The whole world calls me "Tao" big (1), and it seems to be unscrupulous (2). The husband is only big, so it seems to be unscrupulous. I have three treasures (4), and I will keep them: one is kindness, the second is thrift (5), and the third is not daring to be the first in the world. Kindness can be brave (6), thrift can be broad (7), dare not be the first in the world, so can become a long instrument (8). Now give mercy and (9) bravery, give up frugality and broad, give up the last and first, die! Husband, win by battle (10), and be solid by the code. Heaven will save it and defend it with mercy.

[Translation]

People in the world can say that "my way" is great, unlike the appearance of any concrete thing. It's because it's great that it's not like anything concrete. If it is like any concrete thing, then the Tao is very small. I have three Dharma weapons to keep and protect it: the first is loving-kindness, the second is frugality, and the third is not daring to be in front of the rest of the world. With this gentleness, you can be brave, with frugality, you can be generous, and you dare not be ahead of the people in the world, so you can become the head of all things. Now we have abandoned gentleness and pursued bravery, abandoned frugality and pursued generosity, and abandoned concessions and sought to be the first, and the result was death. Loving-kindness, when used to fight, can be victorious, and when used to defend, it can be strengthened. Whoever Heaven will help, protect him with tenderness.

[Notes]

1. My Tao is big: the Tao is me, and I am the Tao. "I" is not a word that Lao Tzu uses to refer to himself.

2. Seeming not to be Xiao: Xiao, the meaning of similarity. It means something that is not like something concrete. In one word, nothing resembles me.

3, Ruo Xiao, a long time and its details: The above paragraph, some scholars believe that it is a mistake and simplification.

4. Three Treasures: Three Dharma Weapons, or Three Principles.

5. Thrifty: stingy, conservative, and inexhaustible.

6. Kindness can be brave: Kindness can be brave.

7. Thrifty can be wide: thrifty so can be generous.

8. Instrument length: Instrument, refers to all things. The Chief of All Things.

9. And: take.

10. Win by war: one book is "death by battle".

[Quote]

This chapter is a self-description of the "Dao", and talks about the specific application of the principles of the "Dao" in politics and military affairs. Lao Tzu said that there are three principles of "Tao" (i.e., the Three Jewels), namely: "compassion", that is, love and sympathy, "frugality", that is, concealment and cultivation, not extravagance, and not wantonness, and "dare not be the first in the world", which is the idea of "humility" and "indisputability". Those who have the Tao can achieve very good results by applying these three principles, otherwise they will bring about their own destruction. This chapter is actually a summary of the thirty-eight chapters of the Book of Virtues.

[Commentary]

This chapter consists of two parts: one is to talk about the greatness of the Tao, and the other is to talk about the wonderful use of the Dharma Jewel. Some scholars believe that there is no connection between the two, and there is no correspondence, obviously because it is wrong and simplified, and think that it can be moved to chapter 34, so that it can become its greatness. Our view is somewhat different from this assertion, which is that the two levels echo each other and are intrinsically linked. For example, the first and second sentences say that the whole world says that my way is great, not like anything concrete,...... What kind of magic weapon does my great "Tao" have to protect oneself? These are "compassion," "frugality," and "not daring to be the first in the world." Isn't this the intrinsic connection between the two meanings? "Compassion" contains the meaning of gentleness and cherishing. Chapter 40 talks about "the use of the way for the weak"; chapter 43 talks about "the softest in the world, and the strongest in galloping the world"; chapter 52 talks about "keeping the soft and saying the strong"; chapter 45 talks about "being quiet is the right thing in the world"; chapter 55 talks about "harmony", and chapter 61 "always defeats the peony with tranquility" and so on, all of which can be included in the scope of "compassion." "Wu Wei" is the highest summary of Lao Tzu's political thought, and another term for "Ci" is "Wu Wei". "Compassion" is the first principle of the Three Jewels, and if you attack with compassion, you can win, and if you retreat, you can be strong. If Heaven wants to save anyone, defend him with compassion.

The connotation of "frugality" has two layers, one is thrift and miserliness, and the other is restraint and restraint. Chapter 59 talks about "governing people and heaven, Mo Ruoqi", which has the same meaning as "frugality" here. Thrift is stingy. He asked people not only to save manpower and material resources, but also to gather spirit, accumulate energy, and wait for the opportunity. "Don't dare to be the first in the world" also has two meanings, one is not to fight, humble and humble, and the other is to retreat and live down. Chapter 61 talks about "the big state is indecent," and chapter 66 talks about the rivers and seas "being good," both of which mean that they are not the first in the world. This is in line with the principle of the Tao. In short, the "Three Treasures" such as "Compassion", "Thrift", and "Don't dare to be the first in the world" are Lao Tzu's summary of the social practice of "Tao" and "Virtue". Lao Tzu was in the midst of war, witnessed too many violent and cruel scenes, and deeply felt that governing the country and the country was inseparable from these three treasures, so he tried his best to expound them.

[Quote]

This chapter is a self-description of the "Dao", and talks about the specific application of the principles of the "Dao" in politics and military affairs. Lao Tzu said that there are three principles of "Tao" (i.e., the Three Jewels), namely: "compassion", that is, love and sympathy, "frugality", that is, concealment and cultivation, not extravagance, and not wantonness, and "dare not be the first in the world", which is the idea of "humility" and "indisputability". Those who have the Tao can achieve very good results by applying these three principles, otherwise they will bring about their own destruction. This chapter is actually a summary of the thirty-eight chapters of the Book of Virtues.

[Commentary]

This chapter consists of two parts: one is to talk about the greatness of the Tao, and the other is to talk about the wonderful use of the Dharma Jewel. Some scholars believe that there is no connection between the two, and there is no correspondence, obviously because it is wrong and simplified, and think that it can be moved to chapter 34, so that it can become its greatness. Our view is somewhat different from this assertion, which is that the two levels echo each other and are intrinsically linked. For example, the first and second sentences say that the whole world says that my way is great, not like anything concrete,...... What kind of magic weapon does my great "Tao" have to protect oneself? These are "compassion," "frugality," and "not daring to be the first in the world." Isn't this the intrinsic connection between the two meanings? "Compassion" contains the meaning of gentleness and cherishing. Chapter 40 talks about "the use of the way for the weak"; chapter 43 talks about "the softest in the world, and the strongest in galloping the world"; chapter 52 talks about "keeping the soft and saying the strong"; chapter 45 talks about "being quiet is the right thing in the world"; chapter 55 talks about "harmony", and chapter 61 "always defeats the peony with tranquility" and so on, all of which can be included in the scope of "compassion." "Wu Wei" is the highest summary of Lao Tzu's political thought, and another term for "Ci" is "Wu Wei". "Compassion" is the first principle of the Three Jewels, and if you attack with compassion, you can win, and if you retreat, you can be strong. If Heaven wants to save anyone, defend him with compassion.

The connotation of "frugality" has two layers, one is thrift and miserliness, and the other is restraint and restraint. Chapter 59 talks about "governing people and heaven, Mo Ruoqi", which has the same meaning as "frugality" here. Thrift is stingy. He asked people not only to save manpower and material resources, but also to gather spirit, accumulate energy, and wait for the opportunity. "Don't dare to be the first in the world" also has two meanings, one is not to fight, humble and humble, and the other is to retreat and live down. Chapter 61 speaks of "the great state's indecentness"66; )