93. The origin of cement, refining cement raw materials (one more)
The white barrier is the barrier that envelops the fairy fruit tree, and you can't see anything inside from the outside, but you can see the outside from the inside. Ren Xiaoyao did this because he was not alone in the space now, there was also Ren Shiting. I'm afraid that Ren Shiting will suddenly come to the river, so it will be embarrassing.
Through the barrier, Ren Xiaoyao looked at the gray-white stones and yellow-brown mud on the shore, and sent a message to the space, asking the space to burn the gray-white stone at 1200 degrees, and dry the mud.
I saw two white rays of light falling from the sky, shining on the stone and the mud respectively. The stones and mud rose slowly, and when they rose into the air, they stopped, and a strong orange-yellow light shone on the gray and white stones, and I saw that the stones changed from grayish white to pale white to milky white, and finally only to pure white, and the stones continued to disperse, from a large one to many small pure white stones.
The yellow-brown mud rose to another piece of mid-air, only to see a black wind blowing all the mud, the mud was attacked by a strong wind, the moisture on the surface quickly disappeared, from the original yellow-brown, into a light yellow-brown, as time passed, more and more cracks on the mud, inadvertently split.
The off-white stone is the limestone from which the lime is made. It was a large number of mountain roads that Ren Xiaoyao walked in three days, and dug out of a very steep mountain with a lot of stones. The yellow-brown mud mass is clay, which was sifted out by Ren Xiaoyao from a small amount of impurities for more than ten meters.
Cement is mainly composed of lime and clay, and lime was used as a building material in ancient China for a long time. Take the Great Wall of the Qin Dynasty, for example, it was built in sections, first mixing a small amount of lime, mixing two parts of sand and small stones into the middle of two layers of wooden planks, and then using a wooden mallet to ram the mixture in the middle of the planks until it was strong, and then pouring water on it. After two or three days, the mixture inside solidifies and becomes a simple "cement".
The Great Wall built in this way is naturally not comparable with modern concrete, and it may be weathered and collapsed after a long time, and now we can no longer see a relatively complete Great Wall of Qin.
It was not only the ancient Chinese who used lime as a building material. Ancient Egypt used lime in the construction of pyramids, and ancient Rome used lime in the construction of cities, and they mixed sand into the slimy hydrated lime, so that the mixture sucked carbon dioxide into the air and turned into calcium carbonate, so as to firmly bond the bricks and gravel together.
The ancient Romans also pioneered the use of volcanic ash as a building material. Volcanic ash contains mainly silicate material, which is a fine powder of underground lava and is not induration in itself. However, the careful ancient Romans discovered that if volcanic ash was mixed with lime and clay and poured with water, it was a very adhesive building material. Moreover, the material can be hardened even in water, which can be used for underwater construction.
Unfortunately, volcanoes do not occur everywhere and erupt every day, and volcanic ash is very limited after all, so the most used building material is still lime. It is inconceivable that this building material, which seems so simple to the eyes of today, could shine in the hands of the ancient Romans. For example, the Pantheon in ancient Rome, built in the early 2nd century AD, had a circular base and a diameter of 43 meters as the height of the dome from the ground.
Lime was used for thousands of years, until "bad luck" happened to Smirton. That is, when natural cement - simple cement was introduced.
In 1756, a lighthouse on the Channel Islands of England suddenly caught fire and burned down. This is really fatal, you must know that this is the most important lighthouse at the southern end of the English Channel, without which it would affect the navigation of countless ships. The British government ordered engineer Smirton to rebuild the lighthouse as quickly as possible.
Smithton immediately ordered the limestone to be transported to the island where the lighthouse was located, so that the limestone from the island could be burned and rebuilt from the island. Having completed similar projects many times, Smithton is confident that the rebuilding mission will be completed on time.
Two weeks later, the limestone arrived, and Smitton rushed to the unloading dock in high spirits. When he saw these limestones sent across the mountains and seas, he couldn't help but exclaim: "It's really unlucky, why is this stone black?" It is mixed with too much earth, and isn't it a joke to build a high-standard lighthouse with such inferior raw materials? However, time did not allow him to transport any more high-quality limestone, so Smithton had to use these inferior raw materials for firing.
Unexpectedly, Smithton was a blessing in disguise. The lime burned from this batch of limestone is surprisingly good, and the stone is cemented to a point that has never been stronger. When the overseer informed Smith of the unexpected result, he jumped in surprise. Then he calmed down again, "There is a famous hall in this lime, you have to check it." Smithton immediately examined the limes and found them to be impure, containing up to about 20 percent clay.
"It seems that it is these clays, which are considered impurities, that play a good role." Later, Smilton consciously calcined the clay with the limestone, and the lime properties were indeed ideal. Smithton happily recounted his experience.
Smithton's practice soon spread throughout Europe and aroused the interest of many people, and people imitated it with great success. Around 1820, when the Russian architect Cheryev was working in the Moscow region, he used this method to burn lime and build many buildings, the most famous of which was to restore the walls of the Kremlin.
"Can you make it better?" An English craftsman named Yasputin attempted to improve on Smirton's invention. He thought of the ancient Romans' practice of adding volcanic ash to lime in order to enhance the cohesion of lime, so he came up with a new idea: volcanic ash is the product of rock melting at high temperature, so is it similar to volcanic ash when grinding pottery, brick and tile chips into fine powder?
Yasputin tried it, and it worked well. Later, he thought that the cinder after the high-temperature combustion of coal and the high-temperature smelting slag flowing from the iron-making blast furnace might also have similar functions, and the test also confirmed that his idea was right.
In 1824, on the basis of trial and error, Yasputin summed up the ratio between various raw materials such as lime, clay, slag, etc., and the method of producing this mixture. Yasputin patented his invention, which was used to produce what we call "cement" today. Because the color and strength of Yasputin's cement after hardening were similar to the stone produced on Portland Island in England at that time, people called it "Portland cement".
Ren Xiaoyao recalled the origin of cement, while looking at the limestone and clay in the air, sighed at the wisdom of human beings, and said to himself: "Hey, fortunately I read the report of my roommate, otherwise I don't know the origin of cement, although natural cement is not as good as the current cement of the earth, but it is enough." ”
As time passed, the black wind blowing clay stopped first, and I saw that the original clumps of mud had fallen apart, but they were still in pieces, showing a brownish yellow, and Ren Xiaoyao continued to send a message to the space, so that the space would crush the mud into powder.
I saw two golden rays of light shining on the mud block in the space, and then the two golden rays "sandwiched" a piece of mud and grinded back and forth, and after a while, a small piece of clay was ground into powder, and then quickly "clamped" another piece and continued to grind.
Ren Xiaoyao was stunned when he saw the whole person, and thought to himself: What the hell is this? Doesn't that make sense? What kind of physics knowledge is this? Two rays of light can grind the powder? At the time when Ren Xiaoyao was stunned, Jin Guang had already ground all the mud into powder, turning it into gray and yellow mud powder.
After sweeping a clay powder, Ren Xiaoyao was not entangled, thinking that there was no "palm" in space, and it was already very reasonable to shoot the clay mud into powder, after all, space is just an object similar to a fairy weapon, and it is not a machine of physics, what kind of physical knowledge to talk about.
Looking back at the limestone that was still "burning", it was already half burned, and there was a lot of pure white lime under the stones, but there were a lot of other substances, what black and brown stones, Ren Xiaoyao transferred all these stones to the other side, and took out the graphite blocks left by the refining meteorite from the previous days from the storage ring.
Stacking all these "alternatives" aside, a message was sent to the space, and all these "alternatives" were ground into powder. I saw a royal blue light appear in the space, falling from the sky and shining on the hybrid stone, and the "alternative" stone was crushed into powder with a single look.
Ren Xiaoyao was stunned, and thought: Isn't this similar to what I thought before?
In fact, he didn't know that space was just an immortal weapon without intelligence, but it was only refined for special reasons, and space would only act according to the thoughts and orders of the person who had space. Just like computer software, only on the premise of hardware support, can you edit programs and make software.
To put it simply, the space is not driven by itself, but by the person who owns the space, and uses it. Therefore, the idea of crushing the palm of Ren Xiaoyao into powder before is felt in space, and this scene will be caused according to the "hardware" of space.
Ren Xiaoyao came back to his senses, looking at the black, brown powder, his eyes staring unblinking. Then he glanced at the limestone, and he had burned all the limestone to pure white lime. sighed and said, "Don't really be angry with me, or you'll die." ”
To be continued