Recently, because of the death of Zhu Gaochi, many book friends have discussed the cause of Zhu Gaochi's death, and Xiaojing summarized it slightly, there are three kinds of them.

Excessive lust, poisoning and death, was killed by the crown prince Zhu Zhanji.

The source of excessive lust is nothing more than the record of the "History of the Ming Dynasty", the minister Li Shimian played a sparse note shortly after Renzong's accession to the throne, which had words to persuade Renzong to be cautious of lust, and said: "I heard that the inner palace was far away from Jianning to choose maids, which made the people suspicious and confused. If you say; The palace of the Son of Heaven has a permanent system in ancient times, and the great filial piety has not yet ended; Left and right to serve the emperor, no one can be unattended, then the main palace has not yet been registered. Fear of the original weathering, there is hope to hinder the restoration. After Renzong read the performance, he was furious and immediately ordered the samurai to torture Li Shimian, who almost died. Until the time when Renzong was dying, he still could not forget this hatred and said: "Shi Mianting insulted me. It can be seen that Renzong is indeed indulgent, and Li Shimian touched his sore spots, otherwise he would not be so obsessed. Emperor Xuanzong, who succeeded Renzong to the throne, once interrogated Li Shimian: "Er Xiaoju dares to touch the first emperor!" What a word, interesting words. ”

Li Shimian kowtowed and replied: "The ministers should not be close to the concubines in the cabinet, and the crown prince should not be far away." Xuanzong sighed and called Li Shimian "loyal" and reinstated his official ("Ming History: Li Shimian Biography"). The meaning here is that after Zhu Gaochi's death, after his son Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, because he understood his father's lust, he did not embarrass Li Shimian.

Poisoning and death, most of the sources are from the Ming people Lu (Jin Yi) "Sick and Easy Manji" There is an account of this: "But Emperor Zong died very quickly, suspected of being a thunderstorm, and suspected that the palace people wanted to poison Zhang, and mistakenly hit the top." To taste the thunder eunuch, quality, the clouds are not, and the cover is also yin. The theory of "yin disease" comes from the day of a eunuch in the time of Renzong, and it should have a certain credibility. At that time, there was probably no cure-for the treatment of such "yin syndrome", which gave some traitors an opportunity. It is also recorded in "The Biography of Luo Rujing in the History of the Ming Dynasty": "At the beginning of Xuanzong, (Luo Rujing) was a scholar Yang Shiqi who was a scholar and said: '...... The first emperor (Renzong) was not in time for the reign, and he abandoned his ministers and the reasons for the convulsions. The dangerous man offered the gold stone to cause illness. It can be seen that the direct cause of Daozhì Renzong's death was that he took the golden stone prescription for treating "yin disease", and he was poisoned.

Zhu Zhanji's murder of his father is related. Renzong was gentle and cowardly by nature, poor in governance, and lustful for pleasure, Chengzu was very dissatisfied with him before his death, only because of the relationship between "etiquette" and "ancestral training", Zhu Gaochi was established as the prince, but Chengzu has always had the heart of abolishing Zhu Gaochi's position. Renzong's eldest son, Zhu Zhanji, was the opposite of his father, good at riding and shooting, proficient in martial arts, keen on power, and scheming. After the death of Chengzu, Renzong ascended the throne, although Zhu Zhanji was appointed as the crown prince, but he had already noticed that he was not a safe generation, so he repeatedly had words of admonition. However, Zhu Zhanji couldn't wait to plan for his early ascension to the throne, and for this reason, he may not care about his flesh and blood. In March of the first year of Hongxi (1425), Renzong ordered Zhu Zhanji to go south to worship the mausoleum (the imperial tomb in Fengyang and the filial piety tomb in Nanjing). Zhu Zhanji left Beijing on 14 April, and Haitao, the eunuch who served Renzong, was a close confidant of Zhu Zhanji, and he plotted in advance to harm Renzong, and Renzong died on 13 May. After Zhu Zhanji left Beijing, he did not follow the schedule and went straight to Nanjing. Before leaving Nanjing, there were "rumors of Renzong's guests" in Nanjing, but it must be known that Beijing had not yet mourned at that time, and there was no means of communication today, so it can be seen that Renzong's guests were expected by some people. At that time, Zhu Zhanji also said: "...... From the beginning to the end, it is not measured by the public. "It shows that he has a heavy dà arrangement that people can't imagine. He hurried back north, waited for the waves on the way, and arrived in Beijing on 3 June. As soon as he arrived in Beijing, some ministers admonished: The people's hearts are turbulent, and they should not be taken lightly. Zhu Zhanji replied: "The artifacts in the world are not available to the intellect, but the ancestors have them." Fate, who dares to sprout evil hearts! (Xuanzong Shilu, Vol. 1) shows that all of them are in his control, revealing confidence and self-satisfaction in the activities of killing his father and seeking the throne.

The above three, I think that in addition to the first and second possibilities, the third may be pure nonsense, maybe I say so, many people are not convinced, after all, things in the world are not vacant, there must be a cause and effect.

Let's analyze this.

Zhu Zhanji was born on the ninth day of the second month of the 31st year of Hongwu, and was the eldest son born to Zhu Gaochi (who was the heir to the fiefdom of King Yan at that time) and his wife Zhang. On the night of Zhu Zhanji's birth, his imperial grandfather, Zhu Di, who was still the king of Yan at the time, had a dream that his father, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, gave him a big gui, which symbolized power in ancient times, and Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the big gui and said to him: "The grandson of the heirloom will be prosperous forever." After Zhu Di woke up, he was recalling the scene in his dream and felt very auspicious. Suddenly, someone reported that his grandson Zhu Zhanji was born. Zhu Di immediately realized that the scene in the dream was reflected in his grandson. He immediately ran to see his grandson, only to see that Xiao Zhanji looked very much like himself, and his face was heroic, Zhu Di was very happy after seeing it, and was busy: "This is the blessing of the Ming Dynasty." This incident played a great role in Zhu Di's determination to launch the Jingyan Change.

After Zhu Di won the Battle of Jingyan, he personally selected the famous Wenchen at that time to serve as Zhu Zhanji's teacher, and instructed many times that the emperor and grandson are a talent that can be created, you must do your best, and Zhu Di did not forget to teach personally, the expedition to Mobei after the middle of Yongle, Zhu Di always took Zhu Zhanji with him, so that he could understand how to lead the troops to fight and exercise his courage, which was of great help to Zhu Zhanji's personal expedition later. Let the imperial grandson understand the hardships of the peasant family, so that he can be a good emperor who loves the people in the future. Such an identity and status have been recognized by the civil and military officials of the Manchu Dynasty, and even everyone in the Ming Dynasty, just wait patiently for his father to pass away, and take over the throne in Shun Lì, why poison his father, and Zhu Zhanji practiced martial arts, and studied Confucian scholarship under the guidance of Hanlin Bachelors. Although he also had his father's aptitude for studying scriptures and literature, he was especially an outstanding samurai as a young man. His precocious wisdom caught Zhu Di's attention. Zhu Di was still martial and often took Zhu Zhanji away from the capital and his family to hunt and conduct military inspections. When Zhu Zhanji, who was strong and vigorous, was taken by Emperor Yongle to participate in the second expedition to Mongolia when he was fifteen years old, it can be said that the twenty-eight-year-old Zhu Zhanji was strong and strong, and it was when he was most energetic, and he didn't need to worry that he couldn't wait for the throne.

On the contrary, Zhu Gaochi has been weak and sickly since he was a child, and Zhu Di said to Zhu Gaoxi: "The son of the world is sick, and he encourages himself." Judging from the battle for the crown prince after Zhu Di ascended the throne, in addition to Yang Rong, Yang Shiqi, Yang Bo, Xia Yuanji and other resolute princes, most of the rest of the civil and military forces of the Manchu Dynasty took refuge in Zhu Gaochu, and the biggest reason is that Zhu Gaochi is not in good health. It can be known that Renzong's health is very bad, which is from the ("History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Li Shimian") in which Li Shimian kowtowed and replied: "The ministers should not be close to the concubines in the cabinet, and the crown prince should not be far away." Xuanzong sighed and called Li Shimian "loyal" and reinstated his official. The meaning here is that after Zhu Gaochi's death, after his son Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, because he understood his father's lust, he did not embarrass Li Shimian's actions, which shows that Zhu Gaochi's body is indeed sick and lustful. What kind of result will be for such a person, who is greedy and lustful after ascending the throne, I think you can guess without me saying more.

Maybe some book friends say that I am talking nonsense, but this can be proved by guò historical data.

"Emperor Renzong died very quickly, suspected of being thunderous, and suspected that the palace people wanted to poison Zhang, and mistakenly hit the top. To taste the thunder eunuch, quality, the clouds are not, and the cover is also yin. —"The Romance of Illness".

"The heirs of the first emperor (Renzong) have not yet reached the deadline...... The prescription of the offering stone to cause illness also. —— "The Biography of Luo Rujing in the History of the Ming Dynasty"

"I heard that the inner palace was far away from Jianning and chose a maid, which made the people suspicious and confused. If you say; The palace of the Son of Heaven has a permanent system in ancient times, and the great filial piety has not yet ended; Left and right to serve the emperor, no one can be unattended, then the main palace has not yet been registered. Fear of the original weathering, there is hope to hinder the restoration. - "History of the Ming Dynasty: The Biography of Li Shimian")

"Hong Xi is immersed in wine, and when he listens to the government, the officials don't know the morning and twilight." ——"Chinese Historical Materials in the Records of the Joseon Li Dynasty"

We know that in the thirteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang executed Hu Weiyong for the crime of "planting the party without authority", and ten years later, in the name of "the good father and the country, knowing the rebellion and not making a plan", "the great rebellion" in the name, killed Li Shanchang and his family more than 70, and ordered to purge the rebel party, before and after being implicated and killed as many as 30,000 people, so far the prime minister system was abolished, the imperial power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor, and the high concentration of power also made Zhu Yuanzhang an unprecedentedly busy emperor in history, and later generations according to the statistics of historical records, From September 14 to 21 in the 19th year of Hongwu alone, Zhu Yuanzhang handled 1,660 pieces of Zhusi Chapters, with an average of more than 200 pieces per day. This made him feel very tired, so he said to the attendants beside him: "Since I ascended the throne, I have tried to encourage myself with diligence, and I will return to the palace at the end of the day, and I will not be able to sit down at night. ”

Such a workload, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di can do it, but Zhu Gaochi, who is not in good health, can definitely not do it, but he has been happy for twenty-two years (that is, the throne. The following year is the first year of Hongxi. Concubine Zhang is the queen, and the eldest son Zhu Zhanji is the crown prince. At the beginning of his accession, he dismissed the Western treasure ship and went to the western city of Ma and Yunnan to procure, and re-established the three dukes and three orphan officials, with the duke, the marquis, the uncle, and the Shangshu at the same time. sent the imperial history to inspect the border guards, and sent the imperial history to patrol the world and inspect the officials. During his reign, the criminal law was mitigated, and disaster relief and grain were waived in Kaifeng, Shandong and other places. Employing people and administering people will be praised by future generations. There are Khotan, Ryukyu, Champong, Hami, Washuang and other tributes, and in just one year, such feats have been made, and you can imagine how many things have to be done every day.

If you may still be a little unconvinced by these two points, then let's talk about the third point.

Everyone knows that the "History of the Ming Dynasty" was finalized by the Manchu emperor from beginning to end. In 1645, the Manchu rulers set up a history museum to revise the History of the Ming Dynasty. However, because the political situation was not stable at that time, and the struggle against the Qing Dynasty in the south was in full swing, in fact, the revision work was only in the preparatory stage and was not in full swing. The reason why the Manchu Qing Dynasty made this gesture of revising history was to announce that the Ming Dynasty had ended, and secondly, to encircle the remnants of the Ming Dynasty and surrender the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.

It was not until the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678) that the conditions for revising history seemed to be ripe, and Kangxi ordered the revision of the History of the Ming Dynasty to be launched in an all-round way. Until 1739 (the fourth year of Qianlong), when Kangxi and Yongzheng died successively, after more than 90 years, the "Ming History Manuscript" was finally finalized (Wuyingdian Edition) and publicly printed and distributed after three revisions, edits and deletions.

In the 38th year of Qianlong (1773), the construction of the "Siku Quanshu" began, and in the 42nd year of Qianlong (1777), Qianlong ordered a comprehensive revision of the "Benji" part of the "History of the Ming Dynasty" (including the "Biography" and other parts), and in the 54th year of Qianlong (1789), this new "History of the Ming Dynasty" was included in the "Siku Quanshu". Sikuben's "History of the Ming Dynasty" can be said to have made a further contribution to the scandalization of the Ming Dynasty.

It took Zhu Yuanzhang more than two years to revise the "History of the Yuan", and it took only more than two years for Meng Yuan to repair the "History of the Song Dynasty" (the largest historical book in the 24 histories), but the Manchu Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty spent nearly a hundred years to revise a history of the Ming Dynasty.

The most important thing is that the Qing Dynasty destroyed a large number of historical materials of the Ming Dynasty in the revision of the "History of the Ming Dynasty", and in the fortieth year of Qianlong (1775), Qianlong ordered the revision of the "History of the Ming Dynasty" again, which made a lot of adaptations and scandalization of the emperors and ministers of the Ming Dynasty, and deliberately belittled the evaluation of the Ming emperors.

For example, the "Yingzong Zan" in the original "Ming History Benji" said that Yingzong "reigned for 24 years before and after, and there was no barnyard government", and the revised "Yingzong Zan" commented on Yingzong and said: "After reigning for 24 years, the prestige and blessing have been moved downward, the punishment and reward are indiscriminate, and there are many losses. For another example, the original evaluation of Ming Shizong as "the master of middle talent", but the revised evaluation became: "And rely on the power of the traitor, kill the direct ministers, and speed up his will, what is the only one!" As long as we compare and read the "History of the Ming Dynasty" with the "History of the Ming Dynasty" of the "Four Libraries", we will find that among the more than a dozen emperors of the Ming Dynasty, at least in the Benji of the seven emperors such as Emperor Jing, Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Wuzong, Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Xiaozong, Emperor Shizong, and Emperor Muzong, the comments of the master have been significantly modified. After such revisions, the impression of the Ming Dynasty emperor to future generations on the whole highlighted the characteristics of "the Ming Dynasty was faint", and the biggest scandalization was the record of Ming Chengzu's brutal killing of Emperor Jianwen's relics and slaughtering palace maids.

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Originally, in the "History of the Ming Dynasty", the description of Fang Xiaoru and others' Yi clan only used the fifteen characters of "Ding Chou, kill Qi Tai, Huang Zicheng, Fang Xiaoru, and Yi Qi clan", but in the "Siku" book "Ming History Benji", it was changed to this narrative: "Ding Chou, summoned Fang Xiaoru to the throne edict, filial piety and ru, and cried and scolded." The emperor was furious, and Tai and Zicheng also defended unyieldingly. Then they were in the same city with their filial piety, and they all razed their clans." Obviously, whether it is the original or the "History of the Ming Dynasty" of Sikuben, there is no record of the ten clans of Ming Chengzu Yifang filial piety——。

But with this change, Ming Chengzu became the emperor who executed Fang Xiaoru and other ministers of the Jianwen Dynasty with cruel Tongqi punishment (the Yi people only killed a lot of people, and the punishment of beheading was naturally not among the torture), and he became an emperor known for his brutality. And the slandered Ming Chengzu's so-called three thousand palace maids said that there are no relevant documents in the official historical archives.

Just imagine such a history book, there has never been a record of Zhu Zhanji's murder of his father, you must know that the Qing Dynasty people were satisfied, and the Han people were extremely resistant to the plot, so since the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong dynasties in order to achieve the Manchu and Han families, and also for the needs of their respective politics, the "History of the Ming Dynasty" compiled and revised the emperor of the Ming Dynasty has many derogatory references, just imagine that Zhu Zhanji really did the murder of his father, according to the needs of the Qing Dynasty emperor, he will never let go, from this point it is enough to show that Zhu Zhanji did not do such a thing.

Moreover, in addition to the "History of the Ming Dynasty" compiled by the Qing Dynasty, there is also a "Ming Shilu" according to the Ming Dynasty system, after the heir ascended to the throne, that is, the King James superintendent, the chief vice president and the ministers of the compilation, edited the "Actual Record" of the first dynasty. At the beginning of the previous dynasties, there were supervisors, presidents, and officials. The Ministry of Rites consulted with the Foreign and Foreign Government Offices to collect historical events, and sent officials and Guozisheng to various places to visit the deeds of the previous dynasty and send them to the History Museum. After the official completion of the "Actual Record", the frontispiece listed the imperial preface, and the ministers entered the "Actual Record" table, compiled the names of the ministers and compiled the common examples, etc., and transcribed the first and second copies, and the manuscript was burned in the pepper garden next to the Taiye Pond before the official submission. The original is in the inner house, after the thirteenth year of Jiajing (1534), it was transferred to the imperial palace. The copy was originally stored in the ancient and modern Tongji library, and later changed to the Wenyuan Pavilion for borrowing and reference for future generations of cabinet ministers and historians to revise the "Actual Record".

Therefore, among them: one edict, two edicts, three systems, four edicts, five volumes, six edicts, seven books, eight symbols, nine orders, and ten edicts; There are also ten on the following: one question, two invoices, three notes, four sermons, five pleadings, six volumes, seven revelations, eight meetings, nine delictions, and ten translations. They are the main source materials on which the compilation of the "Ming Shilu" is compiled, and they can be said to be the most authentic records, among such records, "Ming Renzong Shilu", "Ming History, Renzong Ji", etc., do not mention the cause of Zhu Gaochi's death, that is to say, there is no record of Zhu Zhanji's murder of his father.

In this way, it is very likely that Zhu Gaochi died of a heart attack or some sudden illness, and as for Zhu Zhanji's murder, it is simply nonsense.

Because he died on May 12, Zhu Zhanji was still in Nanjing at the time, and only arrived in Liangxiang on June 3, according to the traffic conditions in the past, such a time is still relatively close to the facts, there should be no possibility that he killed his father with poison, and there is no need for this, because Zhu Zhanji had just become an adult at that time, and he was not so anxious to wait for the throne. As for why Zhu Gaochu, who was ready to rebel at any time in Le'an, Shandong, did not rob Zhu Zhanji halfway, I analyze the following reasons: First, because Zhu Gaochi originally died suddenly, and before Zhu Gaochi died, Zhu Gaochu did not dare to rebel, otherwise if he wanted to kill Zhu Zhanji, he would have killed Zhu Zhanji when Zhu Zhanji went to Nanjing, so why wait for Zhu Zhanji to come back from Nanjing; The second is that the death of the emperor in the past was a very sensitive and important event, and when the ministers were not sure to control the situation, they were generally not mourned, and Zhu Gaochi did not necessarily know that Zhu Gaochi was going to die, because he was only forty-eight years old at the time and died suddenly, and Zhu Gaochu was not a fortune teller, how could he know that Zhu Gaochi was going to die, and the news of Zhu Gaochi's death was only started when Zhu Zhanji arrived in Beijing on June 3; The third is that despite Zhu Gaoxu's wolf ambitions, people were more regular in the past, especially when doing such a major event as rebellion, it must be a famous teacher, and he can't secretly kill Zhu Zhanji first and then announce a rebellion for no reason, if he dares to do that, then this person is not the emperor.

After rushing to Nanjing in an eight-hundred-mile hurry, Zhu Zhanji rushed to Beijing within half a month, and then reported Zhu Gaochi's death to the whole country.