At the end of the month, I always have to nag a few words, especially at the end of this month, the first is the last day of 2014, the second is also the last day of this month, double the monthly pass on the last day of 2014, so many last days, add up, is it worth saying two sentences?

~Hehe~

As is customary, let's talk about the problem first.

The first question is Zhu Di's biological mother

Recently, because I wrote about Zhu Di's biological mother, I checked Concubine Shuo a little, who knew that after checking for a long time, whether it is the official history, wild history, or various legends, there are very few records of this woman, and even her life has no record of a few words, except for a few words in the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" of Taichang Temple, the institution in charge of etiquette, which is mentioned in the later "National History Examination" and "Sanyuan Notes".

The mercy of the mausoleum god is a concubine Li Shu on the left, the prince Zhu Biao, the king of Qin, and the king of Jin, and a concubine on the right, who is the ancestor Zhu Di. The placement of the ancient gods is strictly in accordance with the identity, and the "Sanyuan Notes" even pointed out that Qian Qianyi (a university scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, and later surrendered to the Qing Dynasty) had visited the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum on New Year's Day in 1645, and found that the mercy of the Xiaoling shrine was at the mercy of the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles", and the spiritual position of Concubine Qi was in the first place on the right, which also confirmed that the real purpose of Zhu Di's construction of the Great Bao'en Temple was to commemorate his biological mother. Even so, there are very few records of this woman, her birth records and life, as well as her appearance, age, and living materials have all been destroyed, so that all we can see now is this title, but we can't find any words about her records, but her death is a bit mysterious in the name, and I will talk about them one by one here.

Legend 1, Ming Taizu suspected his unchastity, and together with Queen Ma, tortured him to death with the punishment of "iron skirt"; Legend 2, Concubine Qi was proud because of her pampering, and wanted to replace the prince with Ming Chengzu, and was ordered to be executed after Ming Taizu knew about it; Legend 3, Concubine Qi gave birth to Ming Chengzu, and Queen Ma loved it very much, so she framed and executed Concubine Qi, and recognized Ming Chengzu as her son. Legend four, before the death of Ming Taizu, he ordered Concubine Qi to be buried with him.

In any case, Concubine Qi can't escape the fate of "unnatural death". It is said that premature birth is not unique to the Ming Dynasty, when Wu Zetian Zhang Huai Prince Li Xian was also suspected of premature birth, indicating that Tai Zu suspected that the concubine was not chaste, tortured to death, for this rumor, Xiaojing denied the attitude, Zhu Yuanzhang with a cloth clothes, and the late Yuan Dynasty heroes competed for hegemony, seized the world, and then in order to consolidate their own Zhu family, follow the example of Han Gaozu Liu Bang to kill the meritorious ministers, and the killing developed a body of anger, if the Shuo concubine has an unchaste thing, according to Zhu Yuanzhang's temper, the ugliness of the family can not be publicized, and will kill this poor woman immediately, but many historical materials have recorded that Zhu Di and Zhu Hu, the king of Zhou, are brothers of a siblingLater, Emperor Jianwen cut the domain, and thought that Zhu Hu was the same brother of Zhu Di, the king of Yan, and was afraid that he would support Zhu Di, so he was specially wary of him. Zhu Hu himself also had a conspiracy, and Wang Han refused to accept the advice, and resigned because of his madness. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu, Zhu Youjia, the second son of Zhu Hu, reported his father's misdeeds to the imperial court, and the imperial court sent Li Jinglong to raid Kaifeng to arrest Zhu Hu, demote him to a concubine, and migrate to Yunnan. In the fourth year of Jianwen, Zhu Hu was summoned to the capital to be imprisoned. In this way, it is worth discussing, according to Zhu Yuanzhang's temperament that does not tolerate sand, he really didn't know that he would give birth to a second son, and after he gave birth to Queen Zhou, he would be tortured to death, which is somewhat inconsistent with Zhu Yuanzhang's temperament.

The second type, "pampered and arrogant", judging from Concubine Qi's humble title, she is just a concubine with a lower level than Concubine Shu, and there is still a considerable gap with "Chengmu Guifei". In the palace, the promotion of the title represents the woman's favor, which can be seen from the title of Wan Guifei, who was favored by Ming Xianzong later. Even if Concubine Qi is really favored, his son is only ranked fourth, and he is a concubine, Zhu Yuanzhang is the most concerned about the etiquette system, he established Emperor Jianwen, that is, Emperor Jianwen is the son of the prince Zhu Biao, it can be seen how much he cares about the concubine etiquette system, a concubine, no matter how to help his son compete for the throne, there is a prince, in Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes, it is impossible, and there are King Qin and King Jin in front of Zhu Di, so this statement is simply impossible.

The third kind of "martyrdom theory", a cruel and barbaric system of burial in ancient times, was reined in after the Qin and Han dynasties, and was often replaced by wooden figurines and terracotta figurines. After the Qin and Han dynasties, few people were buried. But in the Liao Dynasty, the wind of human martyrdom revived, and after the death of Liao Taizu Yelu Abaoji, Shu Luping even forced more than 100 ministers to be martyred. After that, Jin, Yuan, and early Ming all had a martyrdom system, and it was not until Ming Yingzong died that he issued an edict to terminate the funeral.

When Zhu Yuanzhang died, a total of 40 concubines were buried and martyred, except for two who died before him and were finally buried on the east and west sides of his mausoleum, the remaining 38 people were buried and died. However, there are many rules for the burial of emperors in previous dynasties, that is, the queen and the concubines of the princess who have given birth to the prince can be exempted from death. If it is really as later generations say, Concubine Shuo gave birth to Zhu Di and Zhu Yi, then it should not be, but there is a written record of the time of Concubine Qi's death from the official historical materials of Goryeo. In the twenty-second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, there was a Korean mission into China, and in Beiping (now Beijing) to pay homage to the Ming Chengzu, who was then the king of Yan, the envoy of the envoy Quan was close to his "Feng Envoy Lu" recorded, the text is as follows:

"Go to Yantai Station and enter the Yanwang Mansion. Rite of the Prophet. The official entered the opening, thinking that the queen mother died on the same day, and was not polite. Ordered to be accompanied by Ye Hong, the heir, to receive the museum. July 15 also. ”

The "first queen mother" here is the title of the queen mother of the princes of the Han system, and it is clearly pointed out that the death date of the biological mother of King Yan is "July 15th" There are two messages revealed here, the first is that Zhu Di was indeed born to Concubine Shuo, because Queen Ma was in the eighth lunar month of the fifteenth year of Hongwu, and Queen Ma died of illness at the age of fifty-one. In the ninth lunar month of the same year, he was buried in Xiaoling, and was called Empress Xiaoci. In the first year of Yongle, he was honored: filial piety, Zhaoxian, benevolence, Wende, Chengtianshun, and Shenggao Empress. This other level debunks the evidence that Zhu Di was born to Empress Gao's Ma, because Ma's death date was on the first day of the eighth month. The twenty-second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty is 1389 A.D., and the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty is still alive, and the Queen Mother of Yan has died, so there is a saying that the death date is said.

Similarly, another text records that Ming Chengzu, who was the king of Yan, Zhu Di, accompanied the princess of Yan to the Zhongshan palace in the 25th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, and recalled his biological mother by the Mochou Lake in the mansion. And at this time, there are still six years before Zhu Yuanzhang's death, think about it, Zhu Yuanzhang is still alive at this time, and at this time, he will let his concubine go to his own funeral, which is somewhat unreasonable, unless Zhu Yuanzhang thinks that he has lived too long, so the funeral here is almost impossible, not to die by martyrdom, nor to be proud of favor, then there is only one possibility, that is, as mentioned above, because of premature birth, he was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang.

In this way, the mystery of Zhu Di's biological mother is introduced.

I carefully checked some information, and the records that Concubine Shuo was Zhu Di's biological mother were several times more than the records of his biological mother. The first to propose that Concubine Shuo was Zhu Di's biological mother, a Ming Dynasty official named He Qiaoyuan.

History books record that this man was quite intelligent.

Qing•;Li Qingfu's Examination of the Origin of Science in Fujian•;Volume 75•;Mr. Situ He Jingshan Qiao Yuan": "Slightly longer, read and recite, tired of reading the sentences of the school teacher, and give it to the public to teach alone." In the fourteenth and fourth years of the year, that is, to attack ancient words, there are aspiring sages and sages, and they are not willing to bow their heads to the sub-industry to sell in a hurry. At the age of nineteen, he moved to the same township with his brother Dali. When he formed an association with Yang Wenke Daobin, Zhuang Hubu Xuming, Li Zuoxiang Menglin, and Shanren Huang Kehui, called the 'five sons'. ”

Qing•;Qianlong's Quanzhou Mansion Chronicles•;He Qiaoyuan":

"It's a little longer, it's extraordinary. My father put his knees on his knees and said, "I will be five or six years old, and I will write in regular letters." When he was eight years old, his father tried to say, "The rain and the sunny day are undecided." That is, he said: "There is a forest and a phoenix, and the country will prosper." 'Knowing is the country's zhen. The title is broken, entitled 'Ran has a certain sentence that is not called a sage, and the father of the door is wrong.' He said: "Gather and benefit, Wu Dexian!" "The innocence of his life has been seen." Bringing a pen to the dormitory, the middle father took the pen to solve the problem, and said: "The wonderful hand of the son of the watchman, the painstaking work of the good worker." He also knew that he would be known as his author.

In the school, in the middle of a few Tibetan poems, the teacher ordered to abandon it, that is, to return to it. Obeying his father's teachings alone, he has read comprehensive scriptures, history, sons, and collections, and "Selected Writings" and "Tang Poems" have been recited.

The 14th Five-Year Plan, that is, the ancient words of the work, the revival of the ambition. Father Jiong Moqi said: 'Today's word Lin Weijing Shi Wang Gong (Wang Xijue) is a well-known person, and his son should worship his disciples!' and the superintendent Hu Gong Erxi Baqiao Yuan should be recommended by Confucianism, at the age of nineteen, and his brother moved to the same Wanli Bingzi (Wanli four years) township list.

Ding Chou (Wanli five years), married.

He formed an association with his brother Housewarming, Yang Wenke (Yang Daobin), Chen Jiqing, Li Shizhen, and Shanren Huang Kehui ("Quanzhou People Directory•; Yang Daobin, Huang Kehui") and wrote poems, known as the "Five Sons of Wenling". "He was also quite famous in the Ming Dynasty, and it is even more rare that his family is a rare Fang Zhi family in China. His father, He Jiong, attached great importance to local documents, and was a famous scholar and educator in Quanzhou. His brother He Qiaoqian was also a very talented literati, and during the Wanli period, he was appointed as a teacher in Jianyang and compiled the "Tanyang Literature". The profound attainments of his father and brother had a great impact on He Qiaoyuan, giving him the opportunity to contact and collect the local history of Fujian when he was young, which laid a solid foundation for the compilation of the Book of Min in the future.

After he resigned and returned to Li, he lived in seclusion in Jingshan outside the north gate of Quanzhou in his later years, so scholars also called him Mr. Jingshan. The family has "Jingshan Study", "Self-vowed Zhai", "Tianting Pavilion", the collection of four books is full, the collection of tens of thousands of volumes, and the local bibliophile Huang Juzhong father and son, Li Maohui have many contacts, communicate with each other, purchase, copy books. They have been dating for more than 50 years, and they both like to collect books. After Qiao Yuan's death, his sons He Jiuyun and He Jiushu compiled his life poems, recitals, books, etc., called "The Complete Works of Mr. He Jingshan", and Huang Juzhong wrote a preface to this book. Among them, the more well-known ones are the 109 volumes of "Famous Mountain Collection", which is the famous history of the Ming Dynasty compiled by private individuals; it is recorded as the historical events between Hongwu and Longqing in the Ming Dynasty, and is mostly based on notes and old news of wild history, and has preserved a lot of historical materials that are rarely contained in various histories, and the book was included in the banned book in the Qing Dynasty. The 154 volumes of the Book of Min are the earliest and most complete provincial chronicles of Fujian; the 74 volumes of the Emperor's Ming Wenzheng are a collection of Ming poetry and essays; the 72 volumes of The Complete Works of Mr. He Jingshan are the collection of He's personal chapters and poems, and it is such a historian who first became suspicious of Zhu Di's biological mother:

"In Nanjing, I saw that Emperor Yun of "Taichang Zhi" was born as a concubine, and "Jade Chatter" was the fourth son of Gao Hou. A "Jade Plate" was compiled by Shi Chen on the day of its release, and there is no suspicion that Nantai is in charge of the permanent position, and it is unknown to have its basis. The minister is prepared to carry it, so that future generations can take a broad examination. “

As soon as this remark came out, in view of his status, it was quickly followed by later generations, and the later historian Tan Qianyi also relayed the record of the "Taichang Temple Chronicles", and used the eunuch's statement as evidence.

Xiaoling Xiangdian Tai Zu Gao Emperor, Gao Empress Nanxiang, Zuo Shufei Li, Shengjin Wen Huang Taiyu •;1, Times "1, Judong Lie Shi Xia Concubine Cheng Zuwen Emperor, Du Xilie, see "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles". The eunuch of Xiaoling, Juyun, filial piety, and Empress Gao, has no children, and is as ambitious. "A hall of matching, from the morning break, according to legend there must be a confirmation, so there are a lot of secrets, and micro and "Jade Plate" contradiction, I don't know the solution. “

Talk about relocating the "remnants of Jiangzuo". A native of Haining, Zhejiang (now southwest of Haining, Zhejiang). For life, he made a living as a servant and a staff member. He likes to be comprehensive, and all the sub-histories are all dedicated, and he is especially concerned about the history of the Ming Dynasty. In the tenth year of Shunzhi, he went north with his manuscript and visited ministers, royal families, eunuchs and princes in Beijing, collected anecdotes about the Ming Dynasty, and inspected historical sites on the spot, supplemented and revised them. After the book was completed, it was signed as "Jiangzuo Remnants", in order to convey the pain of the loss of the country, and was named "Guoyu", which clearly recorded a passage in the "Taichang Temple Chronicles".

Chengzu•"⋯;Emperor, Emperor Yudi, the fourth son of Emperor Taizu Gao, and his mother Shuo Concubine. "Jade Disk" Yun Gaocheng is the fourth son, Gai Shichen calls himself the emperor because of the emperor, and he is along the ear. Today's "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" contains Xiaoling's pretense to enjoy the first place in the hard concubine Mu, which can be reported. “

Since then, there have been many writers, and historians have left written records according to the words of the two. "Mausoleum" is a dining hall and a dormitory,...... Renwu, in July of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, Zhu Zhaoxuan's book is too often in the Yuan sacrifice period, Dai Guanzhi, enjoy the deep Mu of the palace, and the warm pavilion goes to the palace for three feet,...... The two columns and two chairs are close to Your Excellency, and one is a hard concubine a little earlier, and she is the biological mother of Chengzu. Cheng Zusheng, Queen Xiaoci is pregnant as her own son, and the matter is very secret. Forty-six seats were placed in the east and west rows, either sitting or not. ——Zhang Dai, a writer, essayist, and historian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

"Reading the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" contains the crown prince Peng Wen and the two kings of Qin and Jin are all concubines of Li, and Chengzu is the concubine of Jiao, and he is surprised. When Qian Zongbo was humble, he had a naturalist and could not decide. After Yu Hongguangyuan and thirsty filial piety mausoleum, Yu and Qianyi said that this matter and "Jade Chatter", the record left, He Zheng but the east side of the book contained in the list of concubines more than 20, and the west side of the concubine, but whether it is easy not to open the palace to test it. "And look into it, sure enough, I know that Li's hard words are there. Shen Xuanhua wrote what he saw into a long poem about the Zhaotai Temple of the High Emperor ,......⋯;, and after the capital was moved, the legacy system was not ,...... How can it be that on the first day of the year, the fire falls into the mother's question...... Yu Feng Xian Temple...... Wechen Inheritance Ceremony...... The queen is in the sky, and the god dwells in it. The concubines are in the east order, and one concubine is alone in the west. Cheng Zu was born, and the funeral was not daring. At first sight, "Record" An Keji wrote poems and allusions, and it will not be fascinated by future generations. - Li Qing. Historian of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Representative work "Notes on the Three Walls"

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Following these few, Ming history researchers in the early Qing Dynasty were also involved in this matter. Pan Weizhang said: "Yu Kao's "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" contains, filial piety gods, the left of a lady concubine Li, born Huowen Prince" one, the right a hard concubine, born Zuwen Emperor, is all enjoyed in the mausoleum, in charge of the ancestral officials, three hundred years have not changed, and the "Record" does not contain He Ye⋯;⋯; taste the quality of the old palace in the palace, all say that the filial piety queen has no sons, the first Nanchang Wang Wenzheng, Qiyang Wang Wenzhong and so on as the son, after the concubines have sons, they have their own sons, and they are the same as themselves, so there is no inference between China and foreign countries. If so,...... "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" contained in the non-non-levy. “

After arriving in the Qing Dynasty, poets, lyricists, scholars, and bibliophiles. Zhu Yizun simply made a research according to Tan Qian's statement, and Nang Haining talked about Ru Mu Qian, "Yicheng is a part of "Guoyi". The posthumous "Zaolin Miscellaneous Sisters", which describes that the filial piety Empress Gao has no children, and the special tomb is from the concubine of Gaoli, and the prince Guo Wen and the two kings of Qin and Jin are all produced by Li Shufei, and the people who heard it are shocked. In the third year of the Apocalypse, the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles", the emperor and the queen are set up in the hall of the great book filial piety, and there are five concubines on the left, and one concubine on the right. However, the "Actual Record" is from Shi Chen's song, which is not credible. After reading Shen Xuanhua's poems, he strengthened this view.

Ming Nandu Taimiao, Jiajing was burned by thunder and fire, Shangshu Zhan Ruoshui please rebuild, and Xia Yan A Shizong will, please stop, there is a will and people to serve the first hall. According to Changling, every self-proclaimed day "the fourth son of the queen of Liangao". However, the first temple system, the high back to the south, the concubines are all in the east column, and the west order is only one of the concubines, which contains the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles". Gai Gao has never been pregnant, how can it be that Changling, that is, Prince Yiwen is not a descendant. The world suspected that this matter was untrue, and recited Shen Dali's Xuanhua poems, and Si Ming Zheng. “

The above-mentioned families unanimously said that Ming Chengzu was born to Concubine Shuo, but did not specify her origin, only Zhu Yizun's "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" called "Gaoli Shuofei", and said that it was from Tan Qian's "Zaolin Miscellaneous Sister". As quoted above, "Zaolin Miscellaneous Sister" does not say this, I don't know what Zhu Yizun is based on, but as soon as he said this, future generations rushed to spread it. Rao Zhiyuan wrote the poem "Yongshuo Concubine" for this reason, "Far away from Chen Korea, the harem of the benefactor." Chen Zuolin also personally heard the fathers and elders say this, so as to verify that Zhu Yizun's statement is well-founded, "When I was a child, I visited the Nancheng Dabao'en Temple, and saw that the main hall was closed, and asked the fathers and old clouds, "This is the ancestral mother, the Shuofei Palace." The concubine was a Goryeo person, gave birth to the king of Yan, raised as a son after the high queen, and then gave the concubine death, and there was the punishment of the iron skirt, so Yongle built a temple tower to repay the mother's kindness. It is suspected that Lan Yanxi read Zhu Zhutuo Yi Zun Ba Nanjing Taichang Temple Zhiyun Changling was born to Concubine Shao, and it is seen in Tan Qian's "Zaolin Miscellaneous Sister".

All of the above will say that Concubine Shuo is the biological mother of Ming Chengzu, but for the records of Concubine Shuo, whether it is He Qiaoyuan's "Book of Min", Tan Qianzhi's "Guoyu", or Zhang Dai, Li Qingzhi's "Sanyuan Notes", etc., are all based on the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles", and the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Chronicles" was written by Wang Zongyuan of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zongyuan is Jiajing Jichou Jinshi, the official to the prime minister, the right deputy capital of the imperial history. "Chronicles of Nanjing Taichang Temple" was compiled when he was the secretary of Nanjing Taichang Temple. The memorable decorations and musical instruments of the various rituals are more prepared than the books of "Ming Huidian" and "Jili". As for the recommended offerings, they should be enshrined in the palace, and the number of scriptures and storage utensils in the department are all listed. When this book was compiled, there was a gap of more than 170 years from the birth year of Ming Chengzu to the 20th year, and in more than 170 years, there were many hearsay suspicions about Concubine Shuo in comparison with the absence of various records, and in this 170 years, only this book recorded the problem of Zhu Di's biological mother, which could not help but make people strange, according to Wang Shimao's "Peeping into the Sky": "Emperor Chengzu is the fourth son of Empress Gao. And "Wild History" is still said to be born to the princess Yuan. "The Origin of Mongolia" says that Chengzu was born to the Yuan concubine Hongjila. "First of all, the Mongolian Toyant Mur Uhagatu Khan (Emperor Yuan Shun) was Wushen at the age of Wushen, and the Han Zhu Genuo was twenty-five years old and attacked the capital, that is, the Khan, called Zhu Hongwu Khan of the Ming Dynasty. The third Fujin of his Uhagahutu Khan is the daughter of Hongjilat Toketuo, named Gehule Dehatun, who is pregnant for seven months, and Hongwu Khan is nazhi. In March, it was a boy born in the year old. ...... "Here is more divine than Qianlong is the son of Chen Gelao, but there are many people who believe in it, Liu Xianting said in "Guangyang Miscellaneous Records": "Ming Chengzu is not the son of the horse." His mother Weng, Mongolian, is the concubine of Emperor Yuan Shun, so it is hidden, there is a temple in the palace, the god of Tibet, the world worships it, and it is not about Zongbo. There is a celebrant eunuch for Peng Gong'an. Yu Shao said for this every time he heard that Lord Yan was old, and he believed it now. “

It can be seen that what Concubine Shuo said may not be true, but there are many records about Queen Ma as Zhu Di's biological mother.

"Gu Yu is a bandit, he is the son of his father, Emperor Tai Zugao, the son of Empress Xiaoci Gao, the younger brother of the crown prince, and the eldest of all kings." "Ming Taizong Record" also said: "Empress Gao gave birth to five sons, the crown prince of Changyiwen, the second Qin Shu Wang, the second Jin Wang, the second Shang, and the second Zhou Ding Wang Hu." - "The Decree of King Yan"

History of the Ming Dynasty. Chengzu Benji" because of this, Yun: "Emperor Wen is ashamed, and the fourth son of Taizu is also." Mother Xiao Ci Gao Empress. ”

"The Lineage of the Emperor and Ming" says that Taizong and King Zhou were born to Empress Gao, and the concubines of Yiwen, Qin, and Jin. ——Mingren Wang Shizhen, "Two Historical Examinations"

"The jade carved in today's Lu Mansion is the ancestor and the king of Zhou after a high post. It is clearly stated here that Zhu Yuanzhang has twenty-four sons and five biological mothers. Chang Yiwen Prince Biao, the second Qin Shu Wang Zhang, the third Jin Gong Wang, the fourth Yan Wang Di, the fifth Zhou Wang Hu, born to the high queen" - Lang Ying "Lufu Wang".

It can be seen that Zhu Di may not be born to Queen Ma, some people will say that this is the result of Zhu Di's beautification of himself, this does not dare to deny, but it is also undeniable that some people record these words with ulterior motives, according to Wang Shizhen's "Two Historical Examinations" quoted from other people's works and said: ""Eradication of the Remains" is said to be Yiwen, Qin, Jin, and Zhou kings were born to Queen Gao and Taizong was a concubine. "That is, Ming Chengzu was born to Concubine Da. "Eradication of the Relics" is made by Huang Zuo of the Ming Dynasty, this person has a lot of nostalgia for Emperor Jianwen, and Zhu Di seized his nephew's country and hated greatly, there are inevitably many untruths, and the later historian Zhu Yizun said: "Huang Zuo's "Eradication of the Relics" and the books of Jianwen at that time are inevitably confused by the two records of death and death. It can be seen that some literati hated Zhu Di at that time, and said that he was born to another concubine, and everyone could see that instead of believing what these literati said, Xiaojing thought that the credibility contained in the official history was relatively large, of course, this was only what Xiaojing said, what is the truth...... Hey.

……

The second question, did Zheng He make money when he went to the West?

According to Zheng He's subordinate Ma Huan, the book "Yingya Shenglan", which records in detail the actions of Zheng He's fleet, it mentions that as soon as the treasure ships arrived in a certain place, they sent small ships to trade, and the local merchants also purchased the goods needed by China in advance to prepare for trading with the treasure ships. One of them gives a very detailed account of the trade: "The two chieftains were rewarded by His Majesty of the Chinese court, and if the treasure ship came to them, it was all up to the two masters to buy and sell." The leader of the king's mission, Jing Zhedi, did not count a few books in the official mansion. The tooth man came to the meeting, and the lord of the ship negotiated to make a price on a certain day. On the solstice, they will first bring Jinqi and other things, negotiate the price one by one, write the contract price, and receive each other. Its leader, Zhedi, held it with the officials and the lords, and the tooth man said that it was decided to clap it in the hands of everyone on a certain day in a certain month, whether it was expensive or cheap, and he would not repent. Then the wealthy people of Zhedi came to negotiate the price of precious stones, pearls, corals, etc. It is not a day to be determined: the fast is January, and the slow is February and March. If the price has been decided, if you buy a main pearl or other things, the price is a few calculations that the original boss has not calculated, and a number of silk and other things should be returned, and they will be returned according to the goods of the original beater, and there is no change. It can be seen that Zheng He went to the West to do a lot of business and made a lot of money, such as Wang Shizhen said, "The dedication and mutual market to take the unnamed treasure, in a huge amount." ”

Yin Shouheng said, "The king paid tribute and took the unnamed treasure to the huge million!" In the second year of Tianshun of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuch Fu'an played: "Yongle, during the Xuande period, he repeatedly went to the West to buy gold, pearls, and precious stones, and now it has stopped for more than 30 years. The government is exhausted" Tianshun played again in the third year: "Yongle sent the officials to the West,...... Therefore, the country has sufficient use. For a long time, the treasury is empty...... "internal and external yamen, many years of making the jade treasure book ceremonial guard with a large number of gold, the official treasury is lacking, begging Yongle, Xuande Nian to send internal and external officials to the West and other places to buy,...... Inbound applications. Huang Fu, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry of Xuande, once said: "Yonglejian, although Beijing was built, the south was begging for Jiaozhi, and the north was conquering the desert, and there was no shortage of resources. There is no big expense than the country, and the year is only given. That is, if there is unfortunately a flood and drought, how will the requisition be helped?"

In the year of Jiajing, due to the cessation of activities in the West for many years, some scarce goods such as ambergris and the like were cut off, and Zhu Houxu of Ming Shizong had to send officials to "search for them in many places along the coast, and do not hesitate to pay high prices." "Even" record the sins of the ministers, visit and buy them on a regular basis, and then punish them later. "When the orders of picking zhi, silver, and incense were ordered together, the messengers came out in all directions, and the lawsuits were interesting, and they were anxious for the spark. This kind of phenomenon, in the era of Zheng He's voyage to the West, could not be seen in any way. Visible. When Zheng He went to the West, not only did the Ming Dynasty government gain great economic benefits from the development of overseas trade, but also ordinary people became rich because of it. As Ming Yan Jianjian said: "Since Yongle changed the yuan, sent four envoys to make a summons, the sea has made contributions, strange goods and heavy treasures, the previous generations wanted, overflowing the reservoir market, the poor people promised to buy, or get rich, and the state is also envious." ”

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Finally, there is still an hour tonight that is the last moment of the double monthly pass, and it is also the most tragic moment of the competition for the monthly ticket list. To be on this list, it is undoubtedly a thing to be happy and worthy of shouting, but this time is also my most nervous moment, those authors with hidden strength, will be at the last moment, call on all book friends to start the monthly ticket outbreak, this I believe you can also see, those rankings will rise very quickly, a blink of an eye can not see our country, every time I can't see the rankings, I will be a little anxious, I will be thinking if our update is not strong, whether I write badly, whether the book friends are not happy, every time I ask will try to change some, maybe the book friends see my efforts, changeEvery time in that position, it always gives me a little motivation, and now in the last moments of 2014, please give me the last strength of the year!