe is the largest of more than 100 in Europe and one of the four most representative buildings of the city of Paris (namely the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre and the Louvre Museum, Notre-Dame Cathedral).

This majestic building was built to commemorate Napoleon's defeat of the Russian-Austrian army in the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805.

After the death of General de Gaulle in 1970, it was renamed General Charles de Gaulle's Square.

Construction of the Arc de Triomphe began on August 15, 1806 and was completed on July 29, 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is 49.54 meters high, 44.82 meters wide and 22.21 meters thick, and the central arch is 36.6 meters high and 14.6 meters wide.

On the walls of the piers on both sides of the Arc de Triomphe, there are four groups of large-scale reliefs on the theme of war: "Expedition", "Victory", "Peace" and "Resistance", and some of the figures are five or six meters high. The Arc de Triomphe is surrounded by doors with the names of the 386 generals and 96 victories who followed Napoleon's expeditions, as well as the history of French warfare between 1792 and 1815.

The 12 avenues of Paris are centered on the Arc de Triomphe, radiating to all sides, which is a magnificent design model for large European cities.

There is an elevator inside the Arc de Triomphe, which leads to the 50-meter-high arch. One can also climb the spiral stone staircase up 273 steps.

There is a small historical museum on it. Pictures and historical documents on the history of the construction of the Arc de Triomphe are on display, as well as pictures of Napoleon's life and deeds. In addition, there are two cinema screening rooms dedicated to documentaries on the history of Paris, narrated in English and French.

Visitors can also go up to the large platform at the top of the museum, from which they can enjoy a spectacular view of Paris, the prosperity of the Champs-Elysées, the Eiffel Tower, and the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Sacré-Coeur Cathedral on the Seine.

There are four famous floral reliefs on the four sides of the two pillars of the Arc de Triomphe......

After walking through the triumphal arch, Ye Chao did not wait for Tang Hong to come to him again, and decisively left Paris.

No matter how beautiful a city is, after playing, even if you are reluctant to leave, Ye Chao will go to other places to take a look and swim......

He chose Belgium.

Belgium was one of the first countries on the European continent to carry out the Industrial Revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, and is at the crossroads of Europe, both geographically and culturally.

Although the land area is not large, there are unique tourist attractions all over the country. The capital, Brussels, is not only famous for the ancient battlefield of Waterloo, but also the headquarters of the European Union.

Belgium is a highly developed capitalist country with foreign trade as the lifeblood of its economy, and is one of the world's top 10 importers and exporters of goods, with about two-thirds of the country's GDP coming from exports.

Belgium is a founding member of the European Union and NATO, as well as a member of international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

Ye Chao's first stop in Belgium was Brussels.

Brussels is the capital and largest city of Belgium, the seat of the main administrative bodies of the European Union (EU), the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), known as the capital of Europe, and the daily meeting of more than 200 international administrative centers and more than 1,000 official groups.

Brussels is located on the banks of the Senne River, with the low flat Flemish plain to the north and the slightly undulating Brabant Plateau to the south, with an average elevation of 58 meters.

The upper city is built on the slope and is an administrative district, and the main attractions are the royal palace in the Louis XVI architectural style, the royal square, the Egmont Palace, the National Palace, the Royal Library, and the Museum of Modern and Ancient Art. The lower town is a bustling commercial center. The "Grand Square" in the city centre is surrounded by many medieval Gothic buildings, among which the Town Hall is the most spectacular.

Brussels is home to some of the finest buildings and museums in Europe, where skyscrapers and medieval buildings complement each other. The whole city is centered on the Imperial Palace, built along the "small ring", and it is better to visit on foot.

Brussels is a bilingual city with French and Dutch spoken and spoken by the majority of French speakers. In addition, languages such as Turkish and Arabic are widely spoken by Muslims in Brussels.

Among the four main institutions of the European Union, the European Council, the European Commission and the Council of the European Union are located in Brussels, and another body, the European Parliament, also has a branch in Brussels (the Plenary Parliament is in Strasbourg, France), so it has the reputation of "European Capital".

Brussels has a history of more than 1,000 years.

In 979 A.D., Duke Charles, who took the Senne River valley as his fiefdom, chose the island of Saint-Géri on the Senna River as his settlement, built a fortress and a pier on the island, and built a luxurious residence for himself.

The name "Brussels" is derived from this.

The foundation of the city, i.e. from 979 A.D. onwards.

In the Middle Ages, Brussels became the domain of the Duke of Brabant and Charles V, but due to its special geographical location, many political forces wanted to take it for themselves, and it was fought for hundreds of years.

Brussels' unique history has given it an inclusive, open urban character and a great skill in maintaining independence among the great powers.

Due to the easy access to the river, the distribution of goods and the rise of port trade, by the 13th century it became a handicraft city with a considerable scale of craftsmanship, and the production of woollens, tapestries and lace was famous throughout Europe.

The city of Brussels is slightly pentagonal in shape and has many places of interest, making it a famous tourist destination in Europe. The city is divided into the upper and lower towns.

The city of Brussels is divided into two parts, the upper and the lower city, by the central street. The Upper Town is home to royal palaces, parliaments, government offices and residential areas, and is home to many famous tourist attractions, especially historic buildings of various styles and museums with rich collections.

Downtown is a bustling business district and home to the headquarters of the European Union. Brussels is home to the statue of the world-famous "First Citizen of Brussels", which stands in the alleys of Eduriver near the Grand Place.

The Upper City is built on the slope of the city, as an administrative district, and the main attractions are the Louis XVI style of architecture, the Royal Place, the Egmont Palace, the National Palace (where the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies are located), the Royal Library, and the Museum of Modern and Ancient Art.

Banks, insurance companies, and some well-known industrial and commercial companies are headquartered here. The lower town is a commercial area, and it is very lively with shops. The "Grand Square" in the city center is surrounded by many medieval Gothic buildings, the most spectacular of which is the town hall.

Nearby are the Historical Museum, the Swan Café, where Marx frequented, and the Financial Street Theater, the birthplace of the 1830 Revolution.

In the vicinity of the royal palace on the outskirts of Brussels, there is a group of buildings in the shape of atomic structures, hence the name Atomium, also known as the Atomic Museum. It was built to commemorate the 1958 Brussels World's Fair.

It has a total of 9 balls, each ball is 18 meters in diameter, the highest ball is 102 meters above the ground, there are pipes between the balls, and some pipes are also installed with electric escalators for visitors to go up and down.

In the southern suburbs of Brussels, there is an open undulating field that is famous for the ancient battlefield of Waterloo, where the French Emperor Napoleon was defeated in 1815.

Today, on a round hill about 50 meters high, stands an iron lion, made from guns left on the battlefield.

At the foot of the Lion Rock, there is an exhibition hall of the Battle of Waterloo, where a 110-meter-long and 12-meter-high circular mural completed by the famous French painter Dumerin in 1912 depicts the fierce battle between the two armies and the rout of Napoleon's cavalry in this war that shook the world.

Brussels is one of Europe's oldest cultural centers. Many of the world's greats such as Marx, Hugo, Byron and Mozart have lived here.

On 22 September 1994, the Brussels Region and Beijing became sister cities. It is home to the headquarters of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as well as more than 700 other international organizations and more than 100 diplomatic missions that have their headquarters or offices here, and for this reason, 27% of Brussels' residents are foreigners, making it a truly international city.

Although originally a Dutch-speaking city, today Brussels has developed into a bilingual city with French and Dutch coexistence.

In general, French is the mother tongue of the majority of the population of Brussels and the dominant language in the city. According to the Brussels archives, before the popularization of French (1793-1815), Dutch remained the most commonly used language in local administrations, although French was the language of local rulers during the Burgundian era.

From 1880 onwards, more and more Dutch speakers began to speak both languages, and eventually after 1910, the French-only population began to increase. By the mid-20th century, the French-only population had outnumbered the bilingual population.

In the 19th century, many native Dutch speakers began to speak French. The main reasons for this were that French was a symbol of superior civilization and status in European society at the time (even the Flemish elite switched to French), Dutch represented poor and backward Flanders, and the only official language of the Belgian government at that time was French.

Educational institutions in Brussels are also almost exclusively taught in French, which further hinders the spread of the Dutch language and leads to an inferior impression of the Dutch language.

As a result, the local population only speaks Dutch in private or at home, while French is spoken in public. To this day, it is still possible to meet many French-speaking Brussels, who are unable to speak standard Dutch, but who are able to partially hear or understand the Blanbont dialect.

The official languages of the Brussels-Capital Region are now French and Dutch. Since the establishment of linguistic demarcation lines in Belgium, the country no longer conducts official linguistic surveys of the population, so all the results of the study are only some estimates.

Considering that Brussels is the capital of a country with a 60% Dutch-speaking population, and that the Brussels district itself is completely surrounded by Dutch-speaking culture, many Dutch speakers from the surrounding areas often come to the city for work, shopping or leisure. Therefore, although the dominant language of the city is French, a minimum knowledge of Dutch is essential.

The change in attitudes towards Dutch has led to one consequence: many pupils who do not speak Dutch at home choose to study in Dutch schools. Scholars estimate that about 28.23% of the urban population has a "good to fluent" level of Dutch (including those who speak Dutch as a first or second language).

With regard to English, about 35.4 per cent of the population has the same level, while French, as the dominant language in Brussels, has about 95 per cent of the population. As urbanization has pushed beyond the borders of the Brussels-Capital Region, many of the formerly Dutch-speaking regions of Flanders have also attracted large numbers of French-speaking people.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the dominant language in some small towns close to the border of the capital region gradually became French, and in some cases it even reached 70 per cent of the population. This has led to the emergence of new linguistic conflicts in Belgium, most notably in the Brussels-Halle-Fairford region.

In recent years, the biggest change has been due to the large number of Muslim immigrants who have come in and languages such as Turkish and Arabic have been widely spoken.

Brussels is a famous tourist city in Europe and is known as "Little Paris". The city is home to numerous monuments and museums, and outside the city there are dense forests, small sparkling lakes and grassy meadows.

Among them, the most impressive are the "three major pieces" of Brussels: the first citizen is less than Lian, the Atomium and the ancient battlefield of Waterloo. View: Waterloo Ancient Battlefield, Brussels Atomium, Peeing Boys, Place Brussels, Victor Horta Museum.

Located in the heart of the city, the main square was built in the 12th century, the whole square is rectangular, surrounded by Gothic buildings that resemble burning flames, the minaret of the town hall is 85 meters high, and the tower is crowned with a 5-meter-high statue of the patron saint of the city of Brussels, and the ceiling of the hall is beautifully painted, and there are huge portraits of historical figures and huge oil paintings by the famous painter Rubens.

Nearby are shopping streets and restaurants, including the oldest shopping street in Europe, Galeries St. Hubert.

On the north side of the main square stands a bronze statue of the world-famous "mannekenpis", which is about half a meter high, and is a child peeing naked and cross-legged.

It is said that more than 500 years ago, this little boy named Yu Lian extinguished the fuse of the intruders and saved the residents of the city, so this statue is erected to commemorate him. The Maisondu Roi, located next to the square, is worth a visit with hundreds of peeing children's costumes from all over the world.

The Brussels Park is a favorite place for Brussels citizens to relax. The Church of Saint-Michel and the Royal Palace building in the city are located near the Brussels Park and are home to the Royal Guard.

Other notable attractions include the Atomic Energy Museum in the northwest of Brussels and the Ancient Battlefield of Waterloo in the southern suburbs.

Brussels is located at the intersection of the Dutch-speaking region in the north and the French-speaking region in the south, and both scripts are used on the streets and public advertisements of the city, and social interaction is mainly in French.

Brussels is home to the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union. Brussels is home to some of the finest buildings and museums in Europe, where skyscrapers and medieval buildings complement each other. The whole city is centered on the Imperial Palace, built along the "small ring", and it is better to visit on foot.