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Liu Xiang (c. 77 BC - 6 BC) was formerly known as Liu Gengsheng, Zizheng, a scholar, bibliographer, and writer in the late Western Han Dynasty. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info Pei County (now Jiangsu) people. The fourth grandson of Liu Jiao, King of Chu Yuan. When Emperor Xuan, he was a doctor. When Emperor Yuan, Ren Zongzheng. In order to oppose the eunuchs Honggong and Shi Xian to prison, he was released. Later, he was imprisoned for opposing Gong and Xian, so as not to be a concubine. After Emperor Cheng ascended the throne, he had to be used, appointed as a doctor of Guanglu, renamed "Xiang", and the official was promoted to the lieutenant of the middle base. He was ordered to lead the secretary of the school, and wrote the "Separate Record", which is the earliest public catalogue of books in China. "The Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period". He is the author of "Nine Sighs" and other 33 essays, most of which are dead. Today, there are books such as "New Preface", "Shuo Yuan", "Biography of the Daughters", and "Five Classics and General Meanings" have a compilation of Ma Guohan of the Qing Dynasty. The original collection has been lost, and the Ming people compiled it as "Liu Zhonglei Collection".

Liu Xiang went through the three dynasties of Emperor Xuan, Emperor Yuan, and Emperor Cheng, and successively served as a doctor of loose horses, Zongzheng of loose horses, and doctor of Guanglu. He has repeatedly written to impeach the eunuchs and relatives for their dictatorship. When Emperor Cheng was ordered to write for nearly 20 years, the unfinished work was continued by his son Liu Xin. The official ended as the lieutenant of the middle base, so he was also known as Liu Zhongbase. The ancient books of Liu Xiangdian's school mainly include the classics, the princes and the poems. When he was in school, he also wrote "Don't Record". Subsequently, Liu Xin wrote the Seven Strategies based on the Beilu, which is the earliest bibliography work in China. The original book is no longer available. Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty became the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle" because of the "Seven Strategies", from which we can see the outline of the "Seven Strategies". According to the "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicle", Liu Xiang has 33 resignations, and only one "Nine Sighs" remains, which can be found in "Chu Ci". Liu Xiang's prose is mainly the "narrative" of the ancient books of Song Shu and Xiaoyun, and the more famous ones are "Counseling Changling Shu" and "Narrative of Warring States Policy". Liu Xiang's prose narrative is simple, and his main characteristics are smooth reasoning, soothing and easy. In addition, he also compiled three collections of historical stories, "New Preface", "Shuo Yuan", and "The Biography of Gu Lienu", which were the forerunners of Wei and Jin novels. Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled "Liu Zhonglei Collection", which was included in the "Collection of One Hundred and Three Families of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties".

"New Preface" is Liu Xiang collection of Shun Yu to the Han Dynasty historical facts, classified into a book, the original book 30 volumes, now 10 volumes, edited by the Northern Song Dynasty Zeng Gong, recorded that it is said that Song Yu asked the king of Chu, listed the popular songs of Chu "Xia Riba People", "Yang A", "Pickle Dew", etc., said that "the country belongs to the peace of thousands of people". 2. "Shuo Yuan" edits some historical stories and legends from the pre-Qin period to the Western Han Dynasty according to categories, and intersperses the author's discussions, using the topic to give full play to Confucian political thought and moral concepts, with a certain philosophical nature. 3, "The Biography of the Daughters": There are two concubines, and the second daughter of Di Yao. Emperor Chang'e, the second daughter Ying. Shun's father and mother. The father's name is Xuansuo, the younger brother is called Xiang, Ao You is in Yan, Shun can be harmonious, and he is filial piety. The mother hates Shun and loves the elephant, Shun is still governed internally, and there is treacherous intent. Yao recommended by Siyue, Yao is his wife and two daughters to view the interior. The two daughters are in the middle of the acres, not arrogant and lazy because of the daughter of the Son of Heaven, but still humble and frugal, thinking about women's ways. Blind and like murder Shun. made Tu Li, Shun returned to the second daughter and said: "My parents made me Tu Li, and I will go." The second daughter said: "Go!" Shun not only treats the house, but also donates the steps, and Shun flies out. Xiangfu conspired with his parents to make Shun Junjing. Shun Nai told the second daughter, and the second daughter said: "Yu, go to Zai!" Shun went to the dunjing, and went in and out, from the cover, and Shun sneaked out. When he can't kill Shun, he can't kill Shun, and Shun drinks quickly, and he will kill him when he is drunk, Shun tells the second daughter, and the second daughter is bathed with Shun medicine, so he goes, and Shun drinks all day long without getting drunk. Shun's daughter's brother is pitiful and harmonious with her second sister-in-law. The parents wanted to kill Shun, but Shun still didn't complain and was angry. Shun went to Yu Tian to cry, the day called Mintian, and called his parents. But if it hurts, I can't help it. Don't complain about his brother, be honest and don't slack off. It is not only accepted in the hundreds, but also in the four gates, selected in the forest, into the foothills, and the hundred directions of the Yao test, and everything is often sought by the two daughters. Shun is the heir and promoted to the Son of Heaven, Empress E is the queen, and Nuying is the concubine. Sealed like in Youku, things are as good as the beginning. The world calls the second concubine smart and chaste. Shun Zhifang, died in Cangwu, called Chonghua. The second concubine died between Jiang and Xiang, commonly known as Xiangjun. The gentleman said: "The second concubine is pure and honest." Shiyun: "If you don't show virtue, you will be punished." That's right.

4 Related Book Review Editors

The book "Warring States Policy" reflects the social style of the Warring States period and the spiritual demeanor of the scholars at that time, which is not only a historical work, but also a very good historical prose. As a historical material reflecting the history of the Warring States Period, it objectively records some major historical events at that time, and is a vivid portrayal of the history of the Warring States Period. It records in detail the remarks and deeds of the Zongheng family at that time, shows the spiritual outlook and ideological ability of these people, and also records the life style of some brave and brave people. In the history of Chinese literature, it marks a new period in the development of ancient Chinese prose, and its literary character is very prominent, especially in the portrayal of characters, the use of language and writing, and the use of fables. Lu Longqi, a beginner in the Qing Dynasty, said that "the strangeness of its articles is enough to entertain people's ears and eyes, and its clever changes are enough to be bad people's mental tricks".

The ideological content of "Warring States Policy" is relatively complex, and the main body reflects the ideological tendency of the Zonghengjia, and also reflects the historical characteristics of active thinking and cultural diversity during the Warring States Period. The political outlook of the "Warring States Policy" is relatively progressive, and the most prominent thing is that it embodies the political ideology of attaching importance to talents. The book "Warring States Policy" is a collection of lobbying speeches, and almost all the words and deeds of the strategists are in this book. There are three major characteristics: one is resourceful, the other is virtual and real, and the third is wonderful.

The book "Warring States Policy" had a great influence on the formation of the biography of Sima Qian's "Historical Records". There are 90 volumes of historical materials in the "Historical Records", which are directly taken from the historical materials of the "Warring States Policy". However, many records in the "Warring States Policy" are not reliable, and Sima Qian said after "The Biography of Su Qin" that "the world says that Su and Qin are different, and those who have different current affairs are attached to Su Qin". "Warring States Policy" has always been praised by researchers for its literary value, but there are different opinions on its thoughts. This is due to the fact that the book does not conform to the Confucianism of later generations and is too chasing fame and fortune. Moreover, the historical role of the Zonghengjia is exaggerated, which reduces the historiographical value.

Warring States Policy", a unique work of national history edited by Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty based on the works of the Zongheng family during the Warring States Period, records the colorful historical appearance of the 12 major vassal states from the early years of the Warring States Period to the 240 years of the unification of Qin. In an era of turbulent and drastic changes such as the Warring States, the Zongheng family who traveled between countries was the darling of the times, and they mostly entered the house as advisers and strategists.