readx;?“ Still waiting for me to come? I don't believe you guys haven't tested it ahead of time! Guan Fei shook hands with each of them with a smile and said humorously. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

"Of course we tested it. However, without the confirmation and final approval of the commander, we still feel a little unsure, and we always feel as if we are dreaming! Several of the researchers smiled from ear to ear and rubbed their hands together in embarrassment.

"What's not solid, it's nothing more than these circuits." Guan Fei smiled and waved his hand before they were in a hurry to speak, "Okay, okay, take out the things, I'll test them all one by one." Otherwise, you won't be at ease! ”

He didn't think there would be any big problems with this batch of chips.

The level of integrated circuits in this era is still in the early stage of development, and the integration degree of components can reach up to about 30,000 on a silicon wafer substrate with a square centimeter size.

Although China is following in the footsteps of others, it is not slow.

When the Americans invented the first computer in 1946, Harbin University developed the country's first analog computer in 57 years, almost 11 years later than the West.

Then, the following year, the first digital computer was developed with the assistance of Soviet specialists.

In five or six years, the United States developed the second generation of transistor computers. China followed suit in 63 years and also developed the first large-scale transistor computer, a difference of seven years from the West.

IBM developed the world's first integrated circuit computer. Subsequently, China also developed its first all-integrated integrated large-scale computer in 73 years, and the computing speed exceeded one million for the first time. And the operating system used is all developed by itself.

At this point, it can be seen that although the country has always been slower than the West, the gap between the two sides has been within ten years. At the shortest, it was less than seven years.

However, China emphasizes theory and ignores practice; The idea of emphasizing military use over civilian use has had a serious impact on computer development.

At a time when foreign countries are gradually turning their attention to the miniaturization, commercialization, and civilian use of computers, China is unswervingly insisting on the development of mainframe and ultra-large computers. With scientific research and military as the research and development goals, it has gradually formed two parallel paths with Western computer development ideas.

Miniaturization is not undone, but the state has insufficient resources, and investing resources in it is far from the mainframe. Moreover, after the development of small machines, they were basically not put into mass production, only a few, a dozen, dozens of units, and only one or two hundred units, and a small amount was used by scientific research institutions. Compared with the booming commercial minicomputers and civilian microcomputers in the United States, it is not at all on the same order.

However, even so, domestic research on integrated circuits has not stopped.

The processes of lithography, oxidation, diffusion, evaporation and other processes necessary for the manufacture of integrated circuits have been learned in China in the 60s. It's just that the equipment is poor, the specific preparation process is not well mastered, and the integrated circuits produced are one generation worse than those in Europe and the United States.

For example, at this time, the level of integrated circuit preparation in the United States was about 10,000 to 30,000, and the best level in China could only reach about 6,000.

There is certainly a gap, and it is still wide, but it is not hopeless.

Guan Fei does not take this gap in his eyes, wafer preparation, lithography technology, evaporation technology, oxidation technology, diffusion technology and other key preparation technologies seem to be extremely advanced in this era, but in his eyes it is not more complex than manufacturing transistors. Under his guidance over the past year, the semiconductor research institutes of military subdivisions have achieved tremendous results, reaching the same level as the United States.

The military division transformation, self-made three-inch experimental wafer preparation machine, lithography machine and other equipment, high precision, precise control, and then he optimized the process, although the output is still very low, but can already prepare the integration of 30,000 yuan of devices to process.

In the first two tests, the yield rate of wafer preparation was well controlled at about 97 percent, while the yield rate of integrated circuit preparation reached 95 percent.

For the preparation of integrated circuits, the yield rate of wafer preparation and the yield rate of chip preparation is not additive, but productive. Each additional step significantly reduces the yield of the final product.

Therefore, the current best level of military sub-districts is a 92 percent yield rate.

In other words, from the beginning of wafer preparation, the initial raw material input required for 100 pieces can only produce 92 chips in good working condition.

Japan has completely defeated Intel in the field of memory by focusing on details, working hard for more than ten years, and strict management requirements for workers. In Intel's own words, they tried everything they could, and the yield rate of memory production in the end was always 15 to 20 percent lower than that of memory made in Japan!

On a disc with a diameter of three inches, the chips that can be accommodated are limited, and the yield rate is 15 to 20 percent lower, and the cost is not too high!

Even if workers in the United States and Japan have the same wages, Intel can't compete with the Japanese. Not to mention the fact that the wages of Japanese workers are only two-thirds of those of American workers, which is even more hopeless. American memory manufacturers fought with Japanese manufacturers for several years, and finally lost the battle and had to give up the market.

In fact, not only the manufacturing capacity of memory and processors, but Japan is not lagging behind. They are also ambitious and increase investment in the development of their national strength, wanting to replace the hegemony of the United States in processors.

However, the processor is too sensitive, and it is not a bone that can be thrown to Japan as memory.

The advanced ideas in design, the dominance of national strength, the influence of the global computer industry, and the difference in the language environment all made Japan's investment in processors finally go down the drain, and it could only use the chips it developed for game consoles, and a small number of self-made compatible machines for domestic use in Japan.

What Guan Fei plans to take is actually this road.

He didn't have the idea of developing a cross-era chip and then beating the Americans to the ground. Technically there is no problem, but it is completely unfeasible politically - the United States is not a real ** warrior, and a fool will hand over the computer field, which is a key matter of the country, to China, which was still an enemy yesterday!

He is playing the line of saving the country with a curve, and by stuffing his own private goods into various CNC equipment such as game consoles and CNC machine tools, he gradually expands the scope of application of pure Chinese processors developed by military subdivisions, increases market share, and cultivates relevant software and hardware talents.

This is also to avoid the various products developed by themselves and being cracked by competitors.

It is not completely impossible to crack, any static items and programs will be recognized and read by people with special equipment. But there is no habit of using Chinese, can you understand?

When you take the trouble to crack the circuit principle, I will release another upgraded version tomorrow, and you will always have to eat dust behind me.

When you rack your brains to find a Chinese master and understand the program, I will update the program next, and you can't just watch it!

Shen Zhixiang, the leader of the research team, carefully took out an aluminum alloy suitcase, clicked, pressed the secret lock, and opened the box lightly. His movements were very gentle, as if it were filled with fragile fine porcelain, and he was afraid that he would break it if he moved a little bigger.

All the researchers gathered around, holding their breath as much as they could, even though they knew they had masks. But from the masks that quickly became foggy, you could see how excited they were now.

The lid of the box was lifted to reveal rows of bright silver chips, each three centimeters long and 2.5 centimeters wide, in a rectangular shape.

This is a small square planar packaging technology completed under the guidance of Guan Fei, abbreviated as QFP in English.

In this era, Intel and others are still using old-fashioned double-row symmetrical packaging, and the processor looks no different from ordinary integrated circuits.

However, this packaging method is simple and simple, but the package size is much larger than the core chip, which occupies a very large installation position.

The square flat package is different, with the pins leading out of the four edges, which is more delicate and dense.

Of course, its disadvantages are just the opposite of the former, and it is more difficult to package. Small-scale preparation in the laboratory is OK, but large-scale packaging must have a special production line and a large investment. Moreover, this is difficult to carry out in the packaging method on existing test equipment, and special instruments are also required to inspect it.

But it's not that hard.

Under the mixed economic model of a semi-planned economy and a semi-market economy in military sub-districts, a little investment is nothing, but nothing more than paying wages and bonuses to production workers and giving manufacturers a certain amount of profits. Anyway, the meat rotted in the pot, and they got the money, and they also spent it in the military division, and in the end, it was returned to the military division through various channels.

In order to have good heat dissipation, this processor also comes in a metal package.

This is just a laboratory practice to improve the industry, and in fact, when the processors are put into mass production, they will change to ceramic packaging to save costs. Besides, with such a level of integration, where can the heat emitted be used in the metal shell, and the ceramic is sufficient.

Shen Zhixiang was cautious and pushed the box over from the countertop, but he didn't dare to hold it and hand it over, for fear that he wouldn't catch it and knock it over on the ground.

Guan Fei respected their work, and also took it with both hands and turned it to his side.

"Where's the tester?" He glanced at it first.

There is a rapid scan of the biological auxiliary brain, and the processing defects on the surface of the chip cannot escape his eyes at all.

I have to say that Shen Zhixiang really regarded these chips as treasures, and each one was exquisitely made, shining under the lights, like a work of art.

The bright silver metal encapsulated surface is prominently marked with the word "Actuarial" and the sickle hammer.

At the bottom, there is also a line of small characters printed "Semiconductor Research Institute of the Military Division of the People's Army, Integrated Circuit Preparation Technology Center, 1980"!

Each chip is numbered, from 001 to 092.

Shen Zhixiang and the others found that Guan Fei glanced at the small print, and felt a little embarrassed, and said abruptly: "Actually, we were just joking, and we just wanted to print the name of the institute at the beginning......

Several of the other researchers were also smiling, their hands involuntarily raised, scratching the back of their heads through the hoods.

Guan Fei stretched out his index finger and shook it: "You guys did the right thing!" For the collectives and individuals who contribute, we give material rewards only in exchange for work. But we pursue spiritual goals that transcend the material, and this is the biggest difference between us and Western capitalism. You have made a contribution and it is only natural that you should be deserved the credit that deserves it. When it is officially put into production, we will keep this line so that more people can know who developed it! It's just that, as you know, a large part of our products are exported to Europe and the United States, so this part of the People's Army in front must be removed, and the words 'Military Divisional Semiconductor Research Institute, Integrated Circuit Preparation Technology Center' will be printed in the future. ”

He looked at Shen Zhixiang and the others with happy faces, and shook his head gently.

If this first batch of chips is kept for decades, the number 001 on it alone will be worth a lot of money. But it's nothing, things are made for use, and when they are officially put into production, another batch of 001 will be produced, so that every scientific researcher and worker involved in the research and development can keep one as a souvenir, which is also a good idea.

Guan Fei smiled slightly, gently twisted a chip, put it into the prongs of the special test instrument, and read the current data of each pin according to the order of operation.

This set of self-made testers in the military division is very advanced, the signal is recognized by the internal processor, automatically compared with the solidified database, and the relevant parameters are immediately displayed on the strip LCD screen. After each test, an English word will be displayed - pass, which means pass!

Unfortunately, the Chinese font library has not yet been made, and various instruments and equipment are still marked in English.

After solving the integrated circuits such as processors and memory, we will seize the time to make Chinese font chips. There is no Chinese font library, and it is not easy to compile it with a Chinese processor, which is of course not possible. After the font library is produced, it is necessary to redevelop the instruments and equipment of the Chinese operation panel, and greatly update the existing equipment of the military sub-district. As for the old ones, it depends on whether they are wanted in China or sold through Hong Kong.

Guan Fei thought quickly in his mind, and handed over all the movements in his hands to the biological vice-brain.

The speed of the automated detector is very fast, with dense pins and dozens of instructions cured inside, and the detection is completed in the blink of an eye. Although the LCD screen is garbled due to the inability to recognize Chinese instructions, the word pass still indicates that the circuit is correctly identified.

Ninety-two chips, it only took about ten minutes to go through them all.

Pass rate, 100 percent!

Seeing that the last chip passed the test, Shen Zhixiang and the others all showed joyful expressions and couldn't help but hug each other.

Although it is less than a hundred chips, it represents that the military division has its own processor manufacturing capacity. In the future, you will no longer need to buy expensive chips from abroad, but you can make them all!

The processor business of the military division, at this moment, is in this small laboratory, sailing!