Zhu Zhanji nodded, the Ming Dynasty inherited the hereditary system of craftsmen in the Yuan Dynasty, and all craftsmen in the country were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, the Internal Officials and the Governor's Office of the Five Armies, and were called craftsmen and military craftsmen. Military craftsmen are engaged in the production of ordnance, and all qiē activities are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the military system. Craftsmen, on the other hand, are divided into three categories: shifts, sitting, and retaining according to the different forms of service.

Shift craftsmen, conscripted for service at the appointed time. In the eleventh year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated that all craftsmen in Beijing who went to Beijing would be given monthly salaries, salt and vegetables, and those who took leave of absence would be stopped, and the craftsmen would operate freely. However, the craftsmen who were conscripted into the military for a long distance raised their own travel expenses and ran for the road, running out of money, and suffering a lot, causing a large number of craftsmen to flee.

In the nineteenth year of Hongwu, Qin Kui, a waiter of the Ministry of Industry, proposed a method for the service of craftsmen: according to the distance of the distance, the shift was compiled, the book was registered, and the contract document was issued. Artisan households shall report to the Ministry of Industry at the specified time and serve in the designated area, and the craftsmen shall be exempted from other errands to compensate for their duties. Zhu Yuanzhang adopted this idea and set it as a system, called shifts. Craftsmen who serve according to the shift regulations are called class craftsmen.

Zhu Yuanzhang is a careful person, everything needs a charter system, for example, he stipulated that eunuchs are not allowed to interfere in politics, and in the Hongwu Dynasty, eunuchs never dare to discuss government affairs, and for example, he stipulated that the harem is not allowed to interfere in politics, and there was no harem in the Ming Dynasty for 276 years. In the nineteenth year of Hongwu, he set the rules for craftsmen to serve, according to the provisions of the shift system, the government has a considerable number of craftsmen can be recruited, enough to meet the labor needs of the government-run handicraft workshops. At the same time, the classwright served once every three years, once for three months, and served for an average of one month per year. The rest of the time can be mastered by oneself and engaged in production activities in different technical industries. It can be said that this regulation is a great improvement compared to the strict restrictions on craftsmen in the craftsman system of the Yuan Dynasty.

However, the time of shift service is strict, and the class craftsman does not dare to miss the deadline. Some classwrights go to work on time, and often have nothing to do. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang once again broke the rigid rule of one class every three years, and adjusted the service shifts of all craftsmen according to the complexity of the official service, which was roughly divided into five categories, such as one class a year to one class every five years (Jingtai was changed to a four-year class in five years). It has received the good effect of no waste day for service craftsmen and no waste for craftsmen to rest at home. After Yongle, this provision has remained unchanged.

In addition, there are two categories: preservation and dwelling. The surviving craftsmen were craftsmen who worked in the local area due to special needs, and were directly managed by local officials, and did not have to serve in the Kyoto Division. The living craftsmen are all farmers with certain technology recruited and transferred by the people, and the service time is 10 days a month, and there is a clear production quota. As a result, the craftsmen who lived in the work worked longer and worked more heavily than the craftsmen in shifts, but, in general, the treatment of craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty was higher than that of the Yuan Dynasty, and the situation improved.

Zhu Zhanji and the three wanted to dye it, but they didn't expect that the grandfather and grandson in front of them were shift craftsmen, and their faces suddenly showed joy.

"Old man, do you want to-?" Zhu Zhanji asked tentatively, after all, the King of Han did this, to put it bluntly, in order to set up obstacles for himself, if there was no guide, he believed that the King of Han would never let go of any suspicious person.

The old man smiled and said: "The rules of the imperial court are once a year, the old man has already served in the capital a few years ago, and he doesn't need to go to the capital for a while.

Xu Mian listened to him keep saying that the grandfather and grandson, he thought it was two, and was hesitating who he and Wang Zhen left behind, but at this time, when he saw that it was three, he was immediately overjoyed, took it with both hands, bowed down and thanked: "Thank you, old man, today's kindness, he will repay it every day!"

The old man waved his hand and said: "It's just a few road guides, and if you don't talk about repaying or not repaying, if it weren't for the three of you, the old man wouldn't know how to be bullied by those guards, and the old man should thank you?" After the old man finished speaking, he didn't say anything more, and pulled the child to turn around and leave.

Zhu Zhanji saw that the old man's clothes were torn, obviously life was not easy, it was rare to have such a heart, he couldn't help but be a little moved, and lost a look at Xu Mian.

Xu Mian understood, stretched out his hand into his arms, then got up and followed, and said loudly: "Old man, will you wait?"

The old man had already stepped out of the store with his front feet, and when he heard the words, he took it back and said, "Is there anything else to do?"

Xu Mian stepped forward and hugged his fist at the old man and said, "The old man is affectionate, my son-in-law remembers it in his heart, and this is for you!" After speaking, he pushed the silver in his hand out.

The old man seemed a little surprised, he gave the way guide not to ask for anything in return, but to see Zhu Zhanji frowned, after hearing about the situation of the city gate of Le'an Prefecture, his face was anxious, as if he was anxious, thinking that he was not in a hurry to return to the capital, and after some time, the king of Han canceled the search of the city gate, and it was not too late for him to take his grandson all the way back to the capital.

Seeing that the old man was slightly stunned, Xu Mian offered the silver in his hand with both hands and said, "Old man, this is a little bit of my son's heart, please accept it!"

Just when the old man was stunned, Xu Mian had already pulled his right hand and stuffed the silver in his hand into his hand.

The silver was extremely heavy, the old man's wrist shook slightly, looked down, and suddenly became uneasy: "Judging from the weight and composition of the silver, it is fifty taels to say the least, which is enough to top the craftsman he has worked for two years!"

"This is unacceptable, unbelievable?" the old man was slightly stunned, and immediately pushed the silver back, shaking his head.

Xu Mian was about to answer, when he suddenly heard Zhu Zhanji say: "Old man, you are an old man with a child, and it is not easy to live in Shandong, you can accept this silver, otherwise we will not have a good time?"

The old man said: "This is not good, this is not good, you have just helped the old man, if the old man asks for this silver again, then what kind of person has the old man become, although we are art-sellers, but how much backbone do we have? This silver can never be collected?"

Zhu Zhanji saw the old man's face, and knew that he would never have this silver, and was thinking about how to use to make the poor grandfather and grandson accept the fifty taels of silver, when his eyes inadvertently fell on the huqin he was holding in his arms, and his heart moved, and said: "Old man, you can sing us a little song, and then accept this silver?"

The old man was about to excuse himself, but he saw Xu Mian step forward and stuffed the silver taels into his arms, and patted him gently, and said: "Old man, it's rare for my son-in-law to have a heart, you accept it, you don't think about yourself, you should also think about your grandson, now it is rainy in Shandong, I'm afraid that it will be a few days, every family will buy food with spare money in their hands, and there are not many people who come here to eat meat and drink wine, and there are still people who have spare money to listen to small songs, what should you do when the time comes? This child is growing his body and bones, can't he be hungry?"

The old man was still a little hesitant, Xu Mian patted him and said, "Don't hesitate, take it?"

The old man saw that the other party was so sincere, and if he didn't accept it, he looked a little tall, and hurriedly bowed down and said, "Thank you for being extremely son-in-law?"

Zhu Zhanji waved his hand and said, "Do you want to say thank you, or should we thank the old man?"

The old man's face was a little blushing, and he said, "Did the son say that he was laughing?" After speaking, he pulled the child and said, "Come, child, sing a little song to the three sons?"

The child responded very obediently, stepped forward, and heard the old man's fingers flick, and with a bang, the child sang loudly: "Wang Ding's national anthem is called Rounu, surnamed Yuwen, with beautiful eyebrows and beautiful eyes, good at coping, and living in Beijing. Dingguo moved to the south, and Yu asked Rou: Should the terroir of Guangnan be bad? Rou said: This place of peace is my hometown. Because of the word cloud.

often envy the world's jade lang,

Tianying begged with a little crispy girl.

Self-made songs to spread the teeth,

The wind rises,

The snow flies and the sea becomes cool.

The return of thousands of miles is less and less,

smile

When laughing, it is still fragrant with Lingmei.

Should Lingnan be bad?

But he said:

This place of peace is my hometown.

The child's voice is graceful and moving, and the tune is smooth and crisp, which makes people feel like the wind and snow flying, making the hot land turn into a cool town, and making the frustrated master on the political zhì become melancholy, depressed, impetuous and restless, and detached, quiet and serene.

This poem "Dingfeng Bo•Chang Xian Yu Lang in the World" was a poem written by the great poet Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty, his friend Wang Gong was implicated in Su Shi's "Wutai Poetry Case" and was relegated to Pennsylvania, Guangxi, a remote place in Lingnan. Wang Gong poured ink and recited poems in Pennsylvania, visited the ancient times and asked, while Rou Nu sang and accompanied him, gently comforting and helping him to work hard.

Later, Wang Gong was ordered to return to the north, and Su Shi was invited to a banquet on the way. Su Shi found that although he suffered this catastrophe, Wang Gong not only did not have a hasty appearance, but also felt that he was better than he was back then, and his temperament was more open-minded, and he couldn't help but wonder: How could "Dingguo sit on the slope of Pennsylvania and accumulate in Pennsylvania, and his face was like red jade in the miasma cave for five years"? In the face of adversity, Wang Gong's spirit did not fall, his skills made great progress, and his writings were endless. ”

Su Shi was very curious about his friend, who could work hard in adversity, and under some inquiry, Wang Gong just smiled and casually called out the maid Rou Nu to sing for Su Shi. The slender slave held the pipa in his hand, slowly opened his lips, and sang lightly. Su Dongpo had also seen the talents of Rou Nu before, but now he felt that her singing voice was becoming sweeter and her complexion was becoming more and more ruddy, and it seemed that the water and soil in Pennsylvania were really nurturing! Wang Gong told Su Shi that in the past few years, thanks to Rou Nu, he has spent lonely and arduous years in Pennzhou, a remote area in southern Xinjiang. Su Shi asked Rou Nu tentatively: "Should Lingnan be bad?" Rou Nu replied casually: "This place of peace is my hometown." I didn't expect such a weak woman to blurt out such open-minded words, Su Dongpo was greatly appreciated, and immediately filled in this poem.

The style of the word is soft and rigid, emotional, ethereal and clear, delicate and gentle, it is rare to be open-minded in the lyrics of the song, it is obvious that he is a troubled and somewhat old man who sees through the feelings of the world, it is said that such a love xù, a child can not be experienced, the child is only thirteen or fourteen years old, but he sings so movingly, and sings the open-mindedness of the woman in the face of the predicament in the words to the fullest, as if the person standing in front of him singing is not a child, or the maid is a slave.

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The first one is sent!