() Regarding the person who recently wrote about Hu Ying, some book friends who are familiar with history keep asking me whether Hu Ying was ordered to find Emperor Jianwen back then, did he find Emperor Jianwen? “

Regarding this question, Xiaojing didn't want to talk about it because it was not what he wanted to write about in this article, but he couldn't help but consult some information, and here are a few words.

Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunwen was the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his father Zhu Biao was the eldest son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty. According to the feudal etiquette tradition, Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Yunwen the emperor's grandson, and when Zhu Yuanzhang died, he was twenty-one years old. After succeeding to the throne, "Hongwu" was changed to "Jianwen", and was known as "Emperor Jianwen" in history. But after only four years of reign, he was overthrown by his fourth uncle, Yan Wang Zhu Di, by force, and the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen after stepping down have become a mystery for the ages, and there are different opinions. Mainly: ** said.

According to the records of the "Actual Record" and the "Ming History Manuscript" during the Yongle period, after Emperor Jianwen succeeded to the throne, he used Qi Tai, the secretary of the military department, and Huang Zicheng, the great Changqing, to plot and cut the domain. Zhu Di, who was leading the troops outside and was the king of Yan, immediately raised troops to the south under the banner of the Qing monarch's side and launched the "Battle of Jingyan".

In less than four years, the king of Yan crossed the Yangtze River with his army, and the troops came to the city of Nanjing, and Emperor Jianwen did not allow peace, so he had to defend it, but his commander Li Jinglong opened the Jinchuan gate to welcome the army of King Yan into the city, and the civil and military forces of the Manchu Dynasty surrendered one after another. Emperor Jianwen saw that the general trend had gone, and had to order the burning of the palace, and suddenly the fire was blazing, and Emperor Jianwen and the queen Ma jumped into the fire**, concubines and attendants, etc., most of them also died with the fire. After Zhu Di, the king of Yan, entered the palace, he searched the palace for three days to search for the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen. The palace attendants all said that Emperor Jianwen had **, and took out a charred corpse from the fire to prove it. When King Yan saw the corpse, he couldn't tell the difference between men and women, and he was miserable. After he succeeded to the throne as emperor, he had to "bury Emperor Jianwen" by the Son of Heaven. "History of the Ming DynastyâChengzu Benji" and "History of the Ming Dynasty•Biography of Fang Xiaoru" both hold this view.

The second saying: cutting hair for monks said, this saying is very widespread in the Ming world.

According to the Qing Dynasty celebrity Lu Anshi and his close friend Cai Dongfan, they believed that after the Yan army broke the city, Emperor Jianwen had no choice but to die.

At this moment, the young eunuch Wang Yue told him: When your grandfather was dying, he left you an iron box and asked me to hand it over to you when you were in great trouble. I've kept it secret in the Bonseonjeon Hall. “

The ministers hurriedly brought the box and opened it to see that there were three degrees inside, which were the identity cards of the monks, and the names of Emperor Jianwen and the other three people were written on them. There are also three monk's robes, a razor, ten platinum ingots, and a suicide note, which states: "Emperor Jianwen went out of the ghost gate, and the others walked from the Shuiguan Yugou, and gathered in the west room of Shen Optimism in the evening." ”

According to this, the three of Emperor Jianwen shaved their heads, changed into hateful clothes, and only brought nine people to the ghost gate.

The ghost gate is inside the Taiping Gate, which is a small low gate in the inner city. Only one person is allowed to enter and exit, the outer waterway, Emperor Jianwen bent his body out of the ghost gate, and the other eight people followed out of the ghost gate, he saw a small boat parked on the waterway, there was a monk standing on the boat, the monk beckoned them to get on the boat, and kowtowed to Emperor Jianwen and said long live, Emperor Jianwen asked him how he knew that I was in trouble, and the monk replied: "My name is Wang Sheng, I am the abbot of God's optimism, I dreamed of your grandfather Zhu Yuanzhang last night, he was a monk, asked me to wait here, and take you into the temple as a monk." At this point, Emperor Jianwen seemed to have cut his hair and become a monk and inherited the ancestral business.

Zhu Di, who was enthroned as the emperor, was also very worried about whether Emperor Jianwen died and became the emperor, and someone told him that Emperor Jianwen cut his hair and fled as a monk, and the main monk Puqia knew where Emperor Jianwen wen. Ming Chengzu then found an excuse to imprison Pu Qia, locked him in prison for fifteen years, and forced him to confess the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen, but Pu Qia said it, and Zhu Di was not good at killing him, but he was extremely uneasy about Emperor Jianwen in his heart, and sent Zheng He to the West to "find traces", and sent Hu Hu to travel all over the county, township, and yi for 16 years, searching for the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen, so that Hu Ying opened the legend of Emperor Jianwen he was looking for.

According to the Chongzhen version of "Xuefeng Mountain Temple": "(Yongle) seventeen years, the Ministry of Rites Shangshu Hu Hu sent Fujian and Guangdong, climbed the mountain Range Rover, and set up a monument to remember its events (referring to the deeds of the 67th generation of the temple's abbot Jie'an Zen Master Zhongxing Xuefeng Temple). "Xuefeng Mountain Temple" contains the full text of the inscription written by Hu Ying.

"History of the Ming Dynasty•The Biography of Hu Hui" contains: "Emperor Hui's collapse in the fire, or the words escaped, the old ministers followed many people, and the emperor (referring to Chengzu) doubted it. (Yongle) five years to send the imperial books, and visit the immortal Zhang sloppy, all over the world's prefectures, counties and towns, hidden Jianwen Emperor An, so the longest outside".

Ming Chengzu attached great importance to Hu Hui's investigation of Emperor Jianwen, and Hu Hu was away for nearly ten years, constantly reporting what he saw, heard and observed. In the fourteenth year of Yongle, he returned to the dynasty at the end of the visit, and asked for his mother's funeral, but Emperor Yongle still did not allow Hu Weihu's mother to "worry about Ding".

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In the seventeenth year of Yongle, Hu Hu was once again ordered to patrol Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Hunan. In the twenty-first year of Yongle, Hu hurried back to Beijing, and it happened that Chengzu was stationed in Xuanfu on the northern expedition. When Hu arrived at Xuanfu, Chengzu had already rested, and when he heard that Hu Hu came back, he immediately met him, and the two kept talking about the fourth watch. (For the above information, see Wang Xi's book "Emperor Jianwen•Emperor Yongle").

Seeing this, you may ask, did Hu Hu find Emperor Jianwen in the end?

In this regard, Xiao Jing consulted the "History of the Ming Dynasty•The Biography of Yao Guangxiao" and "The Biography of Hu Hui", which recorded: In the twenty-first year of returning to the dynasty, the emperor was in Xuanfu. The emperor had gone to bed, and when he heard it, he hurriedly summoned him. I learned that what I heard was right, and the four drums were leaked. Before Xianhui arrived, it was rumored that Emperor Jianwen went to the sea, and the emperor sent his ministers Zheng He to float to the sea to the Western Ocean, so he was suspicious. “

The record here does not clearly say that Hu Hu found Emperor Jianwen, but the statement in the "Ming History Chronicles" is found, and "Hu Hui" is right about what he heard, and the four drums are missing...... As for the beginning of doubts, "it shows that he told Zhu Di everything he knew, and he kept talking about the fourth watch, and the emperor's doubts to the present can finally be put down. It shows that the emperor finally knows the whereabouts of Emperor Jianwen, otherwise he would not have been able to talk so late.

"The End of the History of the Ming Dynasty" is a book written by Gu Yingtai in the Qing Dynasty, this book is Gu Yingtai's recruitment of celebrities, through Zhang Dai's "Shikui Collection" and Tan Qian's "Guoyi", and widely learned, to the end of the fifteenth year of the book. Because the book was written before the "Manuscript of the History of the Ming Dynasty", and it was a private work, it was quite valued by people at that time. The book imitates the example of the "Tongjian Chronicle", compiles the deeds of the Ming Dynasty, and has eighty volumes, each volume is a single eye. The chronicle began in the twelfth year of Yuan Zhizheng (Zhu Yuanzhang raised troops, and until the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen, Li Zicheng's peasant army invaded Beijing, and Zhu Youzhen committed suicide. Eighty of these historical events or topics are selected and arranged in chronological order, and the beginning and end are consistent, concise and concise, although they are not comprehensive enough, but because the book was written earlier and compiled by integrating a variety of historical materials of the Ming Dynasty, it has a certain historical value, so the credibility is relatively high.

There is also the section of "Emperor Jianwen" in volume 30 of the "Yunnan Tongzhi" (which came out earlier than the 48th year of the "History of the Ming Dynasty") compiled by Fan Chengxun, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, in the 33rd year of Kangxi, according to the historical materials mastered at that time, a more detailed description was made: "Taizong (according to: that is, Zhu Di) was summoned into the palace at night to ask about the situation, (Hu) Hui said: 'A certain (according to: referring to Emperor Jianwen) is fixed, but the people of the Heavenly Mandate have been gone for a long time, and there is nothing to do. It is better to ignore it, and achieve sanctity in His Majesty, and obtain it for the rest of his life. Taizong shook his head, and then dismissed the messengers of the four outs. ”

In this way, there are two outcomes here, the first is to either get the news that Jianwen is indeed dead.

The second is that Jianwen himself said that he would no longer compete for the throne. In short, Hu Ying should have seen Emperor Jianwen.

Speaking of which, I believe everyone understands it, that is, Emperor Jianwen did not die, he was found by Hu Ying, and brought back the result that Zhu Di wanted. ”

Maybe the book friends think it's their own guess when they say this to Xiaojing, but let's take a look at a local record.

According to the "Jiangning County Chronicle", it is written: "The tomb of Zheng He, the eunuch of the Three Treasures, is at the west foot of Niushou Mountain. Yongle ordered to go to the West, there are miraculous feats, the secret knows the traces of Jianwen, and the Hui Dynasty is not heard, and the history says that it has a hidden cloud. ”

In the spring and March of the eighth year of the Ming History Chronicle (Yongle), Emperor Jianwen returned to the (White Dragon) Nunnery. Yan Zhen, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, made Annam (now northern Vietnam) secretly visit the emperor, and suddenly met the emperor in Yunnan Province and wept opposite each other. The emperor said, 'Why should you deal with me?' He said: "The ministers have their own place." 'Hang in the post pavilion at night. ”

There is a record in volume 17 of the "Ming History Chronicle": In the second year of Yongle, in the spring and August, Zhu Yunwen went to Wujiang (adjacent to Wu County, also belonging to Suzhou Prefecture) Shi Zhongbin's house, Shi Liuzhu lived temporarily for several months, Zhu said: "He (according to: referring to Zhu Di) is anxious to try me", "This is close to the palace, it is inconvenient", and he left after three days.

Zheng Xiao's "Jinyan" during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there is an account in the book "One Hundred and Sixty-six": "At the beginning of the first year of orthodoxy, Emperor Jianwen went out of southern Yunnan to Guangxi, and called the monk one day, saying 'I am Emperor Jianwen'." The monks of the temple were afraid, the white official mansion, welcomed to the feudal hall, sat on the ground in the south, and called himself Zhu Yunwen. He said, 'Hu Huiming's visit to Zhang is sloppy, for me.' 'The people heard it terrified, heard it in the court, and the Beijing master who passed it on, all saw it with the king's courtesy. Than to, into the big inside, to the end of life, buried in the West Mountain, not sealed or tree.

"Ming Shilu•Shenzong Shilu" contains a dialogue between Mingshenzong Zhu Yijun and university scholar Zhang Juzheng in October of the second year of Wanli: "Shangyu Wenhua Hall lectured, calmly with the auxiliary ministers and Jianwen Emperor Shi, because he asked: 'Wen Jianwen tried to escape, is it true?' Zhang Juzheng said: The history of the country does not contain this matter, but the old people of the first dynasty passed down the legend that Emperor Jianwen entered the city when Jing was a difficult teacher, that is, he cut his hair and wore a tie, walked out of the road, and then traveled all over the world, and people were ignorant. Orthodox to Yunnan, once inscribed a poem on the wall, there is a sentence of 'wandering in the rivers and lakes for forty autumns'. There is a royal history to see the poem suspicious, summoned and asked, the old monk sat on the ground and did not pamper, said, 'I want to return to the homeland', only to know that it is Jianwen also. The imperial history was heard, and then summoned to Beijing, entered the palace to test it, and it was good, when he was seventy or eighty years old, and he did not know what to do. On the fate of Ju is reciting the whole chapter of his poem, sighing with emotion, and following the order to write into the reading. Find and issue an edict to restore the year of the text. ”

These records show that Emperor Jianwen was not dead, and was found by Hu Ying.