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Chai Chen recalled the words of "Lelang" just now, and his heart was bitter.

He can't wait to marry "Le Lin" back to the palace with three books and six ceremonies and an eight-person sedan chair.

It's just that the falling flowers are intentional, and the flowing water is ruthless.

What could he do?

Le Lin looked at his ashamed and helpless expression, and confirmed what he thought more and more - he couldn't disclose his broken sleeve friendship with Le Lang, so he had to let Le Lang borrow the identity of his twin sister, intending to hide from the world and secretly communicate with the song.

She didn't despise Chai Chen for being so selfish, and she was even more angry with him for instigating Lelang, so she snorted coldly, and turned her face away from looking at the two of them.

"Mr. Wang," Le Lin turned her head and said to Wang Anshi Zhengse, "I don't agree with your words. I don't approve of what you envisioned. ”

Wang Anshi's face was pale, and he praised "Le Lin" in his heart, so "Le Lang" despised "Le Lin" for no reason just because of his identity as a woman, he was already very unhappy, but because this was someone else's family matter, others were not easy to ignore, so they had to be silent. At this time, he heard "Le Lang" say such words, and he was even more hesitant.

Le Lin ignored Wang Anshi's black and blue face, and said to herself: "You don't know what the essence of the innovation you want to do is. ”

"Oh?" Wang Anshi sneered: "The implication of the words, you know the little marquis?"

Le Lin nodded indifferently, but did not answer Wang Anshi's question directly, but started from the topic of Fang Cai: "When I asked you about the reform of the law, I didn't ask about the consequences, but about the essence. ”

After asking these words, Wang Anshi was also tested for a while.

Essence?

"The essence is to be consistent with a certain one, to enrich the country and strengthen the army. After a little silence, Wang Anshi replied.

Le Lin shook her head and said seriously: "A rich country and a strong army are only the result of this change, not its essence. ”

Wang Anshi pondered for a while, couldn't help but agree with "his" statement, and gradually became interested in this topic. Although he was arrogant, he could also have enough humility about what he didn't understand, so he said sincerely: "I wish to hear it in detail." ”

"Shang Ying's change of law, the abolition of the well field, the abolition of the Shiqing Shilu system, the reward of military merits, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, so as to enrich the country and strengthen the army, these are actually appearances. The essence of this is that the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were a transitional period in which slavery collapsed and feudalism was established......"

"The collapse of slavery and the establishment of feudalism?"

Wang Anshi was puzzled: "The reform of Shang Ying's law was originally to abolish the feudal system, how could the feudal system be established, and what was the slavery system?"

Le Lin was stunned, and then realized that her words had deviated.

The "feudal system" as understood by Wang Anshi is "feudalism" in a narrow sense, that is, the feudal system. The words of "Lü's Spring and Autumn Tongquan Prudence": "Feudalism, that is, the establishment of feudal states, ancient emperors gave titles and land to relatives or meritorious heroes, so that they could establish states in their respective regions, that is, feudal relatives to feudal Ping Zhou. ”

What Le Lin is talking about is the feudal system in the modern sense of the later generations. The term "feudalism" is actually translated from the modern Western European term for feudalism.

Feudalism has a complex process in Western Europe, which refers to feudal vassals, serfdom, manor fiefdoms, feudal lords monopolizing land, not allowing land to be bought and sold, and contractual relations between lords and vassals who coexist with personal dependence.

However, the original meaning of "feudalism" in China is different from the connotation of feudalismus, and there is a similarity in the difference, so the modern Japanese enlightenment scholar Fukuzawa Yukichi and the Chinese translator Yan Fu both insisted on the universality of the ancient meaning of Chinese "feudalism" and the Western meaning.

Strictly speaking, the "feudal system" that Lelin refers to should be called "absolutist centralized system".

After thinking for a while, Le Lin sorted out the relationship and replied, "I said it wrong, I don't know how to name these two different relationships, but I can give an example." ”

She found pen, ink and paper from the pile of books next to her, and explained as she drew a structural diagram: "Slavery is like this—before the Shang Dynasty reform, the slave owners, that is, the monarch and his feudal nobles, had absolute ownership of the slaves, the slaves had no personal freedom, and the output of labor was completely owned by the slave owners, who only gave the slaves the minimum means of subsistence. ”

Le Lin's structure is clearly drawn, and the language is simple and clear, Wang Anshi only thought about it for a while, and then fully understood: "This is slavery?"

"Hmm. ”

"This is reasonable," Wang Anshi stroked his beard, carefully digesting these unheard of statements. After a moment, he muttered to himself: "Waste Jingtian, waste Shiqing Shilu, the essence of it is...... Abolish the rights of slave owners?"

Le Lin was amazed by Wang Anshi's quick reaction, and said, "Exactly!"

Wang Anshi was puzzled again, and he asked, "What happened here?"

"In the three generations of slavery dynasties of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the output of people's labor was extremely low, only enough for food and clothing, so the slave owners were able to control the slaves well. "However, with the passage of time, the use of iron farming tools and the gradual promotion of ox ploughing have led to the fact that some slaves can still have extra time and energy to cultivate the land after completing the role of slave owner......"

Wang Anshi slapped his thigh violently, and suddenly realized: "More and more private farmland has been cultivated, so it has gradually formed a person who can compete with the slave owners?"

"Well, it's the emerging landlord class. ”

"Landlord class!" is a good word, landlord, landlord, landlord, class, person who goes up to the next level!

Wang Anshi stroked his palms and exclaimed.

"The original slave land system was gradually replaced by the later private ownership of land, and the new landlord class demanded corresponding political rights with the growth of economic power, which caused changes in the social order. Therefore, there were demands for political reforms, the development of the economy of private land, and the establishment of the rule of the landlord class. ”

"This is why during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, various countries changed their laws one after another?"

"Hmm. ”

Glimpsing the historical truth of a period of change, Wang Anshi only felt like an enlightenment, and his heart was very excited.

After a while, he calmed down a little and asked, "Why don't you agree with my Seedlings Method?"

"Your idea is very good, since the Zishang Dynasty changed the law, no, since the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, in fact, this has always been the case - the landlord class holds the ownership of the vast majority of the land, and the peasants have no land or little land; the peasants have to rent the landlord's land in order to survive, and have to depend on the landlords, and they cannot get real freedom; the peasants pay most of the products of their labor to the landlords as rent, and only a small part of them survive themselves. ”

"The Seedlings Act can change this shortcoming. ”

"It's just," Le Lin sighed and frowned, "Your idea is too far ahead. ”

"Huh?"

"Shang Ying's reform was a contest between the new landlord class and the old slave owners, and at that time, the new landlord class was already strong enough, so his reform was successful. ”

When Wang Anshi heard this, he half-understood and half-believed.

"So, what about you?" Le Lin continued, "Your Qingmiao Law is to oppose the entire landlord class, and what new class do you rely on?"

……

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