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Zen science

One of the Chinese Buddhist sects.

Bodhidharma is the ancestor of China, so it is also called Bodhidharma sect; It is also known as the Buddha's Heart Sect because of its self-proclaimed Buddha's Heart Seal. It is named after meditation as the entire practice of Buddhism. The purpose is to thoroughly see the inherent Buddha nature through the method of inquiry.

According to legend, Bodhidharma (the late Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty) was founded, Bodhidharma was active in Luoyang at the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, advocating the principle of meditation of two into four elements, and teaching disciples with the "Ranga Sutra". The disciple has Hui Ke, and the monk can be passed on again. The disciple of Chan is the Taoist faith. The disciple of the faith, Hongren, established the Dongshan method and was the five ancestors of Zen Buddhism. His subordinates went to the two capitals to preach the Dharma, and their names were important for a while. Among them, Shenxiu and Huineng were divided into the Northern Sect and the Southern Sect. Shenxiu lived in Jingzhou Yuquan Temple, entered Beijing in his later years, and was a teacher of the Three Empires, and his disciples were Songshan Pu Lin and Zhongnan Mountain Yifu; Huineng lives in Caoxi Baolin Temple in Shaozhou, and there are many people under the door, and Huineng is the sixth ancestor. At that time, it was called "South Energy North Show". The Northern Sect advocates the gradual cultivation of "Buddha dust to see the purity", which declines after a few transmissions; The Southern Sect has a wide inheritance and has become the orthodoxy of Zen Buddhism, with the "Ranga Sutra", "Diamond Sutra", and "Mahayana Theory of Belief" as the main doctrinal basis, and the representative is the "Sutra of the Altar of the Six Patriarchs".

The Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng is the true founder of Zen Buddhism, advocating that the teaching should not be passed on outside the teaching, not to establish words, and to advocate the pure nature of the mind, the inherent nature of the Buddha, the direct pointing to the human heart, and the Buddha by seeing the nature. This was a major reform in the history of Buddhism in the world, especially in the history of Buddhism in China. After Huineng, Zen Buddhism spread widely and reached its peak in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Zen Buddhism brought the development of Chinese Buddhism to its peak and had a significant impact on the development of ancient Chinese culture. Zen Buddhism is characterized by its high degree of rationalization and almost complete lack of theology. The practice of Zen Buddhism is characterized by the unity of concentration and wisdom. Later generations of Zen Buddhism flowed into Zen language and tongue debate, which violated the original intention of Zen Buddhism. Zen Buddhism emphasizes the use of the mind and aims to see the nature of the mind, and has made great contributions to the theory and methods of Chinese Qigong.

According to legend, the dispute between the two sects of the north and the south began with the five ancestors Hongren selecting the heirs of the disciples. Shenxiu wrote: "The body is a Bodhi tree, and the heart is like a mirror; Always wipe diligently, don't make dust. "I don't think I have seen my true nature. Huineng also made a sideline: "Bodhi has no tree, and the mirror is not a platform; There was nothing in the first place, where to stir up dust. "Forbearance thought that he wanted to get his Zen heart, so he secretly gave his Dharma clothes and recognized his status as the heir. In the future, the North Sect Master brushed the dust to see the gradual cultivation of purity; Nanzong advocates enlightenment and instant Buddhahood. It is believed that the right way to practice meditation is to abandon the words, go straight to the source of the heart, realize the words at the moment, and suddenly see the truth as the true nature. Its Zen method can be summarized as giving birth to its mind without dwelling, that is, from the concentration of wisdom.

The most famous of Huineng's disciples were Nanyue Huairang (677~744) and Qingyuan Xingsi (?) ～740）。 There is also a god will live in Luoyang Heze Temple, create Heze Sect, and be respected as the seven ancestors. Under the door, there are Cizhou Zhiru, Yizhou Nanyin and so on. Huai let live in Nanyue Hengshan, create the Nanyue system. Qingyuan lives in Ji'an, Jiangxi, and creates a Qingyuan lineage. Huairang's disciple Daoyi (709~788) was honored as Matsu. Its subordinate Huaihai has the greatest influence, called Hongzhou Zen. Huaihai disciples have Huang Bai Xiyun and Weishan Lingyou. Yixuan, a person from Xiyunmen (?) ~867) founded the Rinzai sect in Zhenzhou, Hebei. Lingyou and his disciple Yangshan Huilian (814~890) founded the Weiyang Sect. Xingsi Sect under the stone Xiqian (700~790) a coefficient passed to the good price of Dongshan, and then passed to Cao Shan Ben Lone, and the master and apprentice jointly created the Cao Dong Sect. Another disciple of Xiqian, Emperor Daowu, passed on to Yicun (822~908), and his disciple Beizhi re-transmitted Wenyi (885~958) to create the Dharma Eye Sect and live in Jinling Qingliang Temple; Shi Bei Tongmen Wen Yan (?) ~949) lived in Yunmen Mountain, Shaozhou, and created the Yunmen Sect. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, Zen Buddhism flourished. After the Two Song Dynasty, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism converged, and the style of Zen Buddhism changed slightly. A large number of "public cases" and "ancient recitation" writings have been published. In the Song Dynasty, the Rinzai sect was divided into Yang Qizong founded by Fanghui (992~1049) and Huanglongzong founded by Huinan (1002~1069). After the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the situation of Zen net confluence was completed, and Zen Buddhism declined.

The flow of Zen Buddhism into Korea began with the Silla monk Nobuyuki (704~779) under the Shinso sect, and it was preached as the Northern Zen sect. The doctrine of Matsu's disciples brought Nanzong Zen to Korea (820). Vietnamese Zen Buddhism was the earliest of the Tianxi Zen sect, which was the branch of the Vini Duoliu (?) who received Zen Buddhism from the monks. ~594). During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Japanese monk Rongxi received the Dharma in Tiantai Mountain, and the Zen Linji Huanglong School was introduced to Japan; At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chinese monks traveled east to Japan and passed on Yang Qi's Zen teachings. At the beginning of the 13th century, the Japanese monk Michigen brought the Soto Zen method to Japan. Later, from Baizhang Huaihai to receive the Zen method of the wordless Tong to create the Wuyan Tong Zen School; Later, there were the Caotang Zen school (11th century) of the Huanglong system (Yunmen system) and the Zhulin Zen school (late 13th century) of the Rinzai system. In the 17th century, Fujian Huangbari Mountain Wanfu Temple Yinyuan Longqi was invited to Japan to preach the Dharma, set up an altar to teach Zen precepts, and became the Huangbari sect in Japan and Caodong, Linji, which has not declined to this day.

The development of Zen Buddhism is mainly divided into "five schools and seven schools":

Wei Yangzong. Weishan Lingyou and his disciple Yangshan Huilian were founded in Weishan Miyin Temple in Ningxiang, Hunan. Wei Ye Zong emphasizes the difference between function and use, faith and person, and words and spirit. Weishan is exactly the same as Zhuangzi in this point of getting carried away.

Rinzai sect. Yifeng Huangbai Temple (now in Jiangxi), the abbot of Huangbai Xiyun Zen Master, first emerged, and Yixuan learned the law from Xiyun for 33 years to Zhenzhou (Zhengding, Hebei) to build Linji Temple. It was named after the Linji Temple in Zhenzhou (where the government is located in present-day Zhengding, Hebei). The Linji sect was passed to the Chuyuan sect, and it was divided into the Huanglong faction and the Yangqi faction. The Rinzai sect believes that the unseated real person is the true self.

Soto sect. Founded by Dongshan Liangbei and his disciple Cao Shan Ben Shan, Liang Price Zen Master Zhi is located in Dongshan, Yifeng County, Jiangxi Province, and Liang Price's disciple Ben Lin studied the Fa in the Puli Academy of Yuzhang Dongshan (now in Jiangxi) for several years, and then went to Caoshan (now in Yihuang, Jiangxi) to teach the teachings. Because the good price lives in Dongshan and the lonely residence in Caoshan, the new Zen Buddhism founded and promoted by the master and apprentice in the Zen forest is called "Caodong Buddhism". Soto sect uses self-forgetfulness to complete self-realization.

Cloud Gate Sect. Wen Yan was founded. It was named after the Guangtai Monastery where Wen Yan lived in Yunmen Mountain in Shaozhou (in the north of today's Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County, Guangdong). On the one hand, the Cloud Gate Sect was at ease in Wuji, and on the other hand, it returned to the world.

Dharma Eye Sect. Wenyi was founded. Li Jing, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, gave him the name of "* eye Zen master". The Dharma Eye Sect is entirely based on Zhuangzi's "Heaven and earth are born together with me, and all things are one with me".

Yellow Dragon Sect. Huinan was founded. It was named because it lived in Huanglongshan (in present-day Nanchang City, Jiangxi).

Yang Qi faction. Fang will be founded. It was named after Yang Qishan (in the north of present-day Pingxiang County, Jiangxi).

Zen study

Zen Buddhism, like all living traditions, is full of many myths and legends, so the development of Zen is naturally related to Shakyamuni Buddha.

It is said that once, Shakyamuni said the Dharma at the Lingshan Meeting, he held a flower and faced everyone, without saying a word, and then the audience looked at each other and did not know why. Only Kaye smiled knowingly. So Shakyamuni said happily:

"I have □□ eyes to hide, Nirvana wonderful mind, reality without reality, subtle methods, no writing, don't teach outside the teaching, pay instructions to the Mahakasya."

Thus Zen was born between a flower and a smile. You may think that this story is too beautiful, but it may not be true; And I think it's because it's so beautiful, it can't be fake. The life of Zen does not depend on historical facts. Whoever created this story, it is clear that he has grasped the spirit of Zen – that the flowers smile and the flowers bloom.

Kasya, who is said to be the first ancestor of Indian Zen, passed down twenty-seven generations after him, and Zhidharma is the twenty-eighth ancestor and the last ancestor of Indian Zen. Since Bodhidharma came to China, he has become the first ancestor of Chinese Zen. Therefore, Bodhidharma can be said to be a bridge between Chinese and Indian ideas in the history of Zen Buddhism.

According to the research of the 28 ancestors of Indian Zen, the legal system was fabricated by later generations (translated by Dr. Hu Shi in the biography of Master Heze's divine association), and there is no record of the Indian Zen legal system in Sanskrit. The word "Zen" in Zen Buddhism was originally derived from the transliteration of the Sanskrit word "Zenna", but the meaning is very different. "Zen" refers to a kind of concentration of the mind, refers to a kind of layered meditation, while "Zen" refers to a kind of comprehension of the ontology, or a reference to the nature of oneself, as understood by the Chinese patriarchs. They repeatedly reminded their students that meditation and contemplation would lead to the loss of the spirit of Zen.

Dr. Hu Shih once said:

"Chinese Zen does not come from the Indian yoga or Zena, on the contrary, it is a revolution in yoga or Zen."

Maybe this is not a purposeful revolution, but a natural transformation, but whether it is a revolution or a transformation, it is a fact that "Zen" is not the same as "Zenna". Dr. Daisuke Suzuki once said, "There is no Zen like what we call Zen today in India." ”

He believes that the Chinese interpret Zen as an epiphany, which is a creative idea, and it is enough to prove that the Chinese are not willing to swallow the date to absorb Indian Buddhism, he said: "The Chinese's practical imagination created Zen, so that they get the greatest satisfaction in the emotion of salvation." ”

In the author's opinion, the formation of Zen Buddhism was first promoted by Mahayana Buddhism, otherwise the revival of Taoist thought such as Lao Zhuang alone would not be enough to constitute the vigorous spirit of Zen Buddhism. However, it seems to be contradictory, but due to the promotion of Mahayana Buddhism, Lao Zhuang's thorough insights have been revived and developed in the way of Zen. Mr. Tom Silent once said with great insight: "The Zen master of the Tang Dynasty is the one who really inherited the influence of Zhuangzi's thought." ”

We can also say that the most fundamental understanding of Zen masters is consistent with Lao Zhuang's insights, and the first and second chapters of the Tao Te Ching speak of the metaphysical foundation of Zen. As for the relationship between Zen and Zhuangzi, Dr. Suzuki analyzed it very clearly, saying, "The most obvious characteristic of a Zen master is the emphasis on inner self-evidence. This kind of self-proof is exactly the same as Zhuangzi's sitting and forgetting, Xinzhai and Chaoche. ”

If this is true, then the fundamental spirit of Zhuangzi is the core of Zen. The only difference is that Zhuangzi remains in pure enlightenment, while Zen develops into a training that leads to enlightenment; This training is also a special contribution to Japanese Zen today.

Therefore, understanding the realm of Zhuangzi's mind, sitting and forgetting, and chao will help us understand the essence of Zen, which will be explained separately in the following pen.

1 Shinsai:

It is said that Yan Hui once wanted to go to the country to lobby, Confucius poured him a basin of cold water, thinking that his kung fu has not yet achieved the realm of pure and unchaotic, if he rashly admonishes, not only is it useless, but harmful, so Yan Hui asked Confucius for advice, Confucius told him to "heart fasting" and said: "If you are willing, you don't listen to your ears, but you listen to your heart, you don't listen to your heart, you listen to your heart, you listen to your heart, you listen to your heart, you listen to your ears, and your heart stops at Fu; Those who are angry are also those who are empty and treat things, only the Tao gathers emptiness, and the empty ones are fast. ”

Once, Yan Hui told Confucius that his kung fu had improved so much that he had forgotten benevolence and righteousness, and that Confucius thought he was not profound enough. A few days later, he told Confucius that he had forgotten about the rites and music, but Confucius still did not approve of it. Then 166 Reading.com