At the end of the Ming Dynasty, this trend was most obvious, Xu Guangqi, a talented man, taught in his hometown and in Guangdong and Guangxi, teaching students during the day and reading ancient agricultural books extensively at night to study agricultural production techniques. Since agricultural production is very closely related to the astronomical calendar and water conservancy projects, and the astronomical calendar and water conservancy projects are inseparable from mathematics, he further read the ancient astronomical calendar, water conservancy and mathematical works. He once said that writing an article must first have momentum, and explore the truth to the extreme, so that it can be passed down through the ages.

Later, he persuaded Matteo Ricci to impart Western scientific knowledge, and Ricci agreed. He used the Greek mathematician Euclid's book "The Original" around the third century BC as a textbook to teach Xu Guangqi Western mathematical theories. After a period of study, Xu Guangqi fully understood the content of Euclid's work, and was deeply impressed by its basic theories and logical reasoning, believing that these were the shortcomings of ancient mathematics in China.

So Xu Guang Qijian yì Matteo Ricci cooperated with him and translated it into Chinese together. At first, Ricci was hesitant about this construction, because Euclid's work was written in Latin, Latin and Chinese grammar are different, the vocabulary is also very different, and many mathematical terms in the book do not have corresponding ready-made vocabulary in Chinese. It is not easy to translate accurately, fluently, and in plain language. Earlier, there was a man surnamed Jiang who cooperated with Matteo Ricci to try to translate, but because of this, he had to give up halfway. But Xu Guangqi believes that as long as he is willing to work hard, he can always translate it. After his repeated persuasion, Matteo Ricci agreed.

In the winter of the 34th year of Wanli, translation work began. It was first translated verbatim by Matteo Ricci in Chinese, and then recorded by Xu Guangqicao. After translating a paragraph, Xu Guangqi carefully revised the words and sentences, and then Matteo Ricci checked it against the original work. The "parallel lines", "triangles", "diagonals", "right angles", "acute angles", "obtuse angles", "similar" and other Chinese nouns and terms in the translation were all determined by his painstaking and repeated deliberations.

In the spring of the thirty-fifth year of Wanli, Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci translated the first six volumes of this work. In the same year, the first six volumes of "Geometry Originals" were officially published, which immediately aroused great repercussions, and became a must-read book for those engaged in mathematics in the late Ming Dynasty, which played a great role in the development of modern mathematics in China. Later, although Xu Guangqi was not able to translate the last nine volumes of the Geometry with Matteo Ricci, he wrote many other scientific works one after another.

Compared with his contemporaries, Xu Guangqi took a different path. He is not like Hai Rui who carries the coffin to persuade the faint king, nor is he addicted to chanting and singing like Tang Xianzu. He made a down-to-earth effort to introduce advanced science and technology -- this was an unpopular "technique" at that time, and it was incompatible with his status as a scholar of the Chongzhen Dynasty's Ministry of Rites, a scholar of Wenyuange, and a deputy assistant to the cabinet. He presided over the compilation of the "Chongzhen Calendar" during his lifetime, laying the foundation of the calendar for nearly 300 years. has Xu Guangqi's "first", and to be able to do this step is not because of his open-mindedness, as well as his superior vision, or because he is good at learning and making trouble, so he is not surprised by Yang Zheng's words to Yang Pu.

Yang Pu took another step, squinted at him and said, "By the way, the four poems on your excerpt don't seem to be logic, right?" ”

Yang Zheng had to admire Yang Pu's sharp eyes, nodded and said, "Don't hide it from the elder, it's really not logic?" But the study of the mind? “

Yang Pu didn't seem to expect him to promise so quickly, but he said slightly: "How can you say this?" ”

Yang Zheng said: "Conscience is the essence of the heart, no good and no evil is the heart that is not covered by selfish desires, it is the principle of heaven, in the undeveloped, there is no good and no evil, and it is also the realm we pursue, it is "in the undeveloped", it cannot be divided into good and evil, so there is no good and no evil; When people have ideological activities, they add this kind of idea to things, and this kind of idea has a difference between good and evil, good and evil, he can be said to be "developed", and things are neutralized and not in it, that is, it conforms to the principles of heaven and does not conform to the principles of heaven, the middle is good, and the wrong is evil; Although conscience has no good and no evil, it is free to know good and evil, which is the essence of knowledge; A qiē learning, cultivation boils down to one point, that is, to do evil for the sake of good, that is, to take conscience as the standard, and act according to one's own conscience.

But sometimes there will be an error in a person's judgment, that is, there is an error in the movement of the mind, that is, if he cannot correctly distinguish between good and evil, and he takes evil as good and good as evil, then his conscience will also be wrong, and thus the object will also go astray.

Because the heart at this time has been obscured by selfishness and material desires, it is not a heavenly principle, and then we must turn to ourselves.

Strive to return your mind to a state where there is no good or evil.

Only when we return to the state of no good and no evil can we have a correct conscience and a correct character.

What is reasonable, as long as the knowledge of things to achieve a heart without selfish material desires, the reason in the heart is actually the reason of all things in the world.

Heavenly principles do not rely on empty talk, but on the knowledge of things. Relying on practice and self-reflection, that is, "the unity of knowledge and action".

If you have heavenly principles and selflessness in your heart, it is like there are rules and rules in the world, and you can measure the square and circle of all things in the world if you have rules. No matter how many squares and circles, no matter the size of these squares and circles, they can rely on the knowledge of things to reveal their laws, otherwise these laws are incorrect Heavenly Principles are in people's hearts, what does the elder think? “

Yang Pu is erudite, and Lu's mind is not unknown, but it seems that Yang Zheng's four mantras are the first time I have heard them, and I can't help but be a little curious.

In fact, these four mantras embody the highest state of life of Wang Yangming's mind, that is, "to cultivate one's mind and to swim in creation", "to observe things at leisure, and to quietly understand the heavenly machine into the cave." The Tao is in the danger of being happy everywhere, and the mind is in the state of "true happiness" or "true self" of the mind fish and birds artesian. This state of being otherworldly, free from the shackles of personal fame, fortune, slander, rich and poor. In this realm of "happiness", people and "Dahua" are popular, and "leisurely" is between "life and landscape", realizing the unity of society and nature, rationality and sensibility, beauty and goodness, and reaching a lively and pleasant and highly free spiritual realm.

His conscience experience aesthetics are worth touching and experiencing in our daily lives. On the busy road, when I turned around, I found that the ancestors were dressed in fluttering clothes, and in the face of the people who were living in the fly camp and dogs, they had already smiled and left us on the road of arduous trekking, and went to pursue the life of a saint who was free and clear. It is only on this holiday that I can touch the "conscience" in my heart, and Wang's "knowledge of things" is obviously much more friendly and useful to me than Zhu Xi's.

The Four Sentences of Wangmen expounds the multiple meanings of the mind, the body of nature, and the conscience in the system of mind, pointing out that the connotations of the mind, nature, and reason are not exactly the same as commonly believed, and through the analysis of the "no good, no goodness" of the mind, it is pointed out that the "supreme good" mentioned by Wang Yangming is an ungraspable good that transcends moral good and evil. Finally, Tong Guò's analysis of the relationship between ontology and gongfu reveals the potential contradiction contained in the four sentences, and points out that this contradiction is an important reason for the differentiation of mind. Although Yang Pu felt that this mental study was a little incredible, but what was wrong, and he couldn't say it, he frowned slightly and said: "You are talking about logic, but you have used your heart to learn under the guise of it, I'm afraid it's not appropriate, right?" ”

Yang Zheng laughed and said, "Elder Ge's words are true, but in the world, sometimes the process is not important, but the result is more important, what does Elder Ge think?" ”

Yang Pu read these words in a low voice, and laughed loudly: "A good process is not important, the old man thought that you were an honest and responsible young man, but he didn't want your kid to slip his head very much, however, the old man was very pleased, as the saying goes, those who do big things are not informal, everyone understands this, for those who may not be able to do it, and those who can do it are most likely to do some unrighteous acts under the guise of this sentence. The old man is not ambiguous? ”

"Seriously!" Yang Zheng was overjoyed, this sentence blurted out subconsciously, as soon as the words came out, he began to regret it, according to Yang Pu's current status, how can there be anything to say casually, the ancients attached great importance to integrity, the so-called daughter is not as good as Fan Xu, although Yang Pu is not Fan Xu, but attaches importance to commitment, and will never be worse than Fan Xu, so this sentence is nonsense at all.

Yang Pu was not angry, looked up at him, and said, "Looking at Lord Yang's expression, it seems that there is something that the old man wants to help?" ”

Yang Zheng saw that he was not angry and relieved, he smiled and said, "How else to say that Jiang is still old and spicy, Xia Guan's thoughts are just not to hide from the elder of the pavilion?" ”

Yang Pu snorted and said: "Don't pat yourself on the back, these flattering words of yours should be left to other officials, don't you eat this set of old man?" ”

Yang Zheng saw that although his face was wrinkled, the joy in the corners of his eyes was still revealed, knowing that this old guy still liked these flattering words, but he was not as good at showing them as others. He smiled and said, "This is not flattery, is it true?" ”

Yang Pu said: "What is the truth or falsehood, if you don't say anything, the old man can leave?" ”

Yang Zheng hurriedly said: "Say, let's say!" So, I think that after I leave the Hanlin Academy, I hope that the Pavilion Elder will take my place and continue to advance logic? “

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It's Friday, and when it's the busiest, let's continue to do more!