What parts are most important in a computer, some say processor, some say hard drive, some say graphics card, memory. In fact, they are all important, even if the panel, all of them are indispensable. If you have to talk about the high, it must be the processor and hard disk that are the top priorities.

However, in the various parts of the computer, there is often a term, memory.

If you don't understand, you must think it's memory, but the actual memory and hard disk are a kind of memory.

In a narrow sense, memory is classified according to information function, and is divided into three types: read-only memory (ROM), read-only memory that can be rewritable (EPROM), and random memory (RAM).

The information in the ROM can only be read out, not modified or deleted by the author, and is generally used to store fixed programs.

EPROM differs from regular ROMs in that it can erase and rewrite its contents with a special device, which is generally used in the software development process.

RAM is commonly referred to as memory, and is divided into static and dynamic, static RAM relies on bistable triggers to remember information; Dynamic RAM relies on gate capacitors in MOS circuits to memorize information.

Dynamic RAM can be divided into Dynamic RAM, Extened Data Out RAM and Synchronous Dynamic RAM according to different manufacturing processes.

However, memory is more extensive than ordinary people think, and the earliest punch card readers, ordinary copiers, and punched paper tapes can also be counted as memory. In the fifties, the capacity of the drum memory was about 10KB, and the magnetic drum memory began to appear to weigh tons and require a small room of a few square meters to place it.

Wang An invented the magnetic core technology, and the patent was "cheated" by IBM, which launched the world's first hard disk on this technology, consisting of 50 24-inch disks with a total capacity of 5 million characters (less than 5MB).

In 80, IBM launched the first hard disk with a capacity of 1G, which was as large as a refrigerator and cost about 100,000 US dollars. In addition, in 78 years, the first commercial laser disc was launched, with 60 minutes of audio/video on both sides, and the optical disc is also a kind of memory, of course, floppy disks, and tapes belong to memory technology in a broad sense. Don't underestimate the CD, how to compress more information into a CD, Yibao, Qualcomm and TSMC, as well as Dali researchers transferred by Li Mo from China, still haven't completely solved it.

Of course, once it is solved, there is no doubt that CVD will be available, and disc game consoles will be officially available.

But the technology is almost done.

And then to the game console, a game console is no less than a small computer, the main memory, video memory, audio memory, input cache, operating system firmware, all are indispensable. Many of these chips fall into the category of dynamic random access memory.

There are many large semiconductor companies in the United States, such as Motorola, Texas Instruments, National Semiconductor, Intel, and AMD, which have their own achievements in processors.

However, in terms of memory, all of them were blown up by Japanese companies. Since Japan's major companies take memory as the leader, they have quickly occupied the semiconductor market, and Japan can often rank four or five of the top ten semiconductor companies. And Intel and other companies, under the dumping policy of Japanese counterparts, have even given up the main business of dynamic memory for a long time.

There are many reasons in between, and it will be unclear for a while. However, the incompetence of American companies has brought a crisis to Yibao.

The best dynamic memory technology is Japan's NEC, which is also a comprehensive large-scale enterprise covering a wide range of fields such as communications, computers, and military industry.

The IB machine uses NEC's memory chips, but since last summer, Yibao has begun to suffer from all kinds of difficulties from NEC, not only Nintendo, but Yibao is a big order, don't you know how to make money? The main Li Mo was too ruthless in Japan, which aroused the common hatred of the Japanese. Li Mo was happy, but the sales of Yibao and Yili in Japan began to encounter many difficulties. This problem is not serious, because Yili does not have a direct sales store in Japan, and Yibao has not opened the Japanese market well. As for the future, man is always a forgetful animal.

The instability of the supply of various memory chips has undoubtedly cast a shadow on Yibao's sales.

But what NEC didn't know was that Qualcomm and Yibao teamed up early to carry out a reverse push on various semiconductor products in Japan.

Later, many people laughed at Chinese copycats, and the history of actual technology itself is a history of copycats, and Westerners copied China's gunpowder, compass, papermaking, and printing, laying the most solid foundation for the Industrial Revolution. The United States also copied European technology, and then came to Japan to copy European and American technology. It can only be said that this is a destined reincarnation......

At present, the threshold of various chip technologies is still not too high, and Intel can also reverse the technology of the Japanese, one is that the cost of reverse deduction is expensive, and the other is that the Japanese spell out the market, and there is another crucial factor, cost and price factors.

At this time, the Japanese are particularly able to endure hardships, obviously the per capita GDP is much higher than that of the United States, but the wages of workers are lower than those of the United States, and they are disciplined, united, serious, and often work overtime, although the Japanese wages are not low, but they still kill the Americans in terms of labor costs, in addition, because people are serious, the scrap rate is low, and the efficiency is high, so the cost of a product is launched, and the cost of the Japanese can be 20% cheaper than that of the Americans. That's how Japan took out American companies.

Reversed, the cost can't be suppressed, it is still equal to zero, and there is no choice but to give up.

Put it here at Qualcomm, it's not a big problem.

In terms of efficiency and scrap rate, the data of the factory in the development zone are still far from catching up with the Japanese.

However, the workers and technicians are all from the mainland, and the efficiency cannot compete with you, but the wages are far lower than those of the Japanese.

Wages in the development zone have risen, and factories have moved to the mainland.

Or European and American companies can also move their factories to China to save costs, as some companies in Li Mo's previous life did, so that Li Mo is still desperate, because in this way, the so-called technological blockade has become a joke.

It can also be said that some companies in Wanwan, such as TSMC, Asus, Acer, Foxconn, and Youxun, if they do not take advantage of this delicate situation, paddling on both sides, coupled with Chinese's labor cost advantage and tax care, they may not be able to grow into giants.

Qualcomm's press conference is related to several products related to memory.

It doesn't matter what the product is, it's mainly the memory technology, basically they are no worse than NEC's product data, and the price is cheaper.

As for patents, Qualcomm did what the Japanese did, and used some plausible technologies to bypass the patent barriers built by Japan's major semiconductors.

At that meeting more than a month ago, Jacobs asked, Lee, what about the R&D costs when the price is set so low?

R&D costs are also one of the most important costs of high-tech products, and they must be allocated to the product when the product is sold.

With this kind of price positioning, Li Mo almost did not consider the cost of research and development.

Li Mo replied, you don't need to consider those costs, the key is to seize the market and weaken the opponent. As for whether I invested a billion or 10 billion dollars in R&D costs, it won't dilute your shares anyway, what are you afraid of?

In fact, Li Mo is not afraid of the Japanese, and it can be said that after the Asian financial crisis, if it were not for China, Japan and South Korea would have stopped a long time ago.

He is still worried about the United States.

Therefore, Qualcomm is also the only company with less than 50% holding in all the companies of Li Mo Future.

But this is not enough......

Jacobs also said the list of R&D units,

did not say Yibao, what Yibao did was only to support some technical personnel, nor did it say TSMC, but said that it was the result of joint research and development between Qualcomm and Pingcheng Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

Many people are inexplicable, Pingcheng Semiconductor, which company?

There is a company, but it only has a registered name, but it doesn't even have an office location.

But in this regard, Qualcomm and TSMC have no objection, Li Mo said very clearly, in the future, the company's share composition, Qualcomm and TSMC each account for 30%, and Gaoneng is the same, no matter how much money Li Mo burns in, their shares will not change.

This Pingcheng Semiconductor Co., Ltd. is the semiconductor company opened by Li Mo in China in the future.

Although there is not even an office, it is indeed in the name of this company that many experts and technicians have been sent to participate in the research and development of various chips.

Why is it called Pingcheng, Pingcheng is Datong of Jin Province, Yunzhou of Yunshuo Sixteen Prefectures in Song Liao, but in ancient times, there was also a thrilling battle here, the siege of Baideng......

By this time, the situation had become clear, the Soviet Union had fallen, China had lost its role as a pawn, and many politicians in the United States had begun to reject China again.

Jacobs and others finally understood Li Mo's good intentions, and of course, they also admired Li Mo's amazing political sense.

Cooperative relationship, you can't just think about other people's honey, and occasionally have to take a few bites of bitter gourd with others. Besides, it's not even a bitter gourd, it's all Li Mo's money that is burned, it's just a little troublesome, and then wait for the money.

This conference did not cause a sensation, now the threshold of chip technology is not as high as it was later, every day some companies rise because they have mastered some key technologies, but every day there are also some companies because of no progress in research and development, and finally fall or be acquired by other companies. For example, the Apollo computer company, which became popular for a few years, has a large number of its own software and hardware technology, including some processor technology, but it was acquired for $476 million in 89.

Even Jacobs, including Jacobs, thought that if Qualcomm did not get a lot of money from Li Mo and continued to burn money on research and development, most of them would fall down, or be in a state of immortality.

However, some companies in the industry have also expressed concern.

But the industry is also very chaotic now, American companies are mainly doing processors, processors are also divided into many types, such as according to the application field, the score is embedded device processors, workstation-oriented processors, server-oriented processors, and supercomputing processors. It can be further subdivided, such as the processor of embedded devices, which can also be divided into many subcategories.

However, in this era of rapid technological change, the competition in the processor industry is more fierce, in addition to Intel, there are dozens of companies large and small such as IBM, DEC, AMD, Motorola, Texas Instruments, HP, etc.

Qualcomm focuses on embedded devices and workstation-oriented processors.

Server sales are limited after all, supercomputing, IBM technology accumulation is too deep, can't fight others, Li Mo doesn't want to make Compaq's mistakes, in addition, supercomputing is easy to arouse the vigilance of the U.S. government, invest in it, the political risk is too great.

Li Mo also bought many patents or patent licenses in processor technology, but the industry is fighting too hard, and one by one is too busy to take care of itself, and some companies can only send people to watch Qualcomm vigilantly, and when TSMC is foundry, it will force TSMC to sign a more demanding contract with them. Anyway, TSMC is definitely not the TSMC of the previous life, and ASUS is not the ASUS of the previous life.

The press conference passed without a trace.

The ranch purchased by Li Mo has attracted a lot of media attention.

Bush Jr. called eagerly: "Lee, you want to invest in farms and ranches, come to Texas, there are Mississippi River, Brasso River, Grande River, Colorado River (the United States has two Colorado Rivers, one is the one jointly owned by the United States and Mexico, and the other is located in Texas, in addition to the Mississippi River in the United States, there are a series of small and medium-sized rivers, and the water resources are still richer than China's). What water resources there are in California, the price is all inflated. ”

In order to run for governor of Texas next year, he decisively sold California.

Li Mo said speechlessly: "Bush, the reason why I bought this ranch is because I plan to write a book, which involves some ranch knowledge, so I went to Nevada to visit it, and then learned to ride a horse, so I thought to myself, by the way, I can buy a ranch, and I have a place to relax in the future, what does it have to do with investment?" My roots are still in California, do I buy a ranch in Texas and go to Texas to relax? ”

"It's not an investment."

"Bush, my two investments this year, your dad is not enough?"

"Are you copying the bottom?"

"Then there is a copy, and it will shout at other people, I am copying the bottom?"

"But real estate is still sluggish."

For example, the real estate in Japan in the past few years, the real estate in the United States after more than ten years, and the real estate in China more than ten years later, are not normal.

But at this trough, it is good for the economy to moderately let real estate heat up. Not only the tax, but the actual tax really not many people care, since at this time if you want to sell real estate, it must be a person or company who is short of money in your hands, and if the transaction is successful, you can ease it with liquidity in your hands. Also, for example, the theater and shop that Li Mo bought, bought in the front, and immediately renovated it in the back, the decoration and renovation require a large number of workers, and also a lot of building materials, and all aspects can gradually revitalize this cold economic era.

Therefore, Sun Tzu said in the Art of War that there is impermanence in the army, and water is impermanent, and Li Mo also said that in different situations, different policies need to be implemented, or some adjustments should be made to the policies.

Moreover, Li Mo is not like the Japanese, who buy high-quality assets or landmarks in the United States at every turn.

At the very least, it hurts the self-esteem of Americans.

With the same industrial investment, Li Mo is too elegant.

Li Mo said: "If you want to attract investment, you must have matching policies, look at my investment, I should have feelings for you in the United States, even I am guarded against." I understand, it's not to defend against me, it's to defend against China, but I don't understand it, you understand China, with China like this, what is there to guard against. By the way, how are the two J-8 fighters studied? ”

This is the famous "Pearl of Peace" plan in the history of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States.

In response to the pressure of the Soviet Union in the north, China developed the J-8II all-weather supersonic fighter, which basically reached the level of foreign second-generation aircraft. However, because of the backwardness of domestic missile and radar technology, this fighter is facing an embarrassing situation of having guns and no bullets.

After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the United States took the initiative to help China improve the J-8II for a fee, not only the radar, but also the seat display system, the 1553 bus system (also known as the 1553B standard), the new fire control computer, the LN-39 inertial navigation system, the power supply system, the power output system, the cooling system, if successful, the J-8II can not only reach the second-generation aircraft, but even reach the level of the second-generation half-generation.

The results are known.

But the result is not what everyone thinks.

As a matter of fact, after the end of that incident, some politicians headed by Bush Sr. took the initiative to ease Sino-US relations. Cooperation between the two sides was resumed only three months later, after a break. However, due to the obstruction of some right-wing politicians, the US imperialists claimed a few months later that the project had encountered technical problems, the total cost would need to rise by 35 to 40 percent, and the Chinese side would have to pay an additional $200 million. Therefore, the Chinese side took the initiative to terminate this cooperation.

The worry is that China has spent $200 million and nearly five years in the "Peace Pearl" program, but it has not fulfilled the development goals in the original plan, and has allowed the United States to find out the true strength of China's space industry.

At first, Sino-US relations were in the honeymoon stage, and Grumman really wanted to do this business, so 25 Chinese experts participated in the project, and there is no doubt that these experts not only learned some technology, but also broadened their horizons and realized the gap between the two technologies.

Vision is very important at this time, and some old people still think that China's industry is good and can defeat US imperialism at any time.

Even after the cooperation was interrupted, Grumman continued to improve the J-8 in 91.

On March 1, 1993, the United States returned two J-8II fighters and four sets of airborne equipment to China, including APG-66 radar, head-up display, downward display, 1553B data bus, air data computer, steering stick, etc.

For the Celestial Empire, which has never been able to make a breakthrough in PD radar back then, everyone knows what this means.

In the cooperation between China and the United States (Shen Fei's 82 project and Cheng Fei's Sabre 2 project), the Chinese side opened their eyes and completely jumped out of the Soviet design concept and learned how to use the most scientific and advanced methods in the world to design the most modern aircraft, which cannot be exchanged for any amount of money; It can be said that without the Sino-US cooperation in those years, there would not have been the later J-20 and J-31, so the Israelis later said with great grievances: "We just sold some weapons to China, and you (the United States) taught China how to design these weapons......"

But because of Li Mo, many things have changed.

Several major public television stations reported the incident fairly.

Li Mo passed on a sentence to the above through Secretary Wen again, at least the public practice was not as intense as in his previous life.

To a certain extent, Sino-US relations, as well as politicians such as George H.W. Bush, have more room to turn back.

The sluggish economy of the United States, the pressure exerted by many arms dealers, not only the J-8, but also a series of other orders, taken together, is not a small amount, and it is inferior technology, what are you afraid of? …… The U.S. Congress is deliberating, no, it's arguing. The public says the reason, and the mother-in-law says the mother-in-law.

Even George W. Bush didn't know much about this, and he sneered: "Li, what technology can you China have for us to study in the United States?" ”

From this year onwards, the United States is ready to start developing the fifth-generation fighter F-22, and the B-2 stealth bomber is almost developed.

Li Mo also knew.

It is important and important, at least the J-8 has been in service for a long time, but these data have been mastered by the US imperialists, which undoubtedly makes the military worry about Zhongzhong.

It is not important to say that it is not important, because Li Mo knows that the relationship between the two countries will be good and bad in the future, but there will be no direct military conflict, and it may be in the future, but at that time, maybe the J-10 and J-11 will be eliminated from the ranks of the Chinese Air Force.

Li Mo also knew one thing: In the 80s, China exported a batch of Jian-7 to the United States, not because the Jian-7 was more advanced, but because it was very similar to the Soviet Union's technology, and it was a target aircraft that could be simulated for training in the US Air Force.

But isn't it talking nonsense, anyway, Bush Jr. is not even a governor now, and Li Mo said: "Since you know that China is so backward, what else is there to guard, I don't understand it anymore." ”