On the second day, the wind and the sun were beautiful, and after breakfast, the idle people began to run to the depths of the flowers again. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

Fu Shan took a sip of warm tea in the Fengye Pavilion and began to explain another class.

Today he is talking about how to find reason.

As a branch of Confucianism, Cheng Zhu Lixue and Cheng Lu Xinxue have differences mainly reflected in five aspects, the first is the composition of the universe, and Lixue believes that the original principle of the world is the external reason, that is, the mind.

Xinxue believes that in the rain is my heart, the heart is reason, there is nothing outside the heart, and there is no reason outside the heart.

Those who study philosophy can distinguish one between materialism and idealism.

The second aspect is epistemology, in which science advocates the study of all things, while psychology believes that people are born with a conscience, and the principles of heaven are in their hearts.

The third is methodology, science pays attention to external work, and advocates "learning from things." ”

Mind science focuses on the inner work in the heart.

Fourth, the procedures are different, and science advocates that the experience of "reason" should be deepened on the basis of contact with everything in the world and then on the basis of experiencing various knowledge.

The study of mind advocates discovering the heart first, and then exposing it.

Fifth, in the difference in role and influence, science requires that personal cultivation should be based on reverence for heavenly principles. When selfish desires conflict with heavenly principles, we must preserve heavenly principles and eliminate human desires.

The study of mind focuses on the active role of the individual and has a certain degree of emancipation of the mind.

Of course, these five points are summarized by Lin Xiaojue by comparing the two theories, Fu Shan attaches great importance to his own doctrines, so he will not compare his own doctrines with other doctrines.

He talked eloquently in class, and when he said that "reason is in our hearts, and we are born with the ...... to judge right and wrong", a voice behind the two rows of seats suddenly interrupted him: "Sir." According to Mr. Fang Cai, there are two things that students do not know: first, if it is not only in the heart, then one thing is right or wrong, and people's thoughts are not the same, so what is the standard? Second, if we are born with judgments, can we all be promoted to the court to ask questions?

These two issues are very reversed.

Let the people who hear it stunned.

Fu Shan looked at the person who asked the question a little blankly.

Lin Xiaojue also turned around, she said that it was not because of this tricky question that she turned her head, but that she had realized that she could not interrupt when Mr. was lecturing, and she would leave time for everyone to ask questions after the lecture.

This is done to ensure that the thinking of the lecturer is not disturbed, and that anyone may make mistakes in speech when lecturing on such a thing, so as not to let some people chew on the words and do not give up.

But she found that he violated both of these people's bottom lines.

Bai Ziqi stood up at this time and said, "I have stated in advance that Mr. cannot interrupt in the middle of the lecture, and anyone who has any questions can ask later." ”

The man was wearing a light blue shirt and bowed to Bai Ziqi: "It's abrupt, but since Mr. has so much knowledge, he shouldn't be afraid of being interrupted, right?" ”

Bai Ziqi's gaze swept towards Lin Xiaojue behind him.

Lin Xiaojue shook his head at him.

At this time, the tight crowd all looked at Fu Shan, Lin Xiaojue was thinking about something else, this person saw that the person who came was not good, and he should have been driven out, otherwise he was afraid that he was just throwing stones to ask for directions, but there were too many people, and the position where this person was standing was conspicuous, and everyone would say that Fu Shan couldn't answer the question and was stingy.

Then it can only be seen whether Fu Shan has this eloquence.

I saw Fu Shan smile slightly, and said loudly: "Each heart judges right and wrong to a different extent, but there must be a standard, that is, our conscience, let me give an example, a person kills because he was bullied by another person, is he guilty?" Of course, the criterion is guilt, our conscience tells us that we can't take the life of others at will, but some people feel that he is excusable, because it is another person who bullied him, but it is excusable because we have a conscience, and we hate bullies, but in the end we should all say, don't dare to do anything, should not kill people, because he has done many evils, and has his own law to punish him, isn't that what it is?"

The crowd listened and praised it.

The man was stunned, but he was not discouraged, and said, "What about the second question?" ”

Obviously, Fu Shan's learning makes sense, and coming to him is justifying himself.

Fu Shan was not angry, and said: "If you observe carefully, you will find that children like very new and lively things, these things are often positive, they will cry when they see their relatives crying, and they will feel terrible and sad when they see someone injured. ”

Because the previous person said that he justified himself, if he had to argue with this person about who was right and who was wrong, it would inevitably be true, and no one would think about it, and he would directly admit his mistake.

And his previous statement was not unreasonable.

This makes people feel that he is not only very knowledgeable, but also very powerful, and how can any gentleman say that he is wrong? If he is wrong, it is also the fault of the student.

The crowd was in an uproar, with approval.

The person who asked the question turned blue and white for a while when he heard this, obviously he didn't expect Fu Shan to admit his mistake.

Lin Xiaojue gave Bai Ziqi a look.

Bai Ziqi immediately said in a loud voice: "Silence." When everyone gradually calmed down, he said, "If there is anyone who interrupts Mr.'s lecture in the future, please go out immediately, so I won't take it as an example." ”

However, if you don't find a language loophole in the other party's lecture, it will be difficult to refute the other party later, just like a war, you have to cover up your unpreparedness by surprise, so that the other party can be caught with your hands tied.

Behind the Confucian student, there were Lord Xue and Xu Wenxin, who listened to Bai Ziqi's words and looked at each other, their eyes were a little obscure.

After a commotion, Fu Shan began to lecture again.

Since he already doubted that there was no fixed standard for the mind, he began to talk about this standard: " Obviously, this standard is conscience, the heart of sinister intentions is not reason, it is desire, a person wants to take other people's things as their own is not reasonable, greedy heart is not reason, some people want to wear expensive clothes in the ready-to-wear shop today, buy another one tomorrow, and want to buy it the day after tomorrow, the desire can never be satisfied, and in the end he did not get reason, he got a bunch of clothes, but there is only one other, only one at a time, when these desires bother us, it is difficult for us to obtain the truth, so we have to control our hearts, not to be interested in those things, but this is difficult, but if we have a conscience, we don't look for those reasons outside, just tell yourself that this is done to save, because there are still many people who are not well fed and clothed, and this matter is easy, this is the heart and ......"

Xu Wenxin whispered to Master Chen: "Obviously, he is saving heavenly principles and removing human desires, so he secretly changed his concept." The words were very gnashing, as if it was something unbearable.

Lord Xue thought for a moment and said something to the person on his left.

The man nodded and immediately raised his hand: "Sir, may I ask your heart, is it Cheng Zhu Lixue?"

Bai Ziqi had already said that he couldn't interrupt Fu Shan's lecture, Lin Xiaojue and the others looked back, and the people behind them also tiptoed to know who must knowingly commit the offense.

Bai Ziqi was stunned at first sight, because this person was his friend Yang Zewen.

Bai Ziqi stood up and said, "I said before that you can't interrupt Mr.'s lecture, if you violate it, please go out immediately." ”

Yang Zewen was already very dissatisfied because Bai Ziqi did not arrange a seat for him, and now he was unceremoniously accused by the other party, and his face was flushed with anger.

Said: "It's not that I want to break the rules, it's that we will listen to the science, the science is naturally Cheng Zhu science, and Mr. Fu is talking about a little shadow of Mr. Zhu Xi? ”

Because Zhu Xi is an official scholar.

Lu Jiuyuan's mind is indeed no longer learned, and it is not recognized, Fu Shan listened to Yang Zewen's words, and there was a moment of dazedness and loss in his eyes.

Of course, his students were too far away from him for anyone to see.

Bai Ziqi said: "Mr. said that the heart is reasonable, who said that science must be Cheng Zhu science? As long as it is reasonable, it is all science." ”

Yang Zewen sneered: "Who doesn't know that science is Cheng Zhu science? Why do you bother to use strong words?" said and looked at everyone: "Everyone said yes?"

Some people nodded, some people were ignorant.

But no one is saying it isn't.

The corners of Yang Zewen's mouth welled up with pride.