(For the wrong chapter, please go to the starting point to subscribe to the genuine version.) Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info update the correct chapter at 6 a.m.)

The content of Marxism is divided into two parts: the part on social cognition--- scientific socialism and the part on social practice--- scientific communism.

The doctrine founded by K. Marx and F. Engels. The system of scientific theories, including the scientific world outlook, the theory of social and historical development, the theory of proletarian revolution, and the theory of socialist and communist construction, is the theoretical basis and guiding ideology of the political party of the working class.

Marxism was born in the 40s of the 19th century and is a product of the intensification of capitalist contradictions and the development of the workers' movement. Marked by the advent of the Communist Manifesto. It has absorbed and transformed all the outstanding achievements of human thought and culture, especially the achievements of the social sciences and natural sciences in the middle of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Its main theoretical sources are German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and Anglo-French utopian socialism. In addition, the ideas of the French Enlightenment scholars and the class struggle theories of the historians of the French Restoration period also provided useful ideological materials for the theory of scientific socialism. The new achievements of science and technology in the 19th century, especially the establishment of the cell theory, the discovery of the law of conservation and transformation of energy, and the new development of the theory of evolution laid a solid foundation for the emergence of Marxism.

Marxism is a complete scientific system, which contains three main components: Marxist philosophy, political economy, and scientific socialism. These three components are not separate from each other, they constitute an interconnected organic whole. Marxism is the ideological weapon of the proletariat to understand and transform the world. Its main characteristics are the combination of scientific and revolutionary, the unity of theory and practice. Marxism, as a complete theoretical system, has developed in combination with the practice of the workers' movement and revolutionary struggles in various countries; It has developed in the struggle against all kinds of erroneous currents of thought; It is constantly developing in the process of creative research on the new problems raised by the development of the times and the new situations that have arisen. After the death of Marx and Engels, their successors continued to push Marxism forward. Lenin combined Marxism with the concrete practice of the Russian revolution, creatively developed Marxism, founded the Marxist theory of imperialism, developed the theories of Marx and Engels on the proletarian revolution and the proletariat, and formulated the theory on the establishment of a new type of proletarian party. He summed up the practical experience of Soviet Russia and put forward the basic principles and guiding ideology for socialist construction. Lenin's development of Marxism brought Marxism to a new stage -- the Leninist stage. In China, the Chinese Communists, represented by ******, have integrated the basic theory of Marxism with Chinese history and social practice and created ****** Thought.

Marxism is the product of mankind's outstanding cultural heritage. It is mainly a scientific system of new proletarian thought founded by critically inheriting German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and British and French utopian socialism. Marx and Engels had accepted the philosophy of Hegelian idealism before 1841, and from the second half of 1841 they turned to the materialism of L.A. Feuerbach. They drew on the rational kernel of dialectics in the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel and rejected his idealism, and drew on the materialism of Feuerbach's philosophy and rejected his idealistic views on metaphysical and socio-historical issues, and founded the philosophy of dialectical materialism. They used the viewpoint and method of dialectical materialism to study the history of human society, and at the same time critically inherited the ideas of class struggle from the French bourgeois historians J.-N.-A. Thierry, F.-A.-M. Migne, and others, and founded historical materialism. After graduating from the University of Berlin in 1841, Marx published revolutionary democratic statements in the press. From October 1842 to March 1843 he was editor-in-chief of the Rheinische Zeitung, where he did his best to defend the toiling masses. For the first time in practice, he was confronted with the need to express his opinion on material interests, which prompted him to study economic problems. Engels also paid attention to the study of political economy after his arrival in England at the end of 1842. They drew the labor theory of value from the works of the classical English bourgeois economists Adam Smith and D. Ricardo, discarded their theory of concealment of capitalist exploitation, discovered the secret of the exploitation of surplus value, and founded the political economy of the proletariat. From 1842 onwards they studied the utopian socialist doctrines of Saint-Simon, F.-M.-C. Fourier and R. Owen, among others, C.-H.de. From 1843 onwards, he joined the workers' movement in England and France, turned to the position of the working class through personal practice, and drew rational factors from the vivid exposure of the capitalist system and the genius prediction of the future ideal society of the utopian socialists, and abandoned their idealistic historical outlook and utopian part, and founded scientific socialism.

Marxism arose in Western Europe in the 40s of the 19th century, when capitalism had developed considerably. Britain, France, and Germany are its birthplaces. Because at that time, Britain, France, Germany, and other countries had already achieved or were in the process of realizing the industrial revolution, and the productivity and science and technology had reached an unprecedented level. The industrial proletariat has begun to transform from a class in itself to a class in itself. The Chartist movement in England, the workers' uprising in Lyon in France, and the textile workers' uprising in Silesia in Germany marked the emergence of the proletariat as an independent political force. It is a product of the intensification of capitalist contradictions and the development of the workers' movement. Marked by the advent of the Communist Manifesto. It has absorbed and transformed all the outstanding achievements of human thought and culture, especially the achievements of the social sciences and natural sciences in the middle of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. Its main theoretical sources are German classical philosophy, British classical political economy, and Anglo-French utopian socialism. In addition, the ideas of the French Enlightenment scholars and the class struggle theories of the historians of the French Restoration period also provided useful ideological materials for the theory of scientific socialism. The new achievements of science and technology in the 19th century, especially the establishment of the cell theory, the discovery of the law of conservation and transformation of energy, and the new development of the theory of evolution laid a solid foundation for the emergence of Marxism. Marx and Engels fulfilled this historical mission. They were bourgeois intellectuals in terms of their social status; From his philosophical point of view, he was originally an idealist; In terms of his political views, he was a democrat. In general, in 1842~1844, they actively engaged in the actual political struggle, the workers' movement and scientific research, and transformed into proletarian intellectuals, materialists and communists. From 1844 onwards, he co-authored The Holy Family and The German Ideology, and wrote the books The Condition of the Working Class in England and The Poverty of Philosophy, which expounded the new world outlook of the proletariat. (To be continued.) )