fangdao

King Wen of Zhou performed and arranged the Book of Changes, with Qian and Kun as the first place. Confucius explained www.biquge.info "Heaven is noble, the earth is humble, and yang and yin are determined." Arranged in an orderly manner from low to high, the high and the low will also have their place. This means that the relationship between the ruler and his courtiers is as incommutable as heaven and earth. The book "Spring and Autumn" belittles the princes and respects the Zhou royal family, although the official status of the Zhou royal family is not high, the order in the book is still above the princes and monarchs, which shows that the Confucian sage paid attention to the relationship between the monarch and the minister. If it weren't for the tyrannical and faint kings like Xia Wei and Shang Xuan, and the opponent met a benevolent and virtuous lord like Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou, so that the people would return to their hearts and be given orders by God, the status between the monarch and the minister could only be to abide by the courtier's festival and die unswervingly. Therefore, if the Shang Dynasty appointed a virtuous Weizi as the monarch to replace the king of Zhou, the Shang Dynasty founded by Cheng Tang could forever match the heavens, and if the Wu Kingdom made the benevolent Ji Za as the monarch, the founding monarch Taibo could also enjoy the sacrifice forever. However, Weizi and Jizha would rather the destruction of the country than be the monarch, because the festival of etiquette must not be destroyed. Therefore, the most important thing in etiquette is the distinction between high and low status.

Husband etiquette, distinguish between the noble and the low, the order of relatives and sparseness, the cutting of group things, the system of affairs, not the name is not not, not the instrument is not formed; When the famous weapon is dead, then Li'an has to be alone! Uncle Xi Zhong has contributed to the guard, and he resigned from the city and asked for Fanying, and Confucius thought that it was better to have more with him. Only the name and the instrument cannot be dummy, and the ruler is also in charge; Wei Jun treated Confucius and became a politician, Confucius wanted to correct his name first, thinking that if his name was not correct, the people would be at a loss. The husband is complicated, the small things are also, and Confucius cherishes it; the name is correct, the details are also, and Confucius is the first: sincerity is the name of the instrument is chaotic, and the upper and lower are not able to protect each other. The sage's concern is far away, so he can be careful about his subtlety, and the knowledge of the people is close, so he will wait for his work and then save it; "Yi" said: "Walking on frost and ice," and "Book" said: "One day, two days, ten thousand," which is also called this kind of thing. Therefore, it is said that the score is greater than the name.

The so-called etiquette and religion lie in distinguishing between the high and the low, ranking the relatives and the sparse, judging all things, and dealing with daily things. If you don't have a certain position, you can't show it, and if you don't have utensils, you can't show it. Only by using the name to distinguish the name, and using the utensils to mark the difference, and then the top and bottom can be orderly. This is the essence of etiquette. If there are no more names and utensils, then how can the religion of etiquette exist alone! When Uncle Zhong Yu Xi made great contributions to the defense of the country, he refused the fief of the reward, but asked him to be allowed to enjoy the horse ornaments that only nobles should have. Confucius thought that it was better to reward him with more fiefs, but the name and utensils should never be faked to others, which was a symbol of the king's power; if he did not adhere to principles in handling political affairs, the country would also perish. The monarch expected Confucius to handle political affairs for him, but Confucius first wanted to establish a position, believing that if the position was not right, the people would have nothing to do. Horse ornament is a kind of small utensil, but Confucius cherished its value; the right name is a small thing, but Confucius has to start from it, that is, because the name and utensils are disordered, the country can not protect each other. There is nothing that does not arise from a small thing and gradually develops significantly, and the sages have long thought about it, so they can be cautious about the small changes and deal with them in a timely manner; To correct the initial small mistakes, the force is small but the results are great, and to save the obvious major evils, it is often impossible to succeed even if we try our best. The Book of Changes says: "Walking on the frost and knowing that the cold and ice are coming." The Book of Shang says: "The first king had to deal with thousands of things every day. This is an example of this kind of prevention. Therefore, the most important thing to distinguish between high and low status is to correct the status of each rank.

Woohoo! Quiet, strong loss of morality, Zhou Dao is declining, the discipline is scattered, the lower tomb is replaced, the princes are levied, the doctor is good at governance, the general body of the ceremony is mourned, and the worship of literature and martial arts is still continuous, and the descendants of Zhou can still keep their names. How can you say that? The former Jin Dynasty Wen Gong had a great contribution to the royal family, and asked the king of Xiang to tunnel, but the king of Xiang did not allow it, saying: "Wang Zhangye." There are two kings who are not virtuous, and they are also hated by their uncles. Otherwise, my uncle has a place and a tunnel, so why bother!" Therefore, the land of Zhou is not greater than Cao and Teng, and the people of Zhou are not as many as Di and Ju, but after hundreds of years, the suzerainty of the world, although Jin, Chu, Qi, and Qin dare not add to the strong, why not? As for Ji's to Lu, Tian Chang to Qi, Bai Gong to Chu, and Zhibo to Jin, their power is enough to chase the king and do it themselves, but those who don't dare to do it are not strong enough to bear it, but they are afraid of committing adultery and committing crimes and the world is condemned. Now the Jin Dynasty doctor is contemptuous of his king, and the Jin country is divided, and the Son of Heaven can neither please him, but also favor him, so that he is listed among the princes, and he cannot keep the name of the mere and abandon it. The gift of the first king is complete!

King Zhou You and King Zhou Li lost their virtues, and the number of qi in the Zhou Dynasty deteriorated. The Rites and Disciplines of the Dynasty collapsed, the lower levels were bullied and the higher levels were decayed, the princes and kings arbitrarily extorted others, the scholars and doctors interfered in the affairs of the court without authorization, and the Rites and Religions on the whole had been degraded seven or eight times out of ten. However, the regime created by King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou can continue to continue, because the descendants of the Zhou Dynasty can still hold the throne. Why do you say this? In that year, Duke Wen of Jin made great contributions to the Zhou Dynasty, so he asked King Xiang of Zhou to allow him to enjoy the royal funeral system after his death, but King Xiang of Zhou did not allow it, saying: "The system of King Zhou is obvious. There was no change of dynasty and there were two sons of heaven, which was also opposed by the Duke of Jin Wen as an uncle. Otherwise, uncle, you have land and are willing to be buried, so why do you ask me?" Jin Wengong was afraid and did not dare to violate the etiquette system. Therefore, the territory of the Zhou royal family was not larger than that of Cao and Teng, and the subjects under its jurisdiction were not more than those of Yi and Ju, but after several hundred years, they were still the suzerains of the world, and even powerful countries like Jin, Chu, Qi, and Qin did not dare to override it. Looking at the great doctor Ji of the Lu State, Tian Chang of the Qi State, Bai Gongsheng of the Chu State, and Zhibo of the Jin State, their power was large enough to expel the monarch and stand on their own, but they did not dare to do so, was it because they lacked strength or could not bear it? It was just that they were afraid that they would take their position and incur the world's crusade. Now the three doctors of the Jin State bullied and despised the monarch and divided the Jin Kingdom, and the King of Zhou, as the Son of Heaven, could not send troops to conscript, but instead gave them titles and made them list among the princes and kings, so that the only little name of the Zhou Dynasty could no longer be held and all of them were abandoned. The etiquette of the first king of the Zhou Dynasty has been lost here!