At one point he calculated all the possibilities of a chess game, and on another occasion he calculated the maximum amount of time he could sustain with food and manpower. Shen Kuo also improved the accuracy of the colander's timekeeping, improved the armillary sphere and sundial, and he also expanded the width of the armillary sphere to better observe Polaris and other planets. Shen Kuo also did experiments on the camera obscura, which was only a few decades later than the first real person, the ancient Arab Haitham Mu, and it was through Guò that they were able to flourish.

With the issuance of paper money, these inventions began to promote the economic development and prosperity of the Song Dynasty, and had a profound impact on human civilization. At the same time, the golden age of Islam in another world entered its heyday, promoting the development of human art, agriculture, economy, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, science, sociology, science and technology, and reforming and innovating these aspects. Primitive capitalism and the free market emerged here, and the Islamic world developed the rudiments of a market economy and merchant capitalism, which some people call "Islamic capitalism", and produced a huge impact.

In terms of maritime trade, the Arabs monopolized the entire Indian Ocean and Southeast Asian markets, such as the Southern Song Dynasty's control of the Quanzhou maritime trade clan Pu as a descendant of Arabia, etc., which are enough to show the influence of science and technology on the Song Dynasty, but Yang Zheng decided not to talk about these concepts, but to be intuitive, fortunately, he was fully prepared for this, and said with a deep sigh: "In the Song Dynasty, paper money and bank credit appeared for the first time in the world, this achievement, I don't need to say more, and the elder of the pavilion also knows the benefits?"

Yang Pu nodded: "In the eighth year of Hongwu, due to the lack of copper at that time, Hongwu promulgated the "Money Law" in the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty, and set up the Treasure Banknote Lifting Division, under which there was a second bureau of papermaking and banknote printing and two libraries for treasure banknotes and lines. It was issued the following year under the name of Nanjing, Zhongshu Province.

In the 22nd year of Hongwu, the imperial court issued five kinds of small banknotes, namely Shiwen, Ershiwen, Sanshiwen, Shiwen, and Wu Shiwen, and the face size of the ticket was smaller. After Yongle, the treasure banknotes were still printed with the Hongwu era name, and the people were forbidden to buy and sell gold and silver.

Around 22 years of Hongwu, the paper money depreciated and rose, Jiangxi, Fujian and the two banknotes can only be exchanged for copper money 500 Wen, although this kind of treasure banknote has some various shortcomings, but it has to be said that it is of great benefit to the circulation of commerce, the treasury can be full in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and the treasure money is indispensable!"

Seeing Yang Pu nodding, Yang Zheng secretly breathed a sigh of relief, and put the historical knowledge in the junior high school textbook into operation and said: "Three of the four great inventions of the Song Dynasty were invented or began to be widely used. Among them, movable type printing was invented in the Song Dynasty, and engraving printing was widely used in the Song Dynasty (the earliest known printing is the "Diamond Sutra" scroll of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty), gunpowder and firearms began to be used on a large scale in the Song Dynasty (the first record of the use of gunpowder in war was in the late Tang Dynasty), and the compass began to be used in large quantities for ocean-going ships in the Song Dynasty. The benefits of these technologies are self-evident, what do you think?"

Yang Pu hummed: "Movable type printing, gunpowder, compass in the Ming Dynasty is a real feeling, no printing, all kinds of books, especially the "Yongle Canon" is the largest book in the past and present is not compiled, no gunpowder, the Ming may not be able to thwart the Tartars again and again, defend the country, no compass, the Ming Dynasty went to the West six times, the situation of all countries coming to the dynasty, I am afraid that it is still an unknown number, it can be said that it is these inventions of the Song Dynasty that gave birth to the Yongle Prosperous Era and gave birth to the most powerful empire!

Yang Zheng continued: "In addition to Shen Kuo and Su Song, there were many important figures in the Song Dynasty, and many of them made great contributions to the development and innovation of science and technology at that time. Although mechanically driven Jili drum carts have been used since the Han Dynasty, the History of the Song Dynasty provides a more detailed and in-depth description than previous accounts.

Red, painted flowers and birds on all sides, heavy platform, hook, arch. If you go for one mile, the upper wooden people will beat the drums, and if you go ten miles, the second wooden people will beat the bracelets. One wheel, phoenix head, driving four horses. The old eighteen drivers, Taizong Yongxi four years, increased to thirty.

This is followed by a detailed number of gears and transmissions by the chamberlain Lu Daolong. At the end, how the device works is described:

"Among them, the flat wheel rotates for a week, the car travels for one mile, and the next layer of wooden people beat the drum; the upper flat wheel rotates for a week, the car travels ten miles, and the upper layer of wooden people beat the bracelet. Where the use of large and small wheels, two hundred and eighty-five teeth, hand hook lock, dog tooth system, cycle and repeat. ”

The principle of the guide car is that a wooden figure on the car indicates the direction. No matter where the car turns, the wooden man's hand always points to the south, "although the car is back, the hand is always guided". In the Song Dynasty, the drum car and the guide car were linked. Invented by Ma Jun, a mechanical builder during the Three Kingdoms period, the guide car uses the principle of gears to make a complex differential gear, which is also the principle that all modern cars have the same torque and different speeds for the rotating wheels when turning. These differential gears point the fingers of the mechanical controller in a fixed direction – south. Unlike the compass, which uses the principle of magnetic poles. Yan Su, a naturalist of the Song Dynasty, redeveloped the guide car in 1027, and his method of making zuò is also recorded in the History of the Song Dynasty. Yan Su, like Shen Kuo and Su Song, was also a generalist, proficient in music and rhythm, good at writing poems and paintings, he was also a scientist, improved the lotus carving, drew the "Sea Tide Map" according to his own sea tide theory, and wrote the "Sea Tide Theory". In the "History of the Song Dynasty", Wu Deren combined the Jili drum car and the guide car in 1107:

"In the first year of Daguan, Wu Deren of the Inner Servant Province offered a guide car, the system of the drum car in the memory, the two cars were completed, and the annual ritual was first used", the biggest benefit of this kind of car gave birth to the development of other meritorious undertakings.

In addition, the Song Dynasty had the largest sailing fleet and merchant fleet in human history, and frequently sailed to Arabia, East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Japan and Korea in East Asia. The number of cities with more than 100,000 households in the Song Dynasty increased from more than 10 in the Tang Dynasty to 40, and Bianjing and Lin'an became the fourth and fifth cities in the world with a population of more than one million after Chang'an, Luoyang and Nanjing.

In the Song Dynasty, "there were millions of households in Biandu, all of them relied on coal, and there was no one who burned wages"

During the Song Dynasty, Shenzong minted 5.06 million guan of coinage every year, while Xuanzong Dynasty, which was extremely prosperous in the Tang Dynasty, minted 320,000 guan of coinage.

During the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the annual commercial tax revenue reached 19.75 million yuan, and the commercial tax in the Song Dynasty was very light, with a residential tax of 3% and a tax of 2%, such as an average of 2. 5%, the annual taxable commodity amount will reach 80000000, an average of more than 8 per person.

At the end of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, only Guangzhou, Quanzhou, and the three cities of Zhejiang and Zhejiang had a tariff revenue of 2 million guan, and the Song Dynasty only levied 7%-10% tariffs on imported goods, that is to say, the annual import tax goods imported from the above three cities alone reached 20 million to 30 million guan, so it is estimated that the per capita import and export volume of the Southern Song Dynasty should be more than 1 guan, and may even reach 2 guan or more. It can be seen that science and technology is the primary productive force is not an empty word, but a real feeling, if there is no Huang Daopo to change the weaving machine, people can wear such a beautiful satin, not necessarily?"

Although Yang Pu felt that Yang Zheng's words exaggerated the role of science and technology in the Song Dynasty, he had to admit that the science and technology of the Song Dynasty did bring a leap forward in the development of the Song Dynasty. Its method: engrave words with cement, as thin as a money lip, each word is a seal, and the fire is strong. First set up an iron plate, on which pine resin, wax and paper ash and the like are rising. If you want to print, then put an iron fan on the iron plate, which is densely covered with word prints, and the full iron fan is a plate, hold it on the fire, and the medicine is slightly melted, then a flat plate is pressed on its surface, and the word is as flat as a stone. If you stop printing three or two copies, it will not be easy, and if you print tens of thousands of copies, it will be extremely fast. ”

Movable type printing and engraving printing reduced costs and increased the number of printed matter issued. This also means that more students can learn knowledge and take the imperial examination. Back then, he benefited from this kind of printing, only to read a lot of books, and he was successful in his studies, otherwise he might not be able to be admitted to the Jinshi and be a very good minister, so Yang Zheng's words, he thought about it carefully, and felt that there was some truth, and thought about it: "It is true that the Song Dynasty used science and technology to rejuvenate the country, but people don't have any logic?"

Yang Zheng laughed and said: "Ge Lao is wrong, the theory of logic is a tool of science in the end, and the lower officials are doing this, not to make logic the same as science, but to use logic to break the current situation of stagnant water, so as to drive the development of Daming science and technology, and achieve the goal of enriching the country and strengthening the people."

Yang Pu said: "This idea is not bad, I am afraid that it is not easy to put it into practice, now that science is deeply rooted, if you want to break this situation, you have to do it in ten or twenty years, can you think about it?"

Yang Zheng said: "Big trees don't grow in a day, the so-called ten years of trees, a hundred years of education, science is not the development of hundreds of years, there is today's situation, I just need to be good, ten years, twenty years, what's the matter?"

"You kid know how to demagogue?" Yang Pu's eyes were hot, today's young people are dedicated to being officials, and it is rare for them to think like this to do something for the court and the people, just rush to this point, the old man strongly supports logic!

Yang Zheng said, "So the lower official will thank the Pavilion Boss?"

Yang Pu waved his hand and said, "Come less, if the old man can't see any results after decades, I want to pat my ass and leave?"

Logic is a tool science, as long as such a study can be opened, it is indispensable, so decades later, he believes that there will be a new scene in the Ming Dynasty, which he has absolute confidence in, and nodded vigorously and said: "Don't worry, there will be something you want to see!"

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