Absolute sainthood and abandonment of wisdom (1), the people are a hundred times more profitable; absolute benevolence and righteousness, the people are restored to filial piety; absolute ingenuity and abandonment of profit, there are no thieves. These three (2) are considered to be insufficient (3), so they belong (4), see plain and simple (5), have few selfish desires, and have no worries about learning (6).

[Translation]

If you abandon wisdom and ingenuity, the people will be rewarded with a hundredfold benefit, if you abandon benevolence and righteousness, the people will be restored to their filial nature, and if you abandon cunning and profit, there will be no thieves. Sage, benevolence, righteousness, and skillful profit are all clever ornaments, and it is not enough as a law to deal with social pathologies, so it is necessary to make people's ideological understanding belong, maintain a pure and simple nature, reduce selfish desires and distractions, and abandon the floating text of the holy wisdom and ritual law, so as to avoid trouble.

[Notes]

1. Abandon wisdom: abandon wisdom and ingenuity. Here, "saint" is not a "saint", that is, the highest level of cultivation, but the meaning of self-wisdom.

2. These three refer to wisdom, benevolence, and skill.

3. Text: articles and rules.

4. Genus: belonging, adaptation.

5. Seeing plain and simple: It means maintaining the original natural nature. "Su" is undyed silk, "Pu" is uncarved wood, and Su, Pu are synonymous.

6. Worry-free learning: It refers to the abandonment of the study of benevolence, righteousness and wisdom.

[Quote]

The previous chapter described the various manifestations of social pathologies after the abandonment of the avenue, and this chapter proposes a plan to deal with social pathologies. In the previous chapter, Lao Tzu said that "wisdom comes out, and there is great hypocrisy", and thus advocated the abandonment of this wisdom and ingenuity. He believes that "sacredness" and "wisdom" produce the legal system of deceit, and that the use of the legal system to govern the country with deceit will become a "promising" government that disturbs the people. By abandoning this kind of political behavior that disturbs the people, the people can get tangible benefits. In this chapter, many books lead to the end of "less selfishness and few desires", and "no worries about learning" as the beginning of the next chapter. This book advocates the idea of placing this sentence in this chapter, and "no worries about learning" can be juxtaposed with the previous sentence, "seeing simplicity and embracing simplicity, and less selfishness and few desires".

[Commentary]

Yang Xingshun, a scholar from the former Soviet Union, believes that "as a sincere defender of the interests of the people, Lao Tzu opposed all the culture of the ancient Chinese ruling class. He believed that this culture was a spiritual weapon to enslave the people, through which the sages of 'Xiade' established all kinds of false moral concepts, and that only the people of the 'dynasty' could enjoy the material wealth of this culture. Rather, all this hypocritical culture has also corrupted the simple people and stimulated their desire for 'strange things'. This culture is the 'head of chaos'. From these confessions, it is clear that Lao Tzu denounces the culture of the ruling class, which, in his view, is contradictory to the regular social phenomenon, that is, to the 'way of heaven'. This culture must be abandoned. It does not benefit the people in any way. Thus, Lao Tzu opposed the culture of the ruling class, denied its significance to the people, and put forward a utopian idea of isolating the people from this culture. Although Lao Tzu's political proposition is undesirable, his viewpoint of "seeing the plain and embracing simplicity, less selfishness and few desires" and restoring the natural nature of human beings is not meaningless.

In addition, there are three different interpretations of the phrase "no worries about learning" in academic circles. One view is that "no worries about learning" means that there is no worry about abandoning learning. This interpretation holds that Lao Tzu wants to destroy all culture, and of course he should not learn it. In this sense, Lao Tzu is the founder of the policy of fooling the people, and he is an advocate of the idea and policy of fooling the people. Another view is that "absolute learning" refers to abandoning the knowledge of wisdom, righteousness, and skill, and putting it outside the body, free from the temptation of power, and making it carefree. There is also an opinion that Lao Tzu's "absolute" is actually the "absolute" of the trick, which refers to the deepest and unique learning, and Lao Tzu believes that only by obtaining unique knowledge that is different from the world can we obtain the freedom of no impulse to selfish desires. This opinion holds that Lao Tzu is such a unique person who shows his attitude towards learning. Absolute sainthood and abandonment of wisdom (1), the people are a hundred times more profitable; absolute benevolence and righteousness, the people are restored to filial piety; absolute ingenuity and abandonment of profit, there are no thieves. These three (2) are considered to be insufficient (3), so they belong (4), see plain and simple (5), have few selfish desires, and have no worries about learning (6).

[Translation]

If you abandon wisdom and ingenuity, the people will be rewarded with a hundredfold benefit, if you abandon benevolence and righteousness, the people will be restored to their filial nature, and if you abandon cunning and profit, there will be no thieves. Sage, benevolence, righteousness, and skillful profit are all clever ornaments, and it is not enough as a law to deal with social pathologies, so it is necessary to make people's ideological understanding belong, maintain a pure and simple nature, reduce selfish desires and distractions, and abandon the floating text of the holy wisdom and ritual law, so as to avoid trouble.

[Notes]

1. Abandon wisdom: abandon wisdom and ingenuity. Here, "saint" is not a "saint", that is, the highest level of cultivation, but the meaning of self-wisdom.

2. These three refer to wisdom, benevolence, and skill.

3. Text: articles and rules.

4. Genus: belonging, adaptation.

5. Seeing plain and simple: It means maintaining the original natural nature. "Su" is undyed silk, "Pu" is uncarved wood, and Su, Pu are synonymous.

6. Worry-free learning: It refers to the abandonment of the study of benevolence, righteousness and wisdom.

[Quote]

The previous chapter described the various manifestations of social pathologies after the abandonment of the avenue, and this chapter proposes a plan to deal with social pathologies. In the previous chapter, Lao Tzu said that "wisdom comes out, and there is great hypocrisy", and thus advocated the abandonment of this wisdom and ingenuity. He believes that "sacredness" and "wisdom" produce the legal system of deceit, and that the use of the legal system to govern the country with deceit will become a "promising" government that disturbs the people. By abandoning this kind of political behavior that disturbs the people, the people can get tangible benefits. In this chapter, many books lead to the end of "less selfishness and few desires", and "no worries about learning" as the beginning of the next chapter. This book advocates the idea of placing this sentence in this chapter, and "no worries about learning" can be juxtaposed with the previous sentence, "seeing simplicity and embracing simplicity, and less selfishness and few desires".

[Commentary]

Yang Xingshun, a scholar from the former Soviet Union, believes that "as a sincere defender of the interests of the people, Lao Tzu opposed all the culture of the ancient Chinese ruling class. He believed that this culture was a spiritual weapon to enslave the people, through which the sages of 'Xiade' established all kinds of false moral concepts, and that only the people of the 'dynasty' could enjoy the material wealth of this culture. Rather, all this hypocritical culture has also corrupted the simple people and stimulated their desire for 'strange things'. This culture is the 'head of chaos'. From these confessions, it is clear that Lao Tzu denounces the culture of the ruling class, which, in his view, is contradictory to the regular social phenomenon, that is, to the 'way of heaven'. This culture must be abandoned. It does not benefit the people in any way. Thus, Lao Tzu opposed the culture of the ruling class, denied its significance to the people, and put forward a utopian idea of isolating the people from this culture. Although Lao Tzu's political proposition is undesirable, his viewpoint of "seeing the plain and embracing simplicity, less selfishness and few desires" and restoring the natural nature of human beings is not meaningless.

In addition, there are three different interpretations of the phrase "no worries about learning" in academic circles. One view is that "no worries about learning" means that there is no worry about abandoning learning. This interpretation holds that Lao Tzu wants to destroy all culture, and of course he should not learn it. In this sense, Lao Tzu is the founder of the policy of fooling the people, and he is an advocate of the idea and policy of fooling the people. Another view is that "absolute learning" refers to abandoning the knowledge of wisdom, righteousness, and skill, and putting it outside the body, free from the temptation of power, and making it carefree. There is also an opinion that Lao Tzu's "absolute" is actually the "absolute" of the trick, which refers to the deepest and unique learning, and Lao Tzu believes that only by obtaining unique knowledge that is different from the world can we obtain the freedom of no impulse to selfish desires. This opinion holds that Lao Tzu is such a unique person who shows his attitude towards learning. to hassle-free. There is also an opinion that the "absolute" mentioned by Lao Tzu is actually the "absolute" of the trick, which refers to the deepest and unique learning, and Lao Tzu believes that only by obtaining unique 666666666666 learning that is different from the secular (to be continued. )