I didn't speak, I got up and stretched, looking at the beautiful scenery, looking at the two of them and laughing: "Let's go......"

"Eh, you said that this Mongolia used to be our own territory, such a beautiful place, it's a pity." I said with regret.

Located north of the People's Republic of China and south of the Russian Federation, it is a landlocked country in Asia. The capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar, and its zhengzhi system is a parliamentary republic. Historically, the territory of Mongolia has long belonged to our country.

Mongolia has been ruled by nomadic peoples such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, and Turkic in history. In 1206, Genghis Khan established the Mongol Empire; In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty; At the end of the 17th century, it was included in the rule of the Qing Dynasty. In 1926, the facts were obtained. In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was established under the control of the former Soviet Union. In February 1992, the country was renamed "Mongolia".

Before the 7th century AD, the Mongol ancestors lived in the area of the Ergun River, and later moved west to the upper reaches of the Onon River, along the Birhan Mountains (Great Kent Mountains) and the Krulun River. By the twelfth century AD, the Mongols had scattered in the upper reaches of the three rivers of the present-day Onun River, the Krulun River, and the Tula River, as well as the area east of the Kent Mountains, and branched out into tribes such as Qiyan, Zataran, and Taichiwu. In addition, in the Mongolian steppes and in the forests around Lake Baikal, there are also Tatars, Ongira, Mirbeg, Trangu, Kereh, Naman, and Wangu tribes. The nomadic herders on the steppes are called "felt tents" and are mainly engaged in animal husbandry; The people who live in the forest area are called "people of the woods" and are mainly engaged in fishing and hunting. In the 11th century, an alliance was formed headed by the Tatars, so that "Tatar" or "Tatar" became the common name for the Mongolian steppe tribes for a time. In the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties, the Mongolian part of Mobei was called Black Tatar, and the Mongolian part of Monan was called White Tatar. At the beginning of the 13th century, after Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes, he gradually merged into a new ethnic community, and "Mongolia" changed from the name of the original tribe to the name of the nation.

In 1271, Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty, and in 1279, he destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty to unify China. In 1368, the Ming army conquered the capital of Yuan, the Yuan Dynasty fell, and Yuan Huizong fled north to continue to use the name of "Dayuan", known as the Northern Yuan in history, and the Northern Yuan perished in 1402. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia was divided into many departments, and later, according to the area where they lived, it was gradually formed into three major parts, namely: the Mongolians distributed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the three northeastern provinces were called Monan Mongolia, that is, the Horqin Department; The Mongolia distributed in the territory of present-day Mongolia is called Mobei Mongolia, that is, the Khalkha Department, and the Mongolia distributed in the areas of Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu is called Moxi Mongolia, that is, the Oirat Department, also known as Erut (Erut) Mongolia.

Through the efforts of Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, the Ming Dynasty drove the Mongol forces to the edge of the desert and consolidated its rule over the Central Plains, but it did not fundamentally eliminate the Mongol threat to its northern border. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, different Mongol subordinates launched continuous invasions and raids on the northwestern frontier of the Ming Dynasty, and reached the highest Gaochao during the Jiajing period. In the Longqing period, the Ming Dynasty government was forced to reach a historic "Longqing Peace Conference" with the right wing of Monan Mongolia in the south of the country. The Mongols accepted the title of the king and bowed down to the Ming Dynasty, and normal Zhengzhi exchanges and economic trade between the two sides began, which made the northwest border of the Ming Dynasty tranquil for a long time. At the same time, after the "Longqing Peace Conference", the Ming Dynasty government implemented a policy of "refusing tribute" to the left wing of Mongolia from a strategic point of view according to the formation of the left-wing and right-wing pattern of the Mongol forces in southern Mongol. This policy and measure intensified the invasion and harassment of the Mongolian left wing in the border areas of Liaodong (present-day Liaoning in northeast China) of the Ming Dynasty, and the Ming government began to gradually change the policy of "refusing tribute" to the Mongolian left wing during the Wanli period, and realized mutual trade with it in an adaptable way, and at the same time made strategic fine-tuning of the policy of the Mongolian right wing, in order to further consolidate the trade relationship with the Mongolian right wing.

In 1624, the Mongol Korqin tribe first became a vassal of the Later Jin. By 1771, the Turkut tribe was annexed under the leadership of Wubasi, and the rest of the Mongolian tribes were included in the territory of the Qing Dynasty except for Briyat and Kalmykia, which were ruled by Russia. Among them, in 1660, the Kulen Living Buddha made a policy of annexing to the Qing Dynasty and not to Tsarist Russia, which affected the Mongolian Zhengzhi pattern for hundreds of years. In 1733, Mobei Mongolia (present-day Mongolia) was under the jurisdiction of General Uriya Sutai and was a provincial-level administrative region. In 1761, the Minister of Kulen was appointed, and the civil affairs of the Tushetu Khan and the Chechen Khan were transferred to the management of the Kulen Minister; In the same year, the Counsellor of Kobdo was placed in charge of Kobdo. After that, General Uriya Sutai still supervised the civil affairs of the Saiyin Noyan Division, the Second Department of the Zasaktu Khan Division, and the Tangnu Ulianghai Division, and commanded the Mongol troops of the Fourth Khalkha Division, the Tangnu Ulianghai and the Kobdo Division.

On December 28, 1911, Outer Mongolia declared "duli", and Tsarist Russia regarded itself as the protector of Mongolia. After the abdication of the Qing Emperor, the Beiyang government continued to negotiate with Tsarist Russia and signed the Sino-Russian-Mongolian Entente on June 7, 1915, barely retaining its sovereignty over Outer Mongolia in the legal sense. In the summer of 1919, the feudal upper strata of Mongolia, headed by Jebtsundamba, began negotiations with the Beiyang government of China on the abolition of "autonomy." In November, the "autonomous" government of Outer Mongolia was revoked and petitioned for the restoration of the old system, and the Chinese government agreed to this request, declared the document between China and Russia on the autonomy of Outer Mongolia null and void, canonized Jebtsundamba as Bogdor Khan, and sent Xu Shuzheng, the border guard envoy in the northwest, to lead an army into Outer Mongolia and restore territorial sovereignty. After the outbreak of the Zhiwan War, the main force of the Xu army was transferred back from Mongolia to Guannei to participate in the warlord melee, and only a small number of troops were stationed in Kulen and the trading city (present-day Altan Prague) on the Mongolian-Russian border north of it. On February 3, 1921, Umkanlun's troops defeated our garrison, occupied Kulen, and installed the 8th Jebtsundamba to re-ascend the throne of "Mongol Emperor" and established the so-called "autonomous government". On July 10, the constitutional Mongolian monarchy in Kulen with Jebtsundamba as emperor was formally established and duli was proclaimed. The next day, which was later designated as the National Day of Mongolia, and the day of the liberation of the city was set as the founding day of the Mongolian People's Army. In 1924, the Chinese Government and the Soviet Russian Government signed the "Agreement on the Outline of the Settlement of Outstanding Cases," which still stipulates that Outer Mongolia is a part of China's territory and that China enjoys territorial sovereignty. In May 1924, the 8th Jebtsundamba fell ill and died. A month later, Mongolia abolished the constitutional monarchy, established a republic, and established the Mongolian People's Republic.

This book is derived from Kanshu.com