Like Novogrudok, Grodno was considered a major city in the western part of Black and Black Rus, the part of present-day Belarus near the Neman River, and was constantly threatened by various military forces. In 1241 in the 5th Grodno prince Yuri? During the reign of Glebovich, the Tatars invaded and destroyed Grodno.

A little later, in the 1250s, in the course of the unification of the Lithuanian region by Mingdagas, Grodno was captured. After 1270, Grodno officially became the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1284 during the war between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights, Grodno was devastated.

After the Prussian uprising, many old Prussians migrated to Grodno.

From 1376 to 1382 Vytautas was Grand Duke of Grodno, from where he seized supreme power. It was here that the Battle of Grunwald was prepared. In 1389, in order to resume commerce and trade, Grand Duke Vytautas allowed the establishment of a municipal government and a Jewish community in Grodno.

It was the first Jewish community in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

In 1496 the city received a charter allowing autonomy based on the Magdeburg Law, which allowed commerce to develop as quickly as possible, represented by the Jewish community. After the establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, Grodno was transferred to the Kingdom of Poland and became the seat of parliament of the Federation, while its old and new castles also served as the summer residence of the Grand Duke.

After the first partition of Poland in 1772, Grodno briefly became the capital of Suwałki Province. In the late 18th century in Anthony? Under the influence of Antoni Tyzenhauz, the industry of Grodno began to develop. In 1793 the last parliament in the history of the Confederation was held in Grodno, the Grodno Parliament.

Bought and intimidated by Russia, the parliamentarians passed a bill for the second partition of Poland. In the third partition of Poland two years later, Russia received Grodno. On November 25 of the same year, in the New Castle, the last King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania abdicated.

After the annexation of Grodno to Russia, it became the capital of the Grodno province.

After the outbreak of World War I, Grodno was occupied by Germany in 1915, and in 1918 Russia officially abandoned Grodno under the Peace of Brest. On March 25, 1918, the State Republic of Belarus proclaimed independence in Minsk.

However, with the withdrawal of German troops from the territory of Belarus after the defeat of the war and the stationing of Soviet Russian troops, the Council of the Belarusian State Republic had to move from Minsk to Grodno, which was still under the control of German troops at that time.

When the Polish-Soviet War broke out in February of the following year, the German commanders of the Eastern Front, fearing that Grodno would fall into Soviet hands, handed over the city's defenses to the Polish army on April 27, 1919, and the Polish army took over Grodno the next day.

On July 19, 1920, the Soviet Red Army occupied Grodno. In July, the Lithuanian government had received a promise from Russia that it would hand over the city to Lithuania, but Russia's defeat in the Battle of Warsaw rendered this plan null and void.

On September 15, the Polish army advanced to the banks of the Neman River, and Tukhachevsky relied on the Neman River to organize a defensive line in Grodno, and the Battle of the Neman River broke out. On 23 September, Polish troops recaptured Grodno. After the signing of the Treaty of Riga, Grodno remained in Poland. After the end of the First World War, Grodno was devastated and prosperous, and the provincial capital was moved to Bialystok, where it became the seat of a county government.

However, at the end of the 20s the city became the largest barracks of the Polish army. This has gradually brought the local economy back on track.

When World War II broke out in 1939, Grodno's barracks provided a large supply of troops to defend against the Germans. Beginning on September 17, Soviet troops began to invade Poland. From September 20 to September 22, the battle for Grodno took place, and Grodno was occupied by Soviet troops.

According to the Soviet-German non-aggression pact, Grodno was owned by the Byelorussian Soviet Republic. In June 1941, German troops invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Grodno. In 1942 Grodno was renamed "Garten", and the city's Jewish residents were sent to live in two large ghettos (Grodno Ghetto) and then to concentration camps by German troops.

By the time the Soviet troops liberated Grodno on July 16, 1944, just over 200 Jews remained in the city. After 1945, Grodno was reassigned to Belarus.

The coat of arms of the city of Grodno is a deer jumping over a silver fence with a golden cross between its two antlers.

This stems from the legend of St. Huberts, a nobleman who loved to hunt. On one deer hunt, he saw a deer with a cross and a voice directed him to believe in God, and Huberts came to his senses, gave up hunting, and later became the patron saint of hunters. The city of Grodno has always been an unofficial emblem with Huberts' deer, which became the official emblem in 1994 and is also embedded in the city flag.

In terms of education, there are three public universities in Grodno: Grodno State Medical University, Grodno State Agricultural University and Grodno State University; and five private colleges and universities.

Grodno State Medical University is one of the best medical universities in Belarus, Grodno State University is a pedagogical school founded in 1940, focusing on scientific and technical research, founded on October 18, 1978, and has now developed into one of the largest regional universities in Belarus, with a total of more than 20,000 students and teaching staff.

There are two theatres in Grodno: the Grodno State Theatre and the Grodno Puppet Theatre. There are 8 museums.

Brest is a city in Belarus near the border with Poland and the capital of the Brest region. Historically, it was a major land checkpoint city in the former Soviet Union. Today, the city connects the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States, is an important industrial, cultural and sports center of Belarus and one of the cities with a long history in Belarus.

In the Grodno and Brest regions there is a national park called "Belovezh" National Park.

Located 420 km west of the capital of Belarus and on the border with Poland, Belovezh National Park is one of the oldest forests in the world and is known as the "lungs of Europe".

The park is famous for its fact that it is home to a living fossil that is rare in the world, the European bison, which has become a symbol of Belarus.

Located on the border between Belarus and Poland, Belovezh National Park is one of the oldest forests in the world and is known as the "lungs of Europe". The trees and plants are huge, which is rare in Europe, but the king of the forest is the bison. It is the largest animal in Europe and has survived from ancient times.

Due to the long-term killing of humans, since the 17th century, only "Belovezh" has survived this bison, so it has great scientific research value, just like the giant panda in China. Today, Belarus is full of bison souvenirs made of wood, crystal, ceramics and other materials.