Chapter 952: Aftermath Big Loan
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A democratic, dictatorial figure, under his rule, Russia's political situation was unstable, the economy was in shambles, but he was able to be re-elected as president, in power for eight years, although he was critically ill many times, but always firmly held the power of the country, which is a Yeltsin phenomenon unique to Russia.
In a word, Yeltsin was not capable of extricating the country from the situation and getting out of the crisis. When the president was impeached last year, he was charged with five counts, which, although they did not pass, passed by half of the votes in Parliament.
However, it is such a figure who was able to govern for eight consecutive years, finally received the support of the majority in the presidential election, was re-elected as president, and despite several critical illnesses, he still firmly held the power of the country and defeated one opponent after another. This is indeed a rare kind of ready-made pump in the history of Russia.
Comparing Gorbachev, one can see that in terms of the economic situation, the Yeltsin era was much worse than the Gorbachev era, and in terms of domestic political life, Yeltsin, as the head of the state, behaved much more dictatorial than Gorbachev, and in terms of ethnic policy, Yeltsin could not tolerate the emergence of any ethnic division at all, while Gorbachev allowed one republic after another to become independent.
When people talk about the reasons for Gorbachev's failure, they often blame him for not doing a good job in the economy, not enough democracy, and mishandling the national question. Why, then, was Yeltsin, who was even worse than Gorbacho, able to support it?
Yeltsin had a strong personality, dared to take risks, dared to take risks and tricks, and during his eight years in power, he continued to succeed on the road of adventure. A person's character plays a certain role in history, and one can say that Gorbachev's indecision and constant indecision were one of the reasons for the failure of his reforms.
However, it is clear that a strong character alone will not be enough to ensure the success of the reforms, and more convincing explanations should be sought.
In order to answer this question, it is necessary to look at the system that Yeltsin built, the forces on which he relied on him, his allies, the slogans and measures he used to attract voters, the state of his opponents, and so on.
The political regime and political system established by Yeltsin are a transitional system. The source of this regime is the Soviet power, and such a regime inevitably has quite a lot of shadows and remnants of the old era, and its overall structure has a clear imprint of the Soviet era.
The presidential system has replaced the general secretary system, but the system in which the general secretary has the final say still exists. The Politburo no longer exists, but the shadow of the Politburo can be felt everywhere in the presidential office. The government and the Soviets obeyed the command of the Politburo and the General Secretary, as is still evident in Yeltsin's government and in the Duma's relations with the president. Yeltsin's rule relied on a mechanism that did not deviate from the old one.
Russia has a hierarchical presidential system, the president has unlimited power, and the whole regime is a president-centered structure, which forces the executive, legislative, and judicial to obey the president's will.
There is a rational basis for the existence of such a system in Russia, and in an era of great social upheaval, strong strongmen are needed, otherwise nothing will be achieved. But running a country by one person, especially a big country like Russia, is obviously not feasible in the long run, because power needs to be checked.
Privatization of the economy destroyed the state ownership of the Soviet Union, thus completely destroying the foundations of the Soviet Union. Privatization also caused serious social polarization, with nearly half of the population living below the poverty line, and at the same time creating a new group of mobs and billionaires, and the emergence of a middle class in Russia, on which the Yeltsin regime depended.
However, after Putin comes to power, the Yeltsin phenomenon will inevitably come to an end, the Yeltsin system will not be able to continue as it is, the president's powers will be reduced, and the parliamentary democracy, market economy, federalism, and the principle of strengthening the country with separation of powers will continue and be gradually improved.
Since Putin came to power, although Russia's economy is still in a mess, there have been good changes compared with the previous situation; in fact, this turning point for the economy to stop falling and rebound has already appeared in the second half of 1996; although it was interrupted by the global financial crisis, it recovered in the second half of the year before last, and the upward trend of last year was quite obvious.
After Putin took over, of course, he further promoted the economic revival, but more importantly, he was fortunate that he not only caught the ride of the rebound that the countries in transition generally experienced, but also happened to coincide with the rising oil prices in the international market, and the effect of the depreciation of the ruble in promoting exports after the 1997 crisis began to be shown.
To be honest, Putin is a good hand in politics, but in terms of economic knowledge, Fan Wuxian is not very impressed.
Putin's prime minister is good at economic management, but from the current point of view, the relationship between the two is not good, and it is very likely that they will part ways or directly become a life-and-death rival.
Fan Wuxian also considered that with Putin's character, he obviously could not tolerate the status quo of two countries and two masters for one day, Yeltsin's totalitarianism had a greater impact on him, and the economic turmoil in the Yeltsin era also made Putin intend to strengthen his control over state-owned enterprises in order to reduce the influence of the financial oligarchs on the opponent's regime.
How can you allow others to sleep soundly?
Putin now needs the strong financial support of Fan Wuxi, so that he can confidently and boldly take action against the financial oligarchs at home, especially those who covet his own regime, and suppress them.
After more than ten years of exhibition, these financial oligarchs have a staggering amount of wealth all over Russia, without the support of large sums of money, it is difficult for Putin to rely on the strength of the state to successfully subdue them, but the reason why he did not consider borrowing from Western countries to complete this matter, the second is to borrow from Fan Wuxi's private individuals, what is important is that the transaction with Fan Wuzhi is a purely commercial exchange of interests, there is no political demand, if it is a loan to Western countries, he is very easy to be elbowed, what will happen in the future, It's hard to estimate.
To put it simply, it was the Yeltsin era that fattened a large number of financial oligarchs, and these people really regarded themselves as emperors after they had them, and after Putin took over, he felt that these fat sheep had forgotten what their duty was, and he was going to raise a butcher's knife to kill pigs and sheep, but the aftermath of the slaughter needed someone to do it, so he found the rich man with Fan Wuxi.
"I will, then, abstain from His Excellency the President for this feat." After thinking about it, Fan Wuxian felt that the profits contained in it were indeed very large, Russia was not comparable to a small country like Indonesia, and the fee source here could be said to be heartbeating, although it was impossible for Putin to do something like betrayal, but the equivalent exchange of this kind of thing can be done, especially in terms of oil and gas field resources, it is really quite tempting.
After Putin heard that Fan Wuxian agreed to this, he was very happy and asked, "When will it arrive?" I hope it's as soon as possible! ”
"Your Majesty, with all due respect, it seems that your economic skills are not as good as those in politics, and if you want to achieve the best results with the least cost, it is better to use a dedicated business team." Fan Wuxian suggested to Putin: "My company's existing professional financial management team is good at financial conspiracy, especially the calculation of such a large enterprise group, if you need this, I can give you a 20% discount on the service fee, to ensure that it is worth the money, and to bankrupt the other party's company at the lowest price, what do you think?" ”
After listening to Fan Wuxi's introduction, Putin was stunned for a while, but he didn't expect that there was such a type of financial service in the world.
"This kind of business... Would anyone be interested? After a long pause, Putin asked.
"It's very popular, and we're very short on staff." Fan Wuxian replied with a smile, "In fact, this kind of business has relatively high requirements for the quality of personnel, and the requirements for integrity are also very high, and the demand is very large. We generally only do regular customers. ”
Putin wants to refuse outright. But after thinking about it, it seems that several of his financial opponents are really not easy to deal with, so he changed his words, "Okay, if necessary, I will contact you as soon as possible." ”
In terms of resource cooperation, Putin seems to be more generous, and the conditions proposed by Fan Wuxian are not outrageous, so an agreement was quickly reached, but in terms of the transfer of large aircraft engine technology, it is more hesitant, and it is difficult to form a consensus for a while, which obviously involves a technical threshold problem.
Because Putin knows that once the Chinese master the key technology of the large aircraft motive, the overall space power will be greatly improved, which he does not want to see, after all, there are territorial disputes between China and Russia, and there is also a fairly long border. Once China's military strength is raised beyond Russia's expectations, it will bring relatively large pressure on Russia's national defense.
Fan Wuxian said in response to this: "The main tone of today's world is peaceful development, the Chinese have fought for more than a hundred years, and they are unwilling to fight again, besides, you have so many advanced nuclear weapons, what do you need to worry about us?" ”
Putin hesitated for a long time. None of them were decided. Later, Fan Wuxian said to him: "My wife has invited two Ling Yuan to come to China to play, given the current situation, it will be safer for them to stay in China, if His Excellency the President is willing to transfer the motivation technology, the two Ling Yuan can stay in China for a longer time, I will teach them how to start a business, while studying in China, while running their own business empire, what do you think of this proposal?" ”
Hearing this, Putin was immediately taken aback, and his gaze at Fan Wuxian became even more strange. There are no pop-ups